基于SPI和VHI的长江中下游地区干旱时空特征分析

近60 a来,长江中下游地区干旱发生频率越来越高,强度不断增强,影响范围不断扩大,持续时间不断变长,对经济发展造成了严重的影响。通过构建长江中下游地区60 a长序列历史降水数据和40 a遥感数据集,基于标准化降水指数、植被健康指数等指标建立干旱监测指数序列库,分析时序干旱指数变化特征,开展旱情时空分布、季节差异、发生频次等指标统计分析,探究旱情发生频率及其时空分异特征、旱情程度等时空特征。研究结果表明:长江中下游地区干旱事件发生具有明显的季节性,春夏季干旱频率高,秋冬季干旱频率低;干旱存在明显区域性差异,易旱地区主要包括湖北北部、湖南南部等地。

PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SOY PROTEIN ISOLATE(SPI)/MONTMORILLONITE(MMT) BIONANOCOMPOSITES

The bionanocomposites of soy protein isolate(SPI)/montmorillonite(MMT) have been prepared successfully via simple melt mixing,in which MMT was used as nanofiller and glycerol was used as plasticizer.Their structures and properties were characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis and tensile testing.XRD、TEM and SEM results indicated that the MMT layers could be easily intercalated by the SPI matrix even by simpl...

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of the Bacterial Isolates in Post-Operative Wound Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Unrestrained anti-microbial resistance (AMR) among bacterial pathogens has made the management and treatment of post-operative wound infections difficult. This study assessed the current AMR patterns of bacterial isolates in post-operative wound infections in a tertiary care hospital in Kathmandu,Nepal. Pus swabs collected from post-operative wound infections and submitted for culture and sensitivity were included in this study. Isolation and identification of the organism was done by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and result was interpreted as per National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guide lines. Of the 120 pus swabs processed for culture, 96 showed bacterial growth. Staphylococcus aureus 36 (37.5%) was the predominant gram positive isolate and Escherichia coli 24 (25%) was the major gram negative isolate .The infection was most prevalent in the age group 20-40 years. All S. aureus isolates were sensitive to aminoglycosides and vancomycin. Out of 36 S. aureus, 15 (41.66%) isolates were methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus epidermidis showed high resistance (50%-100%) to all antibiotics but were sensitive to vancomycin. All gram negative isolates showed high resistance against cephalexin (75%-100%) and ceftriaxone (25%-100%). Overall multi-drug resistant isolates were 66.7%. A high level of AMR was observed in gram negative bacterial isolates. Rational use of antibiotics and a regular monitoring of AMR patterns in post-operative wound infections are essential and mandatory to avert further emergence and spread of anti-microbial resistance among bacterial pathogens.

<i>Bordetella holmesii</i>: Comparison of Two Isolates from Blood and a Respiratory Sample

Interest in Bordetella holmesii is increasing, but very little is known about this bacterium, which can be isolated from both blood and respiratory samples. In this study, we compared a B. holmesii isolate from the blood sample of an adult with bacteremia with another isolate from a nasopharyngeal swab from an adult with whooping cough syndrome. Genetic analysis was carried out, targeting relevant genes, and virulence properties were studied in cellular and animal models. Our genomic analysis provided no evidence of traits specific to either blood or respiratory isolates of B. holmesii. Neither isolate was cytotoxic to human tracheal epithelial cells. Both isolates were only weakly invasive and they did not persist within epithelial cells for less than 48 h.

基于STM32芯片SPI通信接口的BISS-C解算方法

为满足高精密二维跟瞄光学转台的精准定位和数据读取的要求,基于BISS-C协议设计了软件、硬件平台对绝对式光栅带进行位置解算。利用STM32拓展性强、高速SPI通信端口、简单的外围电路等特点,采用STM32F407+SN75179B为核心的硬件结构,STM32F407通过SPI通信协议进行数据的接收及解算,SN7519B处理两对差分信号供主控芯片使用。另外,增加延时补偿功能,保证数据的长距离传输。最后,进行了绝对式光栅编码器的位置数据读取实验,与ELMO做对比实验,验证了数据读取的准确性、快速响应性能,满足精准定位的要求。

基于标准化降水指数(SPI)的宁夏中部干旱带旱灾危险性时空演变特征

[目的]揭示宁夏中部干旱带旱灾危险性的时空特征,为宁夏中部干旱带农业生产、农业灾害防治、种植结构调整和农业灌溉指导提供科学依据。[方法]收集宁夏中部干旱带的沙坡头区、中宁县、同心县、盐池县、海原县5个气象站点的气象观测资料,采用标准化降水指数(SPI)分析了近39年(1981—2019年)干旱等级的时空变化,并结合GIS技术评价其旱灾危险性时空演变特征。[结果]SPI 12结果表明代际干旱趋势呈波动中加剧趋势(趋势线斜率范围为-0.004~0.003)。SPI 3结果表明季尺度旱灾危险性时空分布异质性明显,空间上呈现出南低北高的特征,而时间上则表现为连旱特征突出。春冬两季旱灾发生频率高于45%;夏、秋两季干旱现象不显著,干旱发生频率处于10.26%~43.59%之间;旱灾危险性时空演变特征评价结果表明代际旱灾危险性呈现先下降后上升的变化趋势。季尺度旱灾危险性时空差异明显,空间上表现为旱灾危险性由南向北升高,时间上表现为春冬两季旱灾危险性较高,而夏、秋两季旱灾危险性较低。[结论]宁夏中部干旱带季尺度旱灾危险性时空异质性明显,沙坡头区、中宁县旱灾危险性高,未来应加强春、秋、冬三季的旱灾防治。

Characterization of Class 1 Integron Gene Cassettes among Clinical Bacteria Isolated from One Large Hospital in Northern China

The class 1 integron and complex gene cassettes among different species of clinical isolates in northern China were characterized in this study. 383 clinical isolates were obtained from northern China, and class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes widely distributed among gram negative clinical isolates was observed. We find that the class 1 integron showed positive correlation with multidrug resistance phenotype of gram negative bacteria. In addition, we find that isolates belonged to one species harbored different types of gene cassette arrays, while same types of gene cassette arrays were observed in different species of isolates. The diversity of gene cassette arrays among the isolates indicated the complexity of multidrug resistance in clinical isolates in northern China.

科学与政策接口(SPI)的基本特征和研究实践

[目的/意义]科学研究应充分参与和有效支撑政策制定已成为共识,但从认知到实践,却仍然存在知识结构、沟通渠道、流程规范等阻碍因素,科学与政策接口(science-policy interfaces,SPI)为构建结构良好的科学和政策互动关系提供了新的研究视角。[方法/过程]通过文献调研探究SPI的基本特征和发展现状,梳理理论发展脉络和概念内涵,基于SPI核心要素和关系模式分析对其运作方式进行阐释,以影响广泛的2项实践案例剖析SPI的具体实现效果和价值。[结果/结论]SPI的基本特征表现为对多种参与主体和复杂互动关系的关注,通过边界组织的信息收集和知识转化功能来弥合科研人员与政府决策者之间知识储备及需求表达的差距,将研究层次由问题描述导向至基于案例的方案预设和规则建立,与当前循证决策研究的方法和目标充分契合,从而超越了当前对科学与政策间单向互动的“线性模式”的反思研究,推动实践转变为双向可持续互动的“交互模式”或“共同生产模式”。SPI可为科学研究参与支撑政策制定的实践探索提出新的建议和发展方向,包括知识基础设施建设、工具和技能提升、文化和本土要素纳入、投资和主题指导、科学外交和多层合作等多个方面。

致癌基因SPI1的泛癌分析鉴定及其在胶质瘤中的预后价值和免疫功能

目的探讨SPI1在胶质瘤中的预后价值及其与免疫抑制的关系。方法使用GEPIA2数据库评估SPI1 mRNA在TCGA肿瘤中的表达及临床预后价值。基于cBioPortal数据库分析GBM中SPI1与其他mRNAs的相关性,选择与SPI1最显著正相关的前200个基因通过Metascape数据库进行GO和KEGG通路分析。利用ssGSEA算法评估TCGA–GBM中SPI1 mRNA表达与免疫浸润细胞的Spearman相关性。利用CAMOIP数据库进行免疫细胞浸润评分。结果SPI1在胶质瘤中高表达并与预后相关。此外,SPI1被预测参与巨噬细胞激活,以及免疫反应的正向调节。SPI1与大多数免疫细胞的浸润相关,同时,SPI1的高表达促进了巨噬细胞的极化。结论SPI1在胶质瘤免疫细胞浸润中发挥重要作用,并代表胶质瘤的有价值的预后生物标志物,是胶质瘤患者的潜在治疗靶点。

Transitioning to Automated Microbiologic Era: Blood Culture Isolates in Children and Adults in Federal Teaching Hospital in Gombe, North East Nigeria 2016-2020

Introduction: Automated blood culture systems for incubation and growth monitoring have become the standard in high-income countries (HICs), but are still relatively expensive and not universally available for implementation in most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). We aimed to report blood culture isolates using Automated technique in children and adults admitted into the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe from 2016 to 2020. Materials and Methods: Blood Culture Isolates in children (0 - 18 years) and adults (>19 yrs) by Bactec 9050 Automated culture system from 2016-2020 were retrieved from the medical and laboratory register. Information analyzed included, age, sex, month, and year and culture growth and reported antibiotic sensitivity. A Bactec Blood culture tests is $20 in this facility. In Nigeria, the minimum monthly wage is $70 (Official currency exchange rate is N423/US Dollar). Results: Of the 1713 blood cultures performed, children 0 - 18 years were 1322 (77.2%) and adult (19 years above) (22.8%). Overall positivity was 733 (42.2%) with males 385 (52.5%). Of the 1322 Blood cultures (BC) in children 615 (46.5%) were positive for isolates and adults 118 (30.2)%. Blood culture positivity decreased with increasing age with newborns 251 (34.5%) and adults > 65 years 18 (2.5%). Staphylococcus aureus constituted 61.3% of all isolates and was the leading isolates in all age groups;Alkaligenes (9.1%);Citrobacter 8.1%, Klebsiella 6.7%;Pseudomonas 6.1%;E. coli 2.7%;Enterococcus 2%;Proteus 1%. Of the Antimicrobial resistance priority isolates E. coli susceptibility ranged from 71% to Gentamycin and 100% to Cefixime;Klebsiella from 25% sensitivity to Amikacin to 78% each to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin;Salmonella was 100% sensitive to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime. Klebsiella was 100% sensitive to Cefoxitin;Proteus sensitivity ranged from 35% to ampicillin and 100% to ciprofloxacin and cefuroxime. Staph aureus sensitivity was 35% to cefoxitin, 70% to amoxicillin/clavulanate and 70% to cefuroxime. Conclusion: Blood culture yield by Automated method was high. Staph aureus was the predominant pathogen and bacterial yield reduced with increasing age. Antibiotic sensitivity was variably reduced against gram negative bacteria.

Isolated Right Pulmonary Agenesis in a 2-Month-Old Infant in the Pediatric Ward of Hospital of Mali

Introduction: Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital abnormality defined by the absence of parenchyma, bronchi and pulmonary vessels, frequently associated with other malformations. We describe a case of isolated right pulmonary agenesis diagnosed in the pediatric ward of the Mali Hospital. Clinical case: He was a month-old baby boy, born at term by cesarean section of a well-followed pregnancy. He was not resuscitated. He developed dyspnea after a cold. An emergency chest X-ray revealed a right opaque lung. He was referred to the hospital for the exploration of this opacity. At the entrance, it weighed 3910 g, size: 54 cm and the temperature was 36.9°C. He had a polypnea, an intercostal print. The sounds of the heart were diverted to the right. The rest of the clinical examination was without much particularity. The chest CT scan confirmed the right pulmonary agenesis. Abdominal and cardiac ultrasound was normal. A healing includes oxygenotherapy, serum glucose 10% minding 100 ml/ Kg/day and amoxicillin minding 100 mg/ Kg/day at 3 times by oral way. After 24 hours of treatment, we observed an improvement in dyspnea. On D2, he was weaned off oxygen and resumed feeding. Conclusion: Pulmonary agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly that is frequently associated with other malformations, thus making its prognosis poor. The search for malformative abnormalities should be systematic in right pulmonary agenesis.

Emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate obtained by Corolase PP under high hydrostatic pressure

Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins can enhance their emulsifying properties and antioxidant activities.However,the problem related to the hydrolysis of proteins was the generation of the bitter taste.Recently,high hydrostatic pressure(HHP)treatment has attracted much interest and has been used in several studies on protein modification.Hence,the study aimed to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis by Corolase PP under different pressure treatments(0.1,100,200,and 300 MPa for 1-5 h at 50℃)on the emulsifying property,antioxidant activity,and bitterness of soybean protein isolate hydrolysate(SPIH).As observed,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had the highest emulsifying activity index(47.49 m^(2)/g)and emulsifying stability index(92.98%),and it had higher antioxidant activities(44.77%DPPH free radical scavenging activity,31.12%superoxide anion radical scavenging activity,and 61.50%copper ion chelating activity).At the same time,the enhancement of emulsion stability was related to the increase of zeta potential and the decrease of mean particle size.In addition,the hydrolysate obtained at 200 MPa for 4 h had a lower bitterness value and showed better palatability.This study has a broad application prospect in developing food ingredients and healthy foods.

基于FBR-SPI-MS法的烟碱盐热解机制及产物释放规律研究

【目的】研究不同烟碱盐的热解机制及产物释放规律。【方法】以《电子烟》国标中允许添加的6种酸与烟碱合成的烟碱盐为研究对象,采用热重分析(TG)和固定床反应器结合单光子光电离飞行时间质谱(FBR-SPI-MS)方法,考察6种单组分烟碱盐和9种乙酰丙酸、苹果酸不同混合比例合成的烟碱盐的热失重行为及其热解产物释放机制。【结果】①烟碱盐较游离烟碱对应的热失重温度及范围均有提升,苯甲酸盐的最大失重温度最高,柠檬酸盐失重温度范围最广;②SPI-MS分析表明,烟碱盐热裂解能够产生烟碱、苯甲酸、乙酰丙酸等分子离子碎片;③不同酸与烟碱成盐后对烟碱释放影响不同,混合烟碱盐的烟碱释放温度区间随着酸碱摩尔比的增大向高温区移动。【结论】为烟碱盐的热行为和热解产物释放机制提供结论,为电子烟产品的开发提供参考。

基于SPI的福建省干湿特征与ENSO的关联性分析

根据福建省17个气象站点1970—2019年的逐月降水数据,计算了不同时间尺度的标准化降水指数(Standardized Precipitation Index,SPI),并利用Mann-Kenddall检验、相关性分析等方法,分析了福建省干湿时空变化特征,及其与El Ni1o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)事件的关联性。结果表明:近50年来,福建省以正常为主,轻旱与轻湿次之,发生频次最少的是特旱与特湿。年尺度上,福建省整体呈湿润化趋势,但季节变化差异较大,其中,春季呈明显的干旱趋势,夏季呈较为明显的湿润趋势,秋、冬季变化趋势不显著。福建省沿海及闽北山区易出现旱涝极值,中间地带干湿分布以轻级、中级和正常为主。ENSO事件的强度与SPI的变化呈正相关,ENSO冷暖事件对降水的影响具有滞后性,ENSO冷事件对福建省SPI影响的滞后时间为5个月,ENSO暖事件的滞后时间为0~5个月。

Isolated deep convections over the Tibetan Plateau in the rainy season during 2001–2020

The Tibetan Plateau(TP)is a prevalent region for convection systems due to its unique thermodynamic forcing.This study investigated isolated deep convections(IDCs),which have a smaller spatial and temporal size than mesoscale convective systems(MCSs),over the TP in the rainy season(June-September)during 2001–2020.The authors used satellite precipitation and brightness temperature observations from the Global Precipitation Measurement mission.Results show that IDCs mainly concentrate over the southern TP.The IDC number per rainy season decreases from around 140 over the southern TP to around 10 over the northern TP,with an average 54.2.The initiation time of IDCs exhibits an obvious diurnal cycle,with the peak at 1400–1500 LST and the valley at 0900–1000 LST.Most IDCs last less than five hours and more than half appear for only one hour.IDCs generally have a cold cloud area of 7422.9 km^(2),containing a precipitation area of approximately 65%.The larger the IDC,the larger the fraction of intense precipitation it contains.IDCs contribute approximately 20%–30%to total precipitation and approximately 30%–40%to extreme precipitation over the TP,with a larger percentage in July and August than in June and September.In terms of spatial distribution,IDCs contribute more to both total precipitation and extreme precipitation over the TP compared to the surrounding plain regions.IDCs over the TP account for a larger fraction than MCSs,indicating the important role of IDCs over the region.

Psychological and Mental Health among Isolated Hospitalized Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19 Patients, Qatif Central Hospital, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia: A Single-Center Descriptive Study

Introduction: During COVID-19 pandemic, isolation and quarantine as preventive measures have been implemented. Isolation is often a bad experience for isolated people and it could affect the psychological and mental health. Objectives: To study the impact of isolation on the psychological and mental health of isolated hospitalized suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Material & Methods: A single-center cohort, descriptive survey involving isolated confirmed and suspected COVID-19 patients in Qatif central hospital, Eastern province, Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted between March 22 and April 18, 2020. Information was collected through an online Arabic-language questionnaire. Our sample included both male and female. Anxiety and depression symptoms during hospitalization were evaluated with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: A total of 52 questionnaires were returned completed. The majority of the respondents were females (65.4%). Most of the participants were less than 60 years of age (90.4%). Three patients were known to have previous mental illness. About two-thirds of the participants were isolated in shared rooms. The duration of isolation was less than 10 days in 72.3% of our sample. Borderline and abnormal scores for depression and anxiety were observed in about 38.4%, and 17.3% of patients, respectively. Three patients had both abnormal depression and anxiety scores. Conclusion: Isolation for contagious infections such as COVID-19 could cause severe psychological health problems, though this was not supported by our study due to the small sample size. Further studies are needed to address this important issue which results from isolation during infectious outbreaks.

Seismic response of a mid-story isolated structure considering SSI in mountainous areas under long-period earthquakes

At present,there is not much research on mid-story isolated structures in mountainous areas.In this study,a model of a mid-story isolated structure considering soil-structure interaction(SSI)in mountainous areas is established along with a model that does not consider SSI.Eight long-period earthquake waves and two ordinary earthquake waves are selected as inputs for the dynamic time history analysis of the structure.The results show that the seismic response of a mid-story isolated structure considering SSI in mountainous areas can be amplified when compared with a structure that does not consider SSI.The structure response under long-period earthquakes is larger than that of ordinary earthquakes.The structure response under far-field harmonic-like earthquakes is larger than that of near-fault pulse-type earthquakes.The structure response under near-fault pulse-type earthquakes is larger than that of far-field non-harmonic earthquakes.When subjected to long-period earthquakes,the displacement of the isolated bearings exceeded the limit value,which led to instability and overturning of the structure.The structure with dampers in the isolated story could adequately control the nonlinear response of the structure,effectively reduce the displacement of the isolated bearings,and provide a convenient,efficient and economic method not only for new construction but also to retrofit existing structures.

Spi1 regulates the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway after intracerebral hemorrhage

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown that microglia and macrophages participate in a multiphasic brain damage repair process following intracerebral hemorrhage.The E26 transformation-specific sequence-related transcription factor Spi1 regulates microglial/macrophage commitment and maturation.However,the effect of Spi1 on intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear.In this study,we found that Spi1 may regulate recovery from the neuroinflammation and neurofunctional damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage by modulating the microglial/macrophage transcriptome.We showed that high Spi1expression in microglia/macrophages after intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with the activation of many pathways that promote phagocytosis,glycolysis,and autophagy,as well as debris clearance and sustained remyelination.Notably,microglia with higher levels of Soil expression were chara cterized by activation of pathways associated with a variety of hemorrhage-related cellular processes,such as complement activation,angiogenesis,and coagulation.In conclusion,our results suggest that Spi1 plays a vital role in the microglial/macrophage inflammatory response following intracerebral hemorrhage.This new insight into the regulation of Spi1 and its target genes may advance our understanding of neuroinflammation in intracerebral hemorrhage and provide therapeutic targets for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.

SPI设计校验规则设置的应用探讨

由于国内外应用环境不同,国内工程公司在应用SPI Rule Manager模块进行创建、执行和管理数据检查规则过程中遇到诸多难题,因此基于SPI软件,将标准规范、工程经验等融入SPI设计校验规则设置中,开发了SPI专家规则。介绍SPI Rule Manager模块和SPI专家规则的应用设置情况,对比了两个模块的应用特点,结合实际应用情况,指出SPI校验规则设置仍需优化的内容,并给出了合理的建议。

Isolated Tricuspid Valve Repair and Right Atrial Plication Performed Using a Beating-Heart Technique for Atrial Functional Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation

Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.