Pushover analysis of reinforced concrete frames considering shear failure at beam-column joints

Since most current seismic capacity evaluations of reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures are implemented by either static pushover analysis （PA） or dynamic time history analysis, with diverse settings of the plastic hinges （PHs） on such main structural components as columns, beams and walls, the complex behavior of shear failure at beam-column joints （BCJs） during major earthquakes is commonly neglected. This study proposes new nonlinear PA procedures that consider shear failure at BCJs and seek to assess the actual damage to RC structures. Based on the specifications of FEMA-356, a simplified joint model composed of two nonlinear cross struts placed diagonally over the location of the plastic hinge is established, allowing a sophisticated PA to be performed. To verify the validity of this method, the analytical results for the capacity curves and the failure mechanism derived from three different full-size RC frames are compared with the experimental measurements. By considering shear failure at BCJs, the proposed nonlinear analytical procedures can be used to estimate the structural behavior of RC frames, including seismic capacity and the progressive failure sequence of joints, in a precise and effective manner.

Seismic Behaviour of Beam-Column Joints of Precast and Partial Steel Reinforced Concrete

A beam-column joint of precast and partial steel reinforced concrete( PPSRC) is proposed for precast reinforced concrete frames. The PPSRC consists of partial steel and reinforced concrete. The partial steel is located in the core joint region and the connections between concrete members. This paper presents an experimental study of a series of PPSRC specimens. These specimens are tested under low cyclic loading.Experimental results demonstrate that the bearing capacity of the PPSRC specimens is 3 times that of the ordinary reinforced concrete( RC) beam-column joints. The strength and stiffness degradation rates are slower compared with that of the RC beam-column joints. In addition,the strength of the core joint region and the connections is higher than other parts of the PPSRC specimens. Beam failure occurs firstly for the PPSRC specimens,followed by column failure and connections failure. The failure of the core joint region occurs finally.Test results show that the seismic performance of the PPSRC is better than that of the ordinary RC beam-column joints.

Finite Element Analysis (FEA) for the Beam-Column Joint Subjected to Cyclic Loading Was Performed Using ANSYS

This paper analyses the seismic performance of exterior beam-column joints strengthened with unconventional reinforcement detailing. The beam-column joint specimens were tested with reverse cyclic loading applied at the beam end. The samples were divided into two groups based on the joint reinforcement detailing. The first group (Group A) of three non-ductility specimens had joint detailing in accordance with the construction code of practice in India IS456-2000, and the second group (Group B) of three ductility specimens had joint reinforcement detailed as per IS13920-1993, with similar axial load cases as the first group. The experimental studies are proven with the analytical studies carried out by finite element models using ANSYS. The results show that the hysteresis simulation is satisfactory for both un-strengthened and ferrocement strengthened specimens. Furthermore, when ferrocement strengthening is employed, the strengthened beam-column joints exhibit better structural performance than the un-strengthened specimens of about 31.56% and 38.98 for DD-T1 and DD-T2 respectively. The analytical shear strength predictions were in line with the test results reported in the literature, thus adding confidence to the validity of the proposed models.

Seismic performance of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete composite frame joints

To investigate the seismic performance of a composite frame comprised of steel reinforced ultra high-strength concrete （SRUHSC） columns and steel reinforced concrete （SRC） beams, six interior frame joint specimens were designed and tested under low cyclically lateral load. The effects of the axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio were studied on the characteristics of the frame joint performance including crack pattern, failure mode, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, strength degradation and rigidity degradation. It was found that all joint specimens behaved in a ductile manner with flexural-shear failure in the joint core region while plastic hinges appeared at the beam ends. The ductility and energy absorption capacity of joints increased as the axial load ratio decreased and the volumetric stirIup ratio increased. The displacement ductility coefficient and equivalent damping coefficient of the joints fell between the corresponding coefficients of the steel reinforced concrete （SRC） frame joint and RC frame joint. The axial load ratio and volumetric stirrup ratio have less influence on the strength degradation and more influence on the stiffness degradation. The stiffness of the joint degrades more significantly for a low volumetric stirrup ratio and high axial load ratio. The characteristics obtained from the SRUHSC composite frame joint specimens with better seismic performance may be a useful reference in future engineering applications.

Seismic performance and global ductility of RC frames rehabilitated with retrofi tted joints by CFRP laminates

This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints.

Study on Strengthening of RC Beam Column Joint Using Hybrid FRP Composites

Beam-Column joints are critical zones in reinforced concrete structures which are most vulnerable to earthquake forces. Hence strengthening beam-column joint is vital to save the structure and its inhabitants in case of seismic forces. Numerous retrofitting works using fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are being undertaken worldwide. This work aims to investigate the effectiveness of strengthening beam-column joints using natural and artificial fibres. In this study, basalt (natural fibres) as monolithic composite (BFRP) and as hybrid composite along with glass (artificial fibres) were used for strengthening of beam-column joints. Totally six specimens were prepared and tested under monotonic loading. Specimen details used were: two control specimen, two specimens for monolithic wrapping and remaining two specimens for hybrid wrapping. The test results were compared with control and rehabilitated specimens. The performance of the treated joints was studied using the following parameters: initial and ultimate cracking loads, energy absorption, deflection ductility and stiffness at ultimate. From the test results, it was found that the hybrid combination of Basalt and Glass FRPs were found to be more effective in the treatment of beam-column joints. The strong column weak beam concept was achieved by failure in beam portion which helped in preventing the catastrophic failure of the entire structure.

Investigation of the interior RC beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load

The paper presents numerical findings of reinforced concrete interior beam-column joints under monotonic antisymmetrical load.The finite element models considered compression and tension damage were calibrated by test results in terms of the load-displacement,failure modes,and strains of longitudinal steel.The emphasis was put on studying the effects of hoop reinforcement ratio in joint core and the axial compression ratio on the responses of the joints.The results show that,in addition to the truss and strut-and-tie mechanisms,the confinement mechanism also existed in the joint core.A certain amount of stirrup is not only able to enhance the confinement in joint core,undertake a part of shear force and thus to increase the shear capacity,prevent the outward buckling of steel bars in column,improve the stress distribution in joint core,delay cracking and restrain the propagation of cracks,but also to increase the yield load,decrease the yield displacement of beam and improve the joint ductility.However,excessive horizontal stirrups contribute little to the joint performance.In a certain range,larger axial compression ratio is beneficial for the joint mechanical behavior,while it is negative when axial compression ratio is too large.

预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架梁柱中节点抗震性能试验研究

预制装配式混凝土结构的节点连接方式是目前解决该技术推广的重点问题.提出了预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架结构的概念,即把钢筋混凝土框架结构分解成柱预制构件和梁预制构件两个部分,只在构件连接区和梁柱核心区设置钢骨,钢骨在混凝土构件中不连续,连接区为无筋钢骨混凝土.开展了3个预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土框架中节点试件的低周往复试验,并与两个相同工况的钢筋混凝土框架中节点试件进行了对比.对2种形式5个试件的破坏规律、滞回曲线、承载能力、刚度退化及延性进行了分析,发现预制装配式部分钢骨混凝土试件的承载力是相同配筋的钢筋混凝土试件的3倍,承载力及刚度退化缓慢,延性和耗能能力较好,说明装配式连接节点的设计可靠、抗震性能好,符合强节点、弱构件的抗震设计理念,可用于预制装配式混凝土框架结构的现场装配施工.

低周反复荷载下再生混凝土框架中间节点的受力性能

对足尺的3个再生混凝土框架中间节点与1个普通混凝土节点进行低周反复荷载试验,主要目的为考查在低轴压比情况下再生混凝土节点发生粘结滑移破坏的可能性。各试件符合"强柱弱梁、强节点"的设计原则。结果表明,在低轴压比情况下,再生混凝土节点试件发生显著的粘结滑移,延性性能和耗能性能差,不能满足抗震设计的要求,而相应的普通混凝土节点实现了梁铰破坏机制,延性和耗能性能良好。为获得良好的抗震性能,应对再生混凝土节点区锚固进行合理设计,如采用可靠的机械锚固措施,建议进一步开展再生混凝土框架节点区粘结机理和锚固措施研究。

不同强度混凝土梁柱节点承载性能研究

为了保证高层建筑混凝土梁柱节点核心区强度和承载性能,研究参考国内外经验数据,提出相应的方法,其中柱采用强度等级较高的混凝土,梁和节点区采用强度等级较低的混凝土,2个试件节点区采用角钢笼加强,并结合现行混凝土规范,论述了4个梁柱节点试件的试验结论,提出了梁柱节点的设计建议。

钢筋混凝土框架结构梁柱中节点动态力学性能试验研究

受材料率敏感性的影响,钢筋混凝土构件具有率敏感效应,其受力性能在不同应变率水平下均有所不同。以往的研究多数集中于混凝土和钢筋材料率效应的研究,有关梁柱节点试件快速加载下的研究相对较少。研究了15个梁柱中节点在不同轴压比下的动态力学性能。运用二项式逻辑回归模型,预测了梁柱节点组合体的破坏形式,发现:随着应变率的提高,节点组合体内的裂缝数量不断减少,更倾向于单一主裂缝破坏;轴压比增大后,节点核心区的剪切变形以及斜裂缝与竖向轴力的夹角减小,应变率或轴压比增大后,节点组合体严重损伤部分发生转移;应变率的提高,对钢筋黏结强度起不利影响,钢筋滑移量随应变率的提高而增大。对比不同规范对节点抗剪承载力的计算公式发现,ASCE SEI 41-06规定的节点剪切强度因子偏高,ACI 352R-02规定的节点剪切强度因子较为合理,但ASCE SEI 41-06和ACI 352R-02都没有考虑轴压比对节点抗剪承载力的影响,相比之下GB50010-2010考虑了轴压比的影响,计算结果更合理。在拟静态设计公式中采用材料动态强度的方法计算其承载力,往往会过高估计梁柱节点的抗剪承载力,是偏于不安全的。通过多元线性回归分析,得到了不同应变率及轴压比下节点水平抗剪承载力增大系数的经验方程。

应变率对钢筋混凝土梁柱中节点动态性能影响的试验研究

受材料率敏感性的影响,钢筋混凝土构件具有率敏感效应。对三个钢筋混凝土梁柱中节点组合体抗震性能试验,采用位移控制方式加载,研究节点组合体裂缝发展、承载能力、变形能力等随加载速率的影响规律。研究结果表明:不同应变率作用下,节点组合体均发生弯剪破坏,但应变率提高后,节点组合体内的裂缝数量减少,裂缝分布更集中;节点组合体承载能力随应变率的提高而增大,受钢筋动态强度的影响,节点组合体屈服荷载较极限荷载增长更明显;相对低应变率作用,高应变率作用下节点组合体在破坏前的耗能增加;应变率提高后,节点组合体的刚度增大,但由于惯性力的影响,超过一定范围后,其刚度退化加剧,应变率提高对试件的刚度有不利影响;应变率提高后,黏结滑移更明显,但节点组合体的变形能力没有减弱。

剪压比影响下配置HRB500E钢筋梁柱节点试验研究

由于高性能钢筋(HRB500E)具有良好的延性性能和抗震性能,本文拟对配置HRB500E钢筋混凝土梁柱中间节点的抗震性能进行相关研究。通过对3个梁柱中间节点足尺试件进行拟静力加载试验,研究剪压比对梁柱中间节点破坏模式、滞回特征和延性性能的影响。试验结果表明,配置HRB500E钢筋混凝土梁柱中间节点具有良好的抗震性能。随着剪压比的增加,试件的破坏模式发生转变,即由梁端弯曲破坏变为节点核心区剪切破坏;试件的滞回曲线所包围的面积明显增加,并且在加载后期时,试件滞回环的峰值荷载退化变快。同时,随着剪压比的增大,试件的梁屈服荷载和最大荷载显著增大;试件的梁屈服位移也逐渐增大,而屈服位移的增大引起了梁柱中间节点延性系数的减小。

掺复合镍铁渣混凝土梁柱中节点变形特性

针对掺复合镍铁渣混凝土与水平钢筋的粘结强度弱于普通混凝土的情况,基于试验研究复合镍铁渣混凝土梁柱中节点的变形特性.节点变形主要归结为附属梁体的弯曲变形和梁纵筋滑移引起的梁柱界面附加转角变形.从试验现象来看,梁体的弯曲变形并不明显,而梁柱界面附加转角变形明显.采用数值方法分析了不同复合镍铁渣掺量下梁柱界面附加转角变形值,研究表明,随着复合镍铁渣掺量的增加,梁柱界面附加转角增加,占整体变形较大比例.为此提出了梁端等效塑性铰模型,确定塑性铰长度与梁长、复合镍铁渣掺量、梁纵筋直径之间的关系,用于评估复合镍铁渣混凝土梁柱中节点的极限变形能力.

简化的软化桁架模型在钢筋混凝土梁柱内节点设计中的应用

简化的软化桁架模型源于拉压杆的概念,满足带裂缝混凝土的平衡条件、相容条件和本构关系。文中用简化的软化桁架模型对钢筋混凝土梁柱内节点进行抗剪强度分析,提出了用简化的软化桁架模型设计钢筋混凝土梁柱内节点的步骤。同时,通过对一个钢筋混凝土梁柱内节点的验算,证明了所提出模型的有效性和可行性。

钢筋混凝土框架异型中节点抗裂性能试验研究

通过6个钢筋混凝土框架异型中节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的试验研究，分析了节点核心区尺寸、轴压比等因素对异型节点抗裂性能的影响。研究表明，异型节点初裂时斜裂缝主要出现在由小梁和上柱构成的小核心区，核心区开裂荷载约为50％～60％极限荷载，抗裂性能较常规节点劣化，初裂阶段的剪力基本由小核心区混凝土承担，合理增大轴压比可以提高异型节点的抗裂承载能力。异型中节点由于大小梁刚度不同，反复荷载下柱端轴压力会发生波动。通过理论分析推导出柱端轴压力影响系数“的计算表达式，在此基础上提出包含系数α的异型中节点抗裂承载力计算公式，并通过国内外12个异型节点试件的19组试验数据对其进行验证，吻合良好。

RC框架变梁变柱中节点抗裂性能试验

为了研究RC框架变梁变柱中节点的抗裂性能，进行了6个变梁变柱中节点试件在低周反复荷载作用下的拟静力试验，分析了节点核心区尺寸、轴压比等因素对异型中节点抗裂性能的影响。研究结果表明：异型节点初裂时斜裂缝主要出现在由小梁和上柱构成的小核心区，小核心区开裂荷载为极限荷载的50％～60％；抗裂性能较常规节点劣化，初裂阶段的剪力基本由小核心区混凝土承担，增大轴压比可以提高异型中节点的抗裂承载能力。提出的变梁变柱中节点抗裂承载力计算公式，可供结构工程设计时参考。

RC框架节点核芯区剪切破坏——抗震性能试验

通过2个梁端屈服后节点核芯区剪切破坏框架节点在低周反复荷载下的加载试验,研究了节点的破坏形态、承载能力、滞回特性和耗能能力。结果表明:节点经历了核芯区开裂、梁端屈服、核芯区通裂、剪切极限直至破坏的过程;在极限荷载时,节点核芯区剪切变形引起的梁端位移占梁端总位移的比例约30%;构件具有较强的耗能能力和变形能力,具有良好的抗震性能。

钢骨及纤维增强混凝土异形柱中节点滞回性能

通过进行往复荷载作用下的T形钢骨、槽型钢骨、聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维增强的混凝土异形柱中节点试验研究,分析不同改善措施对混凝土异形柱中节点滞回性能影响。研究结果表明:在混凝土异形柱中节点核心区加入T形钢骨、槽型钢骨或掺入聚丙烯纤维、钢纤维均能使混凝土异形柱中节点的承载能力得到提高,使中节点的滞回特性得到改善。四种改善措施均能提高混凝土异形柱中节点受剪承载力,其中加入钢骨对提高混凝土异形柱节点的受剪承载力效果优于加入纤维的。

梁高不等的混凝土中柱节点抗震性能

通过4个1/3比例变梁中节点试件的拟静力试验,分析了轴压比、配箍率等参数对该类异型节点抗震性能的影响;在试验研究的基础上,结合异型中节点左右梁高不等的特性,提出了等效斜压杆破坏机理。结果表明:异型节点通裂荷载与极限荷载接近,初裂出现在小梁上柱组成的小核心区,最终破坏区域主要发生在大梁下柱组成的大核心区;轴压比变化对异型节点抗震性能的影响不显著,增加核心区配箍率则可以增大节点组合体剪力,减小核心区裂缝间距和宽度,从而改善异型节点的抗震性能。