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International non-governmental organizations’provision of communitybased tuberculosis care for hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,2013-2014
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作者 Kyaw Thu Soe Saw Saw +6 位作者 Johan van Griensven Shuisen Zhou Le Win Palanivel Chinnakali Safieh Shah Myo Myo Mon Si Thu Aung 《Infectious Diseases of Poverty》 SCIE 2017年第1期598-604,共7页
Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required... Background:National tuberculosis(TB)programs increasingly engage with international non-governmental organizations(INGOs),especially to provide TB care in complex settings where community involvement might be required.In Myanmar,however,there is limited data on how such INGO community-based programs are organized and how effective they are.In this study,we describe four INGO strategies for providing community-based TB care to hard-to-reach populations in Myanmar,and assess their contribution to TB case detection.Methods:We conducted a descriptive study using program data from four INGOs and the National TB Program(NTP)in 2013-2014.For each INGO,we extracted information on its approach and key activities,the number of presumptive TB cases referred and undergoing TB testing,and the number of patients diagnosed with TB and their treatment outcomes.The contribution of INGOs to TB diagnosis in their selected townships was calculated as the proportion of INGO-diagnosed new TB cases out of the total NTP-diagnosed new TB cases in the same townships.Results:All four INGOs implemented community-based TB care in challenging contexts,targeting migrants,post-conflict areas,the urban poor,and other vulnerable populations.Two recruited community volunteers via existing community health volunteers or health structures,one via existing community leaderships,and one directly involved TB infected/affected individuals.Two INGOs compensated volunteers via performance-based financing,and two provided financial and in-kind initiatives.All relied on NTP laboratories for diagnosis and TB drugs,but provided direct observation treatment support and treatment follow-up.A total of 21995 presumptive TB cases were referred for TB diagnosis,with 7383(34%)new TB cases diagnosed and almost all(98%)successfully treated.The four INGOs contributed to the detection of,on average,36%(7383/20663)of the total new TB cases in their respective townships(range:15-52%).Conclusion:Community-based TB care supported by INGOs successfully achieved TB case detection in hard-toreach and vulnerable populations.This is vital to achieving the World Health Organization End TB Strategy targets.Strategies to ensure sustainability of the programs should be explored,including the need for longer-term commitment of INGOs. 展开更多
关键词 Operational research Community TUBERCULOSIS VOLUNTEERS Contribution international nongovernmental organizations Myanmar
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The Role and Influence of the Non-Governmental Organizations on International Relations During the Post Cold War Era
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作者 Kong Genhong Wang Yingchun 《International Understanding》 2000年第2期2-5,共4页
关键词 OVER In The Role and Influence of the non-governmental organizations on international Relations During the Post Cold War Era
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World Cities and International Organizations: Political Global-city Status of Chinese Cities 被引量:6
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作者 SU Nian XUE Desheng John AGNEW 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 2014年第3期362-374,共13页
In this study, the authors use a political perspective to explore the relative global status of cities in China. Two questions are addressed. Firstly, by using international organizations as the subjects and quantitat... In this study, the authors use a political perspective to explore the relative global status of cities in China. Two questions are addressed. Firstly, by using international organizations as the subjects and quantitative analysis of the spatial distribution of their offices, the overall position of Chinese cities in the global distribution of international organizations is estimated. The results show that 22 Chi- nese cities are involved in international political affairs. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou dominate these activities and have high po- litical global-city status. Secondly, through qualitative analysis of Guangzhou City, the authors explore how its status as a center for intemational organizations has been shaped in recent years. The locational decision-making process is analyzed and the factors are demonstrated at both national and city scales. The definition of international organizations as used in this study refers not only to those supranational bodies that have the ability to manage relations across states (such as the European Union), but also those in- ter-governmental organizations (IGOs), international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) and diplomatic representatives and delegations that today also manage and regulate relations between and among states. 展开更多
关键词 world city international organizations political global-city status spatial distribution China
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Non-governmental organizations'influence on tackling black carbon in the shipping industry
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作者 HAN Jialin 《Advances in Polar Science》 2016年第3期154-158,共5页
This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Or... This paper reviews the achievements of some typical non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in reducing black carbon emissions from shipping which enjoy the consultative status offered by the International Maritime Organization. It discusses the roles of the specific NGOs in dealing with black carbon in the Arctic region from the perspective of global governance to gain insights to guide our involvements in the Arctic affairs and shipping in the region by taking the advantages of NGOs' influence on the proceedings of international negotiations, our national policy development, the improvement of industrial practices and public perceptions. 展开更多
关键词 non-government organization black carbon Arctic governance INVOLVEMENT
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Non-Governmental Organizations
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《China Population Today》 1999年第Z1期26-33,共8页
关键词 In non-governmental organizations
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International Organizations’ Messages on China’s Poverty Reduction
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作者 Foreign Languages Press 《China Today》 2019年第3期25-25,共1页
Great Contribution to the World Antonio Guterres,UN Secretary-General The most important contribution that China is making to the eradication of poverty is Chinese achievements.The fact that China has been able to mov... Great Contribution to the World Antonio Guterres,UN Secretary-General The most important contribution that China is making to the eradication of poverty is Chinese achievements.The fact that China has been able to move hundreds of millions of people out of poverty and that China now has a very clear target to fully eradicate extreme poverty in China in 2020 is the most important contribution.But there is another one. 展开更多
关键词 international organIZATION POVERTY REDUCTION China
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Organizations of the 5^(th) Zhengzhou International Superhard Materials and Related Products Conference
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《金刚石与磨料磨具工程》 CAS 北大核心 2008年第S1期24-24,共1页
关键词 WANG organizations of the 5 Zhengzhou international Superhard Materials and Related Products Conference TH
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The International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) and Debates About Forest-Water Relations During the Late 19th Century
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作者 Christian Lotz 《History Research》 2017年第1期1-19,共19页
Examining the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) and its research on forest-water relations, the article investigates the relation between scientific internationalism and national expertise... Examining the International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) and its research on forest-water relations, the article investigates the relation between scientific internationalism and national expertise. It juxtaposes existing arguments regarding the paradigmatic character of 19th century arguments about deforestations. In particular, in 1999, Christian Pfister and Daniel Br^indli argued that, in Switzerland during the second half of the 19th century, forestry administrators forged an argument that deforestations in mountainous regions lead to floods in the valleys. As this argument helped to install new Swiss forest legislation in 1876, forbidding deforestations in the mountains, Pfister and Brandli called it a "deforestation paradigm". In contrast, sources of the IUFRO provide a different picture. At IUFRO meetings, i.e., at the international level of debate, no such paradigm existed. Instead, IUFRO participants discussed various conclusions that could be drawn fi'om research on deforestations. Regarding the outcome of IUFRO projects, participants reported partly in opposing ways about the results of the research projects in forestry journals in their respective countries. Exploring these reports, the article provides an explanation for these different national representations of international research projects. 展开更多
关键词 international organizations intemational congresses forest ecology deforestation paradigm maps
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Exchanges between CAFIU and Non-Governmental Organizations in Europe
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作者 Zheng Yao Xiao Lan 《International Understanding》 2013年第1期22-26,共5页
It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe com... It has always been one of its major tasks for CAFIU to conduct non-governmental exchanges and contacts with European countries since CAFIU was founded more than thirty years ago.As in recent years,the China-Europe comprehensive strategic partnership has continuously deepened with exchanges and cooperation in various areas further 展开更多
关键词 Exchanges between CAFIU and non-governmental organizations in Europe NGO FES
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The Present Situation and Future Prospect Of Non-Governmental Organizations in China and Asia
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《International Understanding》 2001年第4期6-7,共2页
关键词 Situation and Future Prospect Of non-governmental organizations in China and Asia The Present
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New Development Trend of Non-Governmental Organizations
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《International Understanding》 2001年第2期22-23,共2页
关键词 World New Development Trend of non-governmental organizations
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Non-Governmental Organizations from China and Japan jointly issued “Statement of Chinese and Japanese NGO Leader’s Meeting”
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《International Understanding》 2002年第2期6-6,共1页
关键词 NGO non-governmental organizations from China and Japan jointly issued Statement of Chinese and Japanese NGO Leader s Meeting
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UNITED INTERNATIONAL CENTRAL CITY: A NEW SPATIAL ORGANIZATION MODEL IN TUMEN RIVER ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT ZONE 被引量:2
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作者 张平宇 《Chinese Geographical Science》 SCIE CSCD 1998年第4期83-89,共0页
This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing... This paper puts forward a new conceptual idea on constructing an international central city in the Tumen River Economy Development Zone (TREDZ) on the basis of analysis of the superiorities and problems in developing city, and from the view point of present social, economic and natural conditions in this area and the background of Northeast Asia. The united international central city is the best distribution model not only in its polycentric spatial structure but also in organizing form. Its feasibility and practicability are thoroughly proved from various aspects including urban planning principles, comparison of port cities, special characteristics of cooperation in TREDZ, and natural, social, cultural factors etc. 展开更多
关键词 UNITED international CENTRAL city SPATIAL structure SPATIAL organIZATION Tumen River ECONOMY Development ZONE
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Chinese Anti-Cancer Association as a non-governmental organization undertakes systematic cancer prevention work in China 被引量:3
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作者 Tingting Xu 《Chinese Journal of Cancer Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2015年第4期423-427,共5页
Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-ea... Cancer has become the first leading cause of death in the world, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Facing the increasing trend of cancer incidence and mortality, China issued and implemented "three-early(early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment)" national cancer prevention plan. As the main body and dependence of social governance, non-governmental organizations(NGOs) take over the role of government in the field of cancer prevention and treatment. American Cancer Society(ACS) made a research on cancer NGOs and civil society in cancer control and found that cancer NGOs in developing countries mobilize civil society to work together and advocate governments in their countries to develop policies to address the growing cancer burden. Union for International Cancer Control(UICC), Cancer Council Australia(CCA), and Malaysian cancer NGOs are the representatives of cancer NGOs in promoting cancer control. Selecting Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(CACA) as an example in China, this article is to investigate how NGOs undertake systematic cancer prevention work in China. By conducting real case study, we found that, as a NGO, CACA plays a significant role in intensifying the leading role of government in cancer control, optimizing cancer outcomes, decreasing cancer incidence and mortality rates and improving public health. 展开更多
关键词 non-governmental organization(NGO) cancer prevention Chinese Anti-Cancer Association(CACA)
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Superposition of dual electric fields in covalent organic frameworks for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
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作者 Chao Li Shuo Wang +8 位作者 Yuan Liub Xihe Huang Yan Zhuang Shuhong Wu Ying Wang Na Wen Kaifeng Wu Zhengxin Ding Jinlin Long 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第8期164-175,共12页
Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for converting solar energy into green hydrogen.However,limited charge separation and transport in COFs impede their application in the photocatalytic hydrogen ... Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)are promising materials for converting solar energy into green hydrogen.However,limited charge separation and transport in COFs impede their application in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).In this study,the intrinsically tunable internal bond electric field(IBEF)at the imine bonds of COFs was manipulated to cooperate with the internal molecular electric field(IMEF)induced by the donor-acceptor(D-A)structure for an efficient HER.The aligned orientation of IBEF and IMEF resulted in a remarkable H_(2) evolution rate of 57.3 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1)on TNCA,which was approximately 520 times higher than that of TCNA(0.11 mmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1))with the opposing electric field orientation.The superposition of the dual electric fields enables the IBEF to function as an accelerating field for electron transfer,kinetically facilitat-ing the migration of photogenerated electrons from D to A.Furthermore,theoretical calculations indicate that the inhomogeneous charge distribution at the C and N atoms in TNCA not only pro-vides a strong driving force for carrier transfer but also effectively hinders the return of free elec-trons to the valence band,improving the utilization of photoelectrons.This strategy of fabricating dual electric fields in COFs offers a novel approach to designing photocatalysts for clean energy synthesis. 展开更多
关键词 Covalent organic framework internal molecular electric field internal bond electric field PHOTOCATALYSIS Hydrogen evolution
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General Elements of the ICAO-International Civil Aviation Organization Activities
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作者 Filip Turcinovic Aleksandar Kovacevic 《Chinese Business Review》 2018年第7期342-350,共9页
The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Functionally, it has emerged as the organizational necessity of both the universal complex structure and the import... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations. Functionally, it has emerged as the organizational necessity of both the universal complex structure and the importance of its overall activity. It was created on the basis of Article 57 of the United Nations Charter, stipulating that the specialized UN agencies are autonomous international organizations. They enjoy their autonomy on the basis of the contract they were established by, being engaged in activities within the United Nations system. On the territories the organization member states comprise, they enjoy privileges and immunities, having the international legal capacity to carry out their activities in accordance to the Statute. The 1944 Multilateral Convention was to establish both protection and efficient development of international civil aviation. In accordance to that rights and obligations of member states were established. It is of a special importance to emphasize obligation of parties to take their parts in both co-operation and programs aimed at improvement of international transport, navigational equipment, and installations. In the globalized world of today, air traffic is an irreplaceable part of the system of communication. It enables fast and timely business contacts between the people from various continents, as well as transport of goods. 展开更多
关键词 civil aviation air navigation air traffic AVIATION specialized agency non-government international organizations security
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Thermodynamic Performance Analysis of Geothermal Power Plant Based on Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Using Mixture of Pure Working Fluids
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作者 Abdul Sattar Laghari Mohammad Waqas Chandio +1 位作者 Laveet Kumar Mamdouh El Haj Assad 《Energy Engineering》 EI 2024年第8期2023-2038,共16页
The selection of working fluid significantly impacts the geothermal ORC’s Efficiency.Using a mixture as a working fluid is a strategy to improve the output of geothermal ORC.In the current study,modelling and thermod... The selection of working fluid significantly impacts the geothermal ORC’s Efficiency.Using a mixture as a working fluid is a strategy to improve the output of geothermal ORC.In the current study,modelling and thermodynamic analysis of ORC,using geothermal as a heat source,is carried out at fixed operating conditions.The model is simulated in the Engineering Equation Solver(EES).An environment-friendly mixture of fluids,i.e.,R245fa/R600a,with a suitable mole fraction,is used as the operating fluid.The mixture provided the most convenient results compared to the pure working fluid under fixed operating conditions.The impact of varying the evaporator pressure on the performance parameters,including energy efficiency,exergy efficiency and net power output is investigated.The system provided the optimal performance once the evaporator pressure reached the maximum value.The efficiencies:Energy and Exergy,and Net Power output of the system are 16.62%,64.08%and 2199 kW for the basic cycle and 20.72%,67.76%and 2326 kW respectively for the regenerative cycle. 展开更多
关键词 organic rankine cycle internal heat exchanger moderate-temperature geothermal source mixture of the fluid EXERGY
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Host & Organizer etc.of the 5^(th) Zhengzhou International Superhard Materials and Related Products Conference
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《金刚石与磨料磨具工程》 CAS 北大核心 2008年第S1期23-23,共1页
关键词 HOST organizer etc.of the 5 Zhengzhou international Superhard Materials and Related Products Conference
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2^(nd) International Symposium on Adipobiology and Adipopharmacology(ISAA) 23-25 October 2009,Varna,Bulgaria Organized by the Bulgarian Society for Cell Biology
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《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2009年第8期640-640,共1页
Adipobiology, particularly adipoendocrinology, investigates molecular and cellular processes mediated via adipose tissue in health and disease,
关键词 ISAA international Symposium on Adipobiology and Adipopharmacology Cell October 2009 Varna Bulgaria organized by the Bulgarian Society for Cell Biology ND
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The Second International Conference on HSLA Steels——Beijing,China,October 1990 Organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS
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《Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 1989年第2期160-161,共2页
GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels (HSLA’90) will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel... GENERAL INFORMATIONThe Chinese Society of Metals is pleased to announcethat The Second International Conference on HSLASteels (HSLA’90) will be held in Beijing,China inOctober 1990.Much progress in research and devel-opment of HSLA steels has been achieved by theworld’s metallurgical and materials community since 展开更多
关键词 HSLA The Second international Conference on HSLA Steels Beijing China October 1990 organized by THE CHINESE SOCIETY OF METALS
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