Rooting of Stem Cuttings with Different Indole 3 Butyric Acid (IBA) Treatments and Development of Micropropagation Protocol for <i>Piper betle</i>L. Node Culture

The present study, conducted during 2016 and 2017 seasons, aimed to investigate the effect of IBA on rooting of Piper betle L. stem cuttings (softwood and semi-hardwood). The experiment was undertaken in misting house field 2 UPM using the sand media to determine the adventitious roots initiation and development using the histological method. The cuttings were treated with different IBA concentrations (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L). The nodes explants were used in the development of a protocol for in vitro propagation of P. betle L., with different concentrations of Clorox with different times of immersion (20% Clorox 10 minutes, 30% Clorox 10 minutes, 20% Clorox 20 minutes, and 30% 20 minutes). In multiplication of the plantlets, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with different concentrations of BAP (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 mg/L) were used to investigate the rooting of the explants. The results indicated that the types of the cuttings were different in the rooting capacity and the length of the roots. Moreover, it was found that in comparison with the control treatment, by a rise in the concentrations of the IBA, there was a significant upsurge in the rooting percentage, the root diameter, and the number of the roots. The results indicated that the types of cutting with 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/L IBA perform better in the root percentage (100%) in the semi hardwood cuttings. The best results, however, were 2000 mg/L IBA in the semi hardwood cuttings, with the number of the roots to be 35.05, and the fresh weight of the roots to be 3.94 g, the dry weight of the roots to be 0.33 g, the length of the roots to be 391.88 cm, the roots diameter to be 1.21 mm, the surface area of the roots to be 121.83 cm2, and the root volume to be 2.99 cm3. Nonetheless, the optimal concentration of Clorox with the time immersion was 20% with the 20-minute immersion time, which produced a shoot induction percentage of 30% dead explants and a mean number of 70.00 shoots per explant and the optimal concentration of benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 1.0 mg/L. It is of note that a shoot induction percentage of 22.29% and a mean number of 4.1% number of auxiliary bud per treatment. P. betle shoots in MS medium without PGR MS (0.0) yielded a good rooting.

不同浓度IBA对3种柽柳嫩枝扦插效果的影响

柽柳属(Tamarix)植物具较强的固沙、抗旱和耐盐碱性,本研究以细穗柽柳(Tamarix lepto‐stachya)、柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)、多枝柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)3种柽柳为研究对象,选择其当年生半木质化枝条为插穗,通过开展不同浓度的吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理试验,利用隶属函数法对3种柽柳扦插成活率、平均新枝长及苗高等指标进行综合评价,研究IBA浓度对3种柽柳扦插效果的影响,为柽柳扦插繁育提供参考。结果表明:不同浓度IBA处理后3种柽柳扦插成活率、平均新枝长、苗高均存在显著差异(P<0.05),其中成活率为多枝柽柳(68.75%)>细穗柽柳(63.89%)>柽柳(36.09%),平均新枝长及苗高均以柽柳最高,为14.12 cm和17.04 cm。3种柽柳嫩枝扦插所适用的IBA浓度存在差异,细穗柽柳、多枝柽柳采用500 mg.L^(-1)处理,即可达到较好的综合扦插效果,而柽柳需采用1000 mg.L^(-1)。

外源IBA对无花果扦插苗抗氧化特性及IAA生物合成途径的影响

【目的】探讨适宜浓度吲哚丁酸(IBA)对无花果插穗生根萌芽、抗氧化性及生长素生物合成途径相关基因表达的影响,为其应用于无花果的育种、繁殖、推广和种植提供理论依据。【方法】以‘波姬红’无花果品种硬枝为插穗,观测不同质量浓度IBA(0,30,45,60,90 mg/L)处理下插穗生根性状、抗氧化特性,并对45 mg/L IBA处理及对照组的扦插枝条中段的腋芽进行转录组分析。【结果】(1)无花果插穗萌芽率和生根率在45 mg/L IBA处理时达到最大值,并与其他处理和对照差异显著。(2)随IBA浓度增加,插穗SOD和CAT活性先下降后上升,并均在45,60 mg/L IBA处理下显著低于对照,而POD活性无显著变化;各浓度IBA处理插穗中MDA和H2O2含量均显著高于对照,且45 mg/L IBA处理MDA显著低于其余处理。(3)45 mg/L IBA处理及对照组中共存在6 879个差异表达基因,KEGG富集显示有10个差异途径,GO富集分析表明生物学过程和分子功能为主要的生物学途径;与CAT、SOD相关的基因集中富集在过氧化物酶体通路上,POD相关基因则富集在苯丙烷生物合成通路中;IAA生物合成途径中代谢相关基因FcGH3显著上调表达,与信号转导相关基因FcAUX1、FcARG7和FcARF等显著下调表达。【结论】外源IBA处理会导致无花果插穗抗氧化酶和IAA生物合成途径中相关基因表达的差异变化,增强插穗抗逆性,促进插穗生根、萌芽、成苗,并以外源45 mg/L IBA促进效果最好。

Effect of Indole 3-Butyric Acid and Media Type on Adventitious Root Formation in Sheanut Tree (<i>Vitellaria paradoxa</i>C. F. Gaertn.) Stem Cuttings

Shea nuts play an important role in food security for rural folks within sub-Sahara Africa, serving as the main source of income for many people living in Northern Ghana. Unfortunately, the full economic potential of the Sheanut tree has not been fully realized due to the difficulty involved in its domestication. This difficulty in vegetatively propagating sheanut trees has greatly hindered its cultivation and the realization of its true economic potential. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of rooting media and varying indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on adventitious root formation in cuttings taken from coppiced sheanut trees. Results indicated that 3000 ppm produced significantly (p 0.05) better rooting (57.5%) than 5000 ppm (30%), 7000 ppm (45.0%) and the control (7.5%). Although the levels of soluble sugars (SS) and total free phenols (TFP) in the cutting were significantly (p 0.05) higher at the end of the experiment (after IBA treatment) compared to the start (prior to IBA treatment), the SS and TFP trends observed did not clearly explain the rooting differences found between the IBA levels investigated. Callus formation was significantly (p 0.05) higher (35.0%) in the control (no IBA). Generally, callus formation decreased with increasing IBA concentration. In the rooting media experiment, rooting was significantly (p 0.05) higher in the rice husk medium (35.0%) compared to that in the palm fiber (18.3%), saw dust (14.1%) and top soil (16.7%) media.

Endogenous nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide detection in indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation in Camellia sinensis

Nitric oxide（NO）and hydrogen peroxide（H2O2）are essential signaling molecules with key roles in auxin induced adventitious root formation in many plants.However,whether they are the sole determinants for adventitious root formation is worth further study.In this study,endogenous NO and H2O2 were monitored in tea cutting with or without indole-3-butyric acid（IBA）treatment by using the fluorescent probes diaminofluorescein diacetate（DAF-2DA）and 2＇,7＇-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate（DCF-DA）,respectively.The overproduction of NO and H2O2 was detected in the rooting parts of tea cuttings treated with or without IBA.But little NO and H2O2 was detected before the initiation phase of tea cuttings even with IBA treatment indicating that they might be not directly induced by IBA.Further carbon and nitrogen analysis found that the overproduction of NO and H2O2 were coincident with the consumption of soluble sugars and the assimilation of nitrogen.These results suggest that rooting phases should be taken into consideration with the hypothesis that auxin induces adventitious root formation via NO-and H2O2-dependent pathways and sink establishment might be a prerequisite for NO and H2O2 mediated adventitious root formation.

Effect of Different Indole-3-Buteric Acid(IBA)Concentrations and Cutting Types on Plane Trees(Platanus orientalis L.)

Effects of different Indole-3-Buteric Acid （IBA） concentrations （0, 1 000, 1 500 and 2 500 ppm） and curing types （soft wood, semi hard and hard wood） of plane tree were investigated with Randomized Complete Block Design （RCBD） at the Agricultural research station, Charsadda. The maximum survival percentage, plant height （cm）, root length （era）, numbers of roots and root weight per cutting were significantly higher in hard wood cuttings. IBA concentration had no speculative effect on plane tree cuttings. Thus, hard wood cutting was the best choice for plan tree propagation.

Effect of Indole Butyric Acid on the Transportation of Stored Calcium in Malus hupehensis Rhed. Seedling

Calcium （Ca） plays an important role in the metabolism of higher plants. Recently, research on Ca^2＋ in plants has been focused especially at the cellular and molecular levels. Uptake, transport, and distribution are also very important for Ca to accomplish its function at the whole-plant level. In this experiment, one-year-old apple seedlings （M. hupehensis Rehd.） were investigated to determine the distribution of stored Ca, the different forms of Ca, and Ca^2＋-ATPase activity after treatment with indole butyric acid （IBA）. The results showed that the total Ca measured in mature leaves and Ca^2＋- ATPase activity in tender leaves were higher compared with those in the control （CK）. Calcium nitrate and calcium chloride （ALe-Ca） and calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate （HAC-Ca） decreased in both mature leaves and shoots, whereas water-soluble calcium （H2O-Ca）, calcium pectate （NaCl-Ca）, and calcium oxalate （HCl-Ca） increased. The percentage of active calcium, calcium pectate, and water-soluble calcium increased, whereas the percentage of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate decreased. When treated with IBA, calcium fractions and percentage of the different forms of Ca was enhanced in 40 part per million （ppm） IBA compared with 20 ppm IBA and water. The results indicated that IBA increased the percentage of both active calcium （NaCl-Ca and H2O-Ca） in tender shoots and boosted the transportation of stored Ca in plants. IBA promoted Ca^2＋-ATPase activity and Ca^2＋ uptake in tender shoots of M. hupehensis. It can improve the total Ca contents and the relative percentage of Ca.

油莎豆生长素受体TIR1基因家族鉴定及响应盐胁迫和外源IBA的表达分析

特色油料作物油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus L.)地下块茎可积累大量油脂,且具有适应性广和抗逆性强等特点,是研究植物抗逆性和地下营养器官富集油脂的优异材料。运输抑制剂响应蛋白1(transport inhibitor response protein 1,TIR1)作为生长素受体可调控植物生长发育和响应非生物胁迫。然而,油莎豆CeTIR1的相关研究鲜有报道。本研究基于油莎豆转录组数据筛选鉴定出4个油莎豆TIR1基因(CeTIR1-1、CeTIR1-2、CeTIR1-3和CeTIR1-4),并采用RT-PCR技术克隆到4个CeTIR1成员的ORFs。生物信息学分析表明,4个CeTIR1蛋白含有典型的F-box蛋白结构域、AMN1超结构域和Transp_inhibit结构域。CeTIR1s序列长度、编码蛋白相对分子量和等电点等理化性质差异较小。4个CeTIR1分别与禾本目莎草科、木犀科及十字花科的植物来源的TIR1s在进化上亲缘关系较近。基因表达分析显示,油莎豆CeTIR1基因在不同组织表达水平差异显著,均在块茎组织中高表达,在根和叶组织中表达量较低。盐胁迫处理下油莎豆幼苗抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量升高,添加外源IBA处理后,盐胁迫油莎豆幼苗的抗氧化酶活性进一步升高且MDA含量降低。这预示着IBA可以缓解盐胁迫对油莎豆幼苗生长的不利影响。qRT-PCR结果显示,4个CeTIR1基因在盐胁迫处理幼苗中表达量增加,外源添加IBA亦可显著上调CeTIR1-2基因的表达。综合分析显示CeTIR1-2可能是参与调控油莎豆幼苗响应盐胁迫的一个重要基因。研究结果可为挖掘生长素调控油莎豆生长发育和抗逆性相关功能基因以及油莎豆逆境栽培研究提供科学依据和重要参考。

吲哚丁酸(IBA)和不同基质对石蒜鳞片扦插繁殖的影响

石蒜是我国重要的秋冬季观赏植物,但其自然繁殖率低、速度慢。为提高石蒜鳞片扦插繁殖效率,该试验研究了不同浓度吲哚丁酸和不同基质对石蒜鳞片扦插繁殖的影响。结果表明:IBA对于石蒜鳞片扦插繁殖有促进作用,以100 mg/kgIBA处理的繁殖效果最佳;腐殖土对石蒜繁殖有重要作用,将沙和腐殖土按照1∶2混合作为石蒜鳞片扦插的基质效果更好。

植物体中的吲哚丁酸(IBA)

吲哚丁酸（ＩＢＡ）是植物体内天然存在的一种生长素，具有比吲哚乙酸（ＩＡＡ）更好的促进生根能力，本文对ＩＢＡ在植物体内的生物合成、代谢和极性运输等方面作一介绍。

不同浓度IBA处理对菊花水插生长的影响

[目的]为菊花简便繁殖提供参考。[方法]取菊花不同生长时期的健壮枝条,插穗用高锰酸钾溶液消毒及吲哚-3-丁酸处理后进行水插培养,研究处理后插穗的生长情况。[结果]4月20日扦插比4月9日扦插的整体成活率高61%。经过消毒处理的插穗比未经消毒处理的插穗成活率高30%,4月9日经过200 mg/L IBA处理12 h的插穗全部死亡,100 mg/L IBA处理12 h的插穗成活率也偏低,4月20日相同激素处理6 h,成活率显著提高。100 mg/L IBA处理的插穗生根数明显高于其他处理组。200 mg/L IBA处理的插穗生根数也略高于未经过激素处理的。[结论]采用4月下旬的插穗,消毒后用100 mg/L IBA处理,可提高扦插成活率。

外源Ca^2＋和IBA对NaCl胁迫下能源植物杂交狼尾草幼苗生长的影响

以能源植物杂交狼尾草(Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum)为实验材料,在NaCl胁迫条件下用外源IBA(100 mg/L),CaCl_2(浓度分别为0、1、2、5 mmol/L)处理杂交狼尾草幼苗,处理3周后测定植物的存活率、鲜重、干重、株高、生根数和地上部分、地下部分的离子含量。结果表明,经过IBA溶液预处理的杂交狼尾草幼苗的存活率、鲜重、干重、株高、生根数明显高于未处理的幼苗;在NaCl胁迫下,随着外源Ca^(2+)浓度的升高,杂交狼尾草幼苗的存活率、鲜重、干重、株高、生根数以及Ca^(2+)含量都明显升高并在CaCl_2浓度为2 mmol/L时达到最大值;随着外源Ca^(2+)浓度的升高,Na^+含量、Na^+/K^+降低,当CaCl_2的浓度为2mmol/L时,Na^+含量、Na^+/K^+最低。以上结果表明外源Ca^(2+)和IBA对NaCl胁迫下杂交狼尾草幼苗生长有促进作用,可以缓解NaCl胁迫对杂交狼尾草幼苗生长的抑制作用,提高杂交狼尾草幼苗在NaCl胁迫下的成活率;缓解盐害的最适的Ca^(2+)浓度为2mmol/L。

不同浓度IBA及浸泡时间对金钱草水插生根的影响

目的:探讨不同浓度IBA(吲哚丁酸)及浸泡时间对药用植物金钱草水插生根的影响,为其繁殖栽培提供理论和实践依据。方法:以金钱草的老熟茎段作插穗,在0(清水对照)、20、40、60 mg·L^(-1)IBA溶液中将插穗浸泡3、6、9、12 h后进行水插,观测其生根的各项指标。结果:IBA对金钱草插穗生根有明显促进作用,且以40 mg·L^(-1)IBA浸泡9 h的插穗生根指标最高,生根率达到100%,不定根数7.9条,不定根长49.7 mm,侧根数3.3条,根系发育指数达到43.2。结论:促进金钱草水插生根的最佳IBA浓度为40 mg·L^(-1),最佳插穗浸泡时间为9 h。

IBA浓度对马铃薯大西洋和Bora组培苗生根移栽的影响

研究了不同浓度的IBA对马铃薯大西洋和Bora组培苗生根和移栽成活率的影响。结果表明:诱导大西洋生根的最低培养基为1/2 MS+0.4 mg/L IBA,诱导Bora生根的最低培养基为1/2 MS+0.6 mg/L IBA;两者的最高移栽成活率分别为87.61%和93.58%,诱导此成活率的IBA浓度均为0.6 mg/L。

不同IBA浓度对香花油茶全光照间歇喷雾扦插的影响

通过使用不同浓度3-吲哚丁酸(IBA)处理插条对香花油茶(C.osmantha Ye CX,Ma JL et Ye H)全光照歇喷雾扦插方法进行了研究。结果表明:用浓度高于1 000 mg/L的IBA速蘸处理香花油茶插条能有效的促进插条生根,当浓度在1 500～3 000 mg/L生根率较高,超过90%。生产上香花油茶全光照间歇喷雾扦插繁殖IBA的使用以1 500 mg/L速蘸10 s为宜。

6-BA和IBA浓度对不同基因型大豆胚尖诱导丛生芽的影响

以吉林17,吉林27,吉林28和吉林29共4种大豆基因型胚尖为外植体诱导丛生芽,研究了不同浓度的六苄基嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)对胚尖再生率的影响。结果表明:不同基因型大豆在不同激素浓度配比下再生率存在明显差异。吉林28和吉林29更适合大豆胚尖再生系统,其最佳激素配比均为2.0 mg.L-16-BA+0.2 mg.L-1IBA,再生率为分别达78.17%和80.04%。

IBA对月季切花‘黑魔术’保鲜效应的影响

为探究外源吲哚丁酸(IBA)对月季鲜切花的保鲜效应,采用蔗糖+水杨酸(SA)为基础保鲜液,分别添加不同浓度梯度的IBA,对月季‘黑魔术’鲜切花进行瓶插保鲜处理,观察分析鲜切花的各项生理指标.结果表明:保鲜处理12 d后,不同浓度IBA对鲜切花的生长和品质产生了不同的影响.IBA质量浓度为250 mg∙L^(-1)的保鲜液处理组,鲜切花完全萎蔫,丧失观赏价值.IBA质量浓度为500 mg∙L^(-1)的保鲜液处理组中,鲜切花能维持较好的花瓣形态,花朵于第6 d进入盛花期,绽放冠幅达8 cm,且最终花瓣萎蔫率仅为24.3%.同时,该处理组较其他组生理状态更佳,水分平衡值和鲜重维持在较好的水平,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性提高,花瓣中蔗糖含量显著高于其他处理组.进一步分析影响花瓣脱落相关基因的表达,其中RcSUC2,RcARF7因外源施加了蔗糖和生长素,导致体内基因表达相对于对照组显著降低,而乙烯与生长素的拮抗作用也使得RcETR1的表达显著降低.基于上述研究结果,筛选获得对月季‘黑魔术’鲜切花保鲜效果最佳的保鲜液配方.研究结果为月季切花保鲜应用提供了理论依据和技术参考.

吲哚丁酸(IBA)纳米制剂对挪威槭绿枝扦插生根的影响

为提高挪威槭的繁殖效率，缩短其繁殖周期，以挪威槭1a生半木质化绿枝为材料，对其进行扦插试验，研究不同浓度的吲哚丁酸（IBA）原剂和吲哚丁酸（IBA）纳米制剂对挪威槭扦插成活率、生根率、平均根数、平均根长等指标的影响。结果表明：以浓度为150mg／L吲哚丁酸（IBA）纳米制剂处理的插穗生根效果最好。

Low temperature,IBA concentrations and optimal time for adventitious rooting of Eucalyptus benthamii mini-cuttings

Eucalyptus benthamii is a forest species of economic interest that has difficulty with seed production and also is considered to have difficulty with adventitious rooting using propagation techniques, such as cutting or mini-cutting. We aimed to assess the adventitious rooting percentage under different storage times in low temperatures and at various IBA （indole-3-butyric acid） concentrations to determine the optimal time of permanence for rooting Eucalyptus benthamii minicuttings in a greenhouse. Shoots collected from mini-stumps cultivated in a semi-hydroponic system were used to obtain the mini-cuttings. For the first experiment, the mini-cuttings were stored at 4℃ for 0 （immediate planting）, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h. The second experiment evaluated the rooting dynamic to determine the optimal time of permanence for minicuttings in a greenhouse. The basal region of the mini-cutting was treated with various IBA solutions： 0 （free of IBA）, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 and 4,000 mg.L^-1. Every seven days （0 （immediate planting）, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days）, destructive sampling of the mini-cuttings was performed to evaluate the histology of the adventitious rooting. Eucalyptus benthamii minicuttings should be rooted immediately after the collection of the shoots. The 2,000 mg.L^-1 IBA concentration induced a greater speed and percentage of adventitious rooting, and an interval of 35 to 42 days was indicated for permanence of the mini-cuttings in the greenhouse. Expo- sure to low temperature induced adventitious root formation with diffuse vascular connections.

Asc和IBA对糯米糍荔枝不同批次花粉萌发和生长的影响

【目的】了解抗坏血酸(Asc)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)对糯米糍荔枝(Litch chinensis Sonn.)花粉萌发和生长的影响,为荔枝高产栽培提供参考依据。【方法】在基本培养基中分别添加不同浓度Asc和IBA培养糯米糍荔枝不同批次开花的花粉,统计分析其萌发率和花粉管长度。【结果】添加10.0~40.0、5.0~40.0和20.0~30.0 mg/L Asc可分别显著促进糯米糍荔枝第一、第二和第三批次花粉萌发和生长(P<0.05,下同),其中,以20.0、5.0和30.0 mg/L Asc对应处理的糯米糍荔枝第一、第二和第三批次花粉萌发率最高,30.0、10.0和20.0 mg/L Asc对应处理的糯米糍荔枝第一、第二和第三批次花粉的花粉管最长;添加20.0和30.0 mg/L Asc均可促进糯米糍荔枝各批次花粉萌发和花粉管生长。添加2.5~20.0、2.5~5.0和2.5~20.0 mg/L IBA可分别显著促进糯米糍荔枝第一、第二和第三批次花粉萌发和生长,其中,20.0、2.5和15.0 mg/L IBA对应处理的糯米糍荔枝第一、第二和第三批次花粉萌发率最高,10.0、5.0和10.0 mg/L IBA对应处理的糯米糍荔枝第一、第二和第三批次花粉的花粉管最长;添加2.5和5.0 mg/L IBA均可促进糯米糍荔枝各批次花粉萌发和花粉管生长。相关性分析结果表明,糯米糍荔枝第一和第二批次花粉的萌发率与花粉管长度呈显著正相关。【结论】Asc和IBA促进糯米糍荔枝不同批次花粉萌发和花粉管生长的最佳浓度存在差异,生产上在糯米糍荔枝第二批次花开放前或开放时施用5.0~10.0 mg/L Asc或2.5~5.0 mg/L IBA均可促进其授粉受精,保障丰产稳产。