Inter-satellite Link Topology Design and Relative Navigation for Satellite Clusters

A distributed relative navigation approach via inter-satellite sensing and communication for satellite clusters is proposed. The inter-satellite link(ISL)is used for ranging and exchanging data for the relative navigation,which can improve the autonomy of the satellite cluster. The ISL topology design problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem where the energy consumption and the navigation performance are considered. Further,the relative navigation is performed in a distributed fashion,where each satellite in the cluster makes observations and communicates with its neighbors via the ISL locally such that the transmission consumption and the computational complexity for the navigation are reduced. The ISL topology optimization problem is solved via the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm,and the consensus Kalman filter is used for the distributed relative navigation. The proposed approach is flexible to varying tasks,with satellites joining or leaving the cluster anytime,and is robust to the failure of an individual satellite. Numerical simulations are presented to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Data-Driven Heuristic Assisted Memetic Algorithm for Efficient Inter-Satellite Link Scheduling in the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System

Inter-satellite link(ISL)scheduling is required by the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)to guarantee the system ranging and communication performance.In the BDS,a great number of ISL scheduling instances must be addressed every day,which will certainly spend a lot of time via normal metaheuristics and hardly meet the quick-response requirements that often occur in real-world applications.To address the dual requirements of normal and quick-response ISL schedulings,a data-driven heuristic assisted memetic algorithm(DHMA)is proposed in this paper,which includes a high-performance memetic algorithm(MA)and a data-driven heuristic.In normal situations,the high-performance MA that hybridizes parallelism,competition,and evolution strategies is performed for high-quality ISL scheduling solutions over time.When in quick-response situations,the data-driven heuristic is performed to quickly schedule high-probability ISLs according to a prediction model,which is trained from the high-quality MA solutions.The main idea of the DHMA is to address normal and quick-response schedulings separately,while high-quality normal scheduling data are trained for quick-response use.In addition,this paper also presents an easy-to-understand ISL scheduling model and its NP-completeness.A seven-day experimental study with 10080 one-minute ISL scheduling instances shows the efficient performance of the DHMA in addressing the ISL scheduling in normal(in 84 hours)and quick-response(in 0.62 hour)situations,which can well meet the dual scheduling requirements in real-world BDS applications.

Dynamic Characteristics of Inter-Satellite Links in LEO Networks

To establish an efficient inter-satellite link (ISL) in an LEO network, the effect of geometric characteristics of ISL on the ISLs and the devices on the LEO satellite should be examined. Because of the continuous movement of the LEO satellite, the time-varying behaviours of the ISL's geometric charactersistics continuously change with the changes of the satellite's position on the orbit. These dynamic geometric characteristics of the ISLs are important for ISL's performance analyzing and the design of the devices on the LEO satellite. This paper describes dynamic geometric characteristics of ISL, analyzes the impact of these regulations on the tracking system of the satellite's antenna and the power adjusting system of the satellite's transmitter, with the Iridium system as an example.

Enhanced Mechanism for Link Failure Rerouting in Software-Defined Exchange Point Networks

Internet Exchange Point(IXP)is a system that increases network bandwidth performance.Internet exchange points facilitate interconnection among network providers,including Internet Service Providers(ISPs)andContent Delivery Providers(CDNs).To improve service management,Internet exchange point providers have adopted the Software Defined Network(SDN)paradigm.This implementation is known as a Software-Defined Exchange Point(SDX).It improves network providers’operations and management.However,performance issues still exist,particularly with multi-hop topologies.These issues include switch memory costs,packet processing latency,and link failure recovery delays.The paper proposes Enhanced Link Failure Rerouting(ELFR),an improved mechanism for rerouting link failures in software-defined exchange point networks.The proposed mechanism aims to minimize packet processing time for fast link failure recovery and enhance path calculation efficiency while reducing switch storage overhead by exploiting the Programming Protocol-independent Packet Processors(P4)features.The paper presents the proposed mechanisms’efficiency by utilizing advanced algorithms and demonstrating improved performance in packet processing speed,path calculation effectiveness,and switch storage management compared to current mechanisms.The proposed mechanism shows significant improvements,leading to a 37.5%decrease in Recovery Time(RT)and a 33.33%decrease in both Calculation Time(CT)and Computational Overhead(CO)when compared to current mechanisms.The study highlights the effectiveness and resource efficiency of the proposed mechanism in effectively resolving crucial issues inmulti-hop software-defined exchange point networks.

Adaptive frame length algorithm for inter-satellite links

In view of the low ranging efficiency of the conventional fixed frame-length algorithm in the inter-satellite link,an adaptive frame-length algorithm is proposed. The frame length is adjusted adaptively according to the results of ranging and velocity measuring to improve ranging efficiency. Buffers which enable the frame length to be selected discretely and adaptively are introduced to avoid frequent hopping of the frame-length.Frame length marker is created to automatically identify the frame-length for frame synchronization procedures in receivers. The feasibility and the validity of the proposed algorithm to improve the efficiency of ranging are verified through both theoretic analysis and simulation,and the efficiency improves up to 88% when there are five buffers. This improvement can be further enhanced by increasing the number of buffers. Proper allocation of inter-satellite buffers is required to make a balance between the ranging efficiency and the system complexity.

Impacts of inter-satellite links on the ECOM model performance for BDS-3 MEO satellites

Inter-satellite link(ISL)plays an essential role in current and future Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS).In this study,we investigate the impact of ISL observations on precise orbit determination for BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System(BDS-3)Medium Earth Orbit(MEO)satellites based on different Extended CODE Orbit Models(ECOM).Thanks to the better observation geometry of the Ka-band ISL data compared to the L-band data for BDS-3 MEO satellites,the ISL solution substantially reduces Orbit Boundary Discontinuity(OBD)errors,except for C30,which suffers from unstable Ka-band hardware delay.From the external quality analysis,ISL significantly enhances the reliability of the orbit of MEO satellites manufactured by the China Academy of Space Technology(CAST).The standard deviation(STD)of the satellite laser ranging(SLR)residuals is approximately 2.5 cm,and the root mean square(RMS)is reduced by 10–23%compared to L-band solutions.Besides,the Sun-elongation angle dependent systematic error in SLR residuals nearly vanishes based on the reduced 5-parameter ECOM(ECOM1)or extended 7-parameter ECOM(ECOM2)with ISL data.This is because the ISL reduces the correlation between state parameters and solar radiation pressure(SRP)parameters as well as those among SRP parameters,leading to a more accurate estimation of both orbit and SRP perturbations,particularly those along B direction.This confirms that the deficiency of the SRP models for BDS-3 CAST satellites can be compensated by using better observation geometry from ISL data.On the other hand,for the satellite manufactured by Shanghai Engineering Center for Microsatellites(SECM),the ISL allows for a more accurate estimation of the Bc_(1)parameter in the ECOM1 model.This only reduces linear systematic error,possibly because the impact generated by the satellite bus cannot be entirely absorbed by the B-direction parameters.

A distributed routing algorithm based-on simplified topology in LEO satellite networks

In this paper, a distributed muting strategy based on simplified topology （DRBST） was proposed for LEO satellite networks. The topology of LEO satellite networks was simplified aiming at minimizing intersatellite links handover number. To optimize the route based on the simplified topology, we considered not only the transmission delay but also the queuing delay and the processing delay, which were analyzed using Markov chain and determined using a novel methodology. The DRBST algorithm was simulated in a LEO satellite networks model built using OPNET. The simulation results demonstrate that the low complexity DRBST algorithm can guarantee end-to-end delay bound. Moreover, the muting protocol cost is much less than traditional algorithms.

Evaluating the Topology Coverage of BGP Monitors

BGP monitors are currently the main data resource of AS-level topology measurement,and the integrity of measurement result is limited to the location of such BGP monitors.However,there is currently no work to conduct a comprehensive study of the range of measurement results for a single BGP monitor.In this paper,we take the first step to describe the observed topology of each BGP monitor.To that end,we first investigate the construction and theoretical up-limit of the measured topology of a BGP monitor based on the valley-free model,then we evaluate the individual parts of the measured topology by comparing such theoretical results with the actually observed data.We find that:1)for more than 90%of the monitors,the actually observed peer-peer links merely takes a small part of all theoretical visible links;2)increasing the BGP monitors in the same AS may improve the measurement result,but with limited improvement;and 3)deploying multiple BGP monitors in different ASs can significantly improve the measurement results,but non-local BGP monitors can hardly replace the local AS BGP monitors.We also propose a metric for monitor selection optimization,and prove its effectiveness with experiment evaluation.

Resources Allocation and Failures in Step Topology under Distributed Computing System

In the past years, distributed computing is gaining the popularity due to reduction in execution time and low cost involvement. On the basis of this, Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is also increasing worldwide with major advantage that it has no involvement of wire and transfer of data can be done by the virtual paths if the existing path is congested. In the present work, MANET is considered in the form of step topology which consists of heterogeneous collection of the devices. The work demonstrates the resources allocation for execution of tasks and it consists of selection of right path if the link failures and by pass link failures. It also consists of the resource management over the new proposed step topology. Entire work is modeled with the help of well known modeling language known as Unified Modeling Language (UML) and model demonstrates the resources allocation for execution of the tasks.

Observation of Topological Links Associated with Hopf Insulators in a Solid-State Quantum Simulator

Hopf insulators are intriguing three-dimensional topological insulators characterized by an integer topological invariant. They originate from the mathematical theory of Hopf fibration and epitomize the deep connection between knot theory and topological phases of matter, which distinguishes them from other classes of topological insulators. Here, we implement a model Hamiltonian for Hopf insulators in a solid-state quantum simulator and report the first experimental observation of their topological properties, including nontrivial topological links associated with the Hopf fibration and the integer-valued topological invariant obtained from a direct tomographic measurement. Our observation of topological links and Hopf fibration in a quantum simulator opens the door to probe rich topological properties of Hopf insulators in experiments. The quantum simulation and probing methods are also applicable to the study of other intricate three-dimensional topological model Hamiltonians.

An RVT-based power allocation method for dynamic LEO-MEO links

Optimizing the power resources allocation method of low earth orbit(LEO)satellites to medium earth orbit(MEO)satellite'links is a significant way to construct efficient satellite constellations for satellite communication.A game theory power allocation method based on remaining visible time(RVT)of LEO-MEO satellites is proposed.Firstly,one LEO-MEO satellite network is classified as a cluster in which the RVT of LEO satellites is modeled.Secondly,the cost function of RVT concerning the character of orbit and throughput in each LEO satellite is mainly designed,which gives greater punishment of utility value to LEO satellites with less RVT and is an essential part of the reasonable utility function applied in diverse motion scenes.Meanwhile,the existence of Nash equilibrium for the proposed utility function in game theory area is proved.Thirdly,an off-cluster scheme for LEO satellites through the proposed threshold is raised to ensure the overall utility value of the whole LEO satellites in cluster.Finally,the performance improvement of the proposed algorithm to the baseline algorithm is verified through simulations in different scenarios.

基于离散时间量子漫步的链路预测算法

量子漫步算法能模拟游走粒子在图上的量子相干演化,粒子的运动状态由量子态的相干叠加而成.与经典随机游走算法相比,量子漫步算法具有寻找目标节点时间少和源节点扩散至其他节点时间少的优点.提出一种基于离散时间量子漫步的链路预测(link predictionbased on discrete time quantum walk,简称LP-DTQW)算法.研究结果表明:相对于其他7种算法,LP-DTQW算法有更高的预测精度;LP-DTQW算法的时间复杂度远低于经典RWR(random walk with restart)链路预测算法的时间复杂度.因此,LP-DTQW算法具有更强的预测性能.

基于节点交互度的社会网络链路预测

链路预测是通过已知的网络拓扑和节点属性挖掘未来时刻节点潜在关系的重要手段,是预测缺失链路和识别虚假链路的有效方法,在研究社会网络结构演化中具有现实意义.传统的链路预测方法基于节点信息或路径信息相似性进行预测,然而,前者考虑指标单一导致预测精度受限,后者由于计算复杂度过高不适合在规模较大网络中应用.通过对网络拓扑结构的分析,本文提出一种基于节点交互度(interacting degree of nodes,IDN)的社会网络链路预测方法.该方法首先根据网络中节点间的路径特征,引入了节点效率的概念,从而提高对于没有公共邻居节点之间链路预测的准确性;为了进一步挖掘节点间共同邻居的相关属性,借助分析节点间共同邻居的拓扑结构,该方法还创新性地整合了路径特征和局部信息,提出了社会网络节点交互度的定义,准确刻画出节点间的相似度,从而增强网络链路的预测能力;最后,本文借助6个真实网络数据集对IDN方法进行验证,实验结果表明,相比于目前的主流算法,本文提出的方法在AUC和Precision两个评价指标上均表现出更优的预测性能,预测结果平均分别提升22%和54%.因此节点交互度的提出在链路预测方面具有很高的可行性和有效性.

基于SCL-CMM模型的超网络链路预测方法

图为建模现实系统的内在交互提供了一种有效的方式,但却无法显示捕获的多个实体之间广泛存在的高阶异质性,超图则可以很好地突破低阶关系的限制。超网络的链路预测就是根据观测到的超图结构来预测未知的超链路,因其可以充分地刻画复杂系统的关联模式而成为网络科学中的热点问题。现有的方法通常针对整个拓扑结构设计推理模型,忽略了网络中隐含的聚集特性,导致预测的超链路类别不全面。针对上述问题,提出了基于超图谱聚类解析器的协调矩阵最小化(coordination matrix minimization based on hyper graph spectral clustering parser,SCL-CMM)模型的超网络链路预测方法。该方法将高阶超网络映射到具有一定语义的异质超图上,然后利用谱聚类解析器来提取超链路的结构特征,将原始超图重构为多个同质子图,进而在子图的观测空间而不是整个网络的邻接空间推断潜在超链路的分布情况,还原完整的超网络结构。该方法联合学习超网络的结构特征与集聚属性来建模各个子图的高阶非线性行为,解决了异构超图链路预测类别单一、精度低的问题。在9个真实数据集上进行了大量的对比实验表明,该方法在AUC(area under curve)评分和召回率方面都显著优于现有方法。

基于度中心性的AFDX网络拓扑优化

随着航空技术的飞速发展,航空电子全双工交换以太网(AFDX)取代了传统航电传输总线标准,成为新一代机载设备网络。针对目前航电网络的带宽资源分配不均的问题,提出了一种基于度中心性理论的AFDX网络拓扑优化算法,并依据某型号真实网络拓扑中终端之间的虚拟链路关系对其进行了仿真和实验。通过将带宽资源占用率较高的终端调整至一个交换机,使目标交换机级联带宽降低了11.7%和9.72%;并通过基于OPNET的全数字仿真平台对本算法进行了仿真验证,全网交换机带宽占用率均有不同程度的降低。结果表明,上述方法能够对网络拓扑架构进行优化,不仅能够解决飞机网络局部带宽分配不足的问题,同时能够优化网络性能,具有重要的工程实践意义。

基于特征学习的链路预测模型TNTlink

在合作作者网络中,链路预测可以预测当前网络中缺失的链接,以及新的或已解散的链接,根据网络中观测到的信息来推断两位作者在不久的将来是否会产生合作,对于挖掘和分析网络的演化、重塑网络模型具有重要意义。链路预测是计算机科学和物理学的重要研究方向,对此已有较深入的研究,其主要研究思路是基于马尔可夫链、机器学习和无监督的学习。然而,这些工作大多只使用单一的特征,即基于网络拓扑特征或者属性特征进行预测,很少将这些跨学科的特征组合考虑,结合多学科特征进行链路预测的研究非常少。文中设计开发了TNTlink模型,该模型结合网络拓扑特征、基本特征和附加特征,并结合物理学和计算机科学的领域知识,利用深度神经网络将这些特征集成到一个深度学习框架中,其在解决链路预测问题时取得了不错的效果。文中使用了5个数据集(ca-AstroPh,ca-CondMat,ca-GrQc,ca-HepPh和ca-HepTh),包含69032个节点和450617条边,从捕获的信息中利用二进制相似度和模糊余弦相似度计算和识别特征。如果节点在这些特征中表现出更多的相似性(如相似的节点、相同的关键字或彼此之间密切的关系),则两个节点间更有可能生成链接。除了考虑节点的特征外,还考虑了节点重要性对链路形成的影响,进而提出了一种新的链路预测指标MI,以区分强影响和弱影响,对节点的重要影响进行建模。将所提模型与主流分类器在5个数据集上进行比较,结果表明MI和TNTlink有效地提高了链路预测的AUC值。

基于拓扑优化和链路感知的无线体域网路由协议

为解决无线体域网(Wireless Body Area Networks,WBAN)在人体运动过程中网络拓扑结构频繁变化导致链路质量和WBAN性能下降等问题,首先根据人体结构对WBAN网络拓扑进行优化,通过添加中继节点建立WBAN主干网,提供节点和hub之间相对稳定的链接,然后提出了适用于WBAN拓扑优化后的路由策略(Routing Protocol Based on Topology Optimization and Link Awareness,R-TOLA)。R-TOLA综合了链路质量感知和代价函数,通过调整主干网中继和节点中继获得最优化路径。仿真实验表明,基于拓扑结构优化和链路感知的R-TOLA协议和其他路由协议相比,在人体拓扑网络结构频繁变化的环境下具有网络生存时间更长、吞吐量更大等优势。

What Can Topology Bring to Chemistry?

The unique mathematical perspectives and principal concepts of topology have not only promoted the development of other branches of mathematics but have also deeply influenced other subjects,particularly physics and chemistry.This minireview aims to elucidate the substantial influence of topology on chemistry by critically examining both the contributions of topology to current chemical science and its potential future impacts.We will discuss the topology of molecular structures and assemblies across various scales—from small molecules and mechanically interlocked molecules to polymers,biomacromolecules,and supramolecular networks.This discussion will include an exploration of cutting-edge techniques for characterizing topological features,underscoring the role of topology as a novel paradigm for the design and synthesis of new molecular assemblies.Furthermore,a critical analysis of topology’s role in the development of functional materials—such as photonic materials,polymers,biomacromolecules,and chiral materials—will demonstrate its emerging significance as a crucial parameter in unveiling novel properties and functionalities.Given topology’s formidable potential,it is anticipated to be used increasingly to address pivotal challenges within chemistry and adjacent disciplines.

煤矿刮板输送机圆环链的优化设计

在对SGZ880/800型刮板输送机主要结构及工作原理进行概述的基础上,利用UG和Workbench软件建立了圆环链的有限元模型。通过分析发现圆环链工作时的应力分布呈现出明显的不均匀性,根据拓扑优化结果可以将圆环链直线段外侧4 mm体积去除。以圆环链的最大应力为优化目标,以两个关键结构尺寸为优化对象开展响应面优化,最大应力降低至375.68 MPa,与原结构相比降低幅度为6.09%,质量也降低了10.52%。将新的圆环链结构应用到煤矿实践中,通过8个月的现场应用,技术人员认为使用寿命可以提升20%以上。