Joint resource allocation for MIMO-OFDM video transmission systems with unequal error protection

To improve the performance of MIMO-OFDM video transmission systems on the limitation of wireless bandwidth and transmitting power,we propose an adaptive joint resource allocation algorithm with unequal error protection(UEP) based on joint source-channel coding(JSCC) according to H.264 video compression standard and RCPT channel coding.According to different thresholds of the average SNR of subchannels,the algorithm dynamically allocates the source coding parameters of original video data and the channel coding parameters of RCPT,which realizes UEP for the compressed video data of different importance.Through the bit and power allocation based on MQAM modulation and the subspace allocation based on beamforming technology for different subcarriers,an adaptive joint resource allocation making full use of space-frequency domain resources have been realized.The simulation results indicate that the algorithm improves the adaptability of video transmission systems in different wireless environments and the quality of video retrieval.

Intelligent Reflecting Surface Assisted Transmission Optimization Strategies in Wireless Networks

Wireless Power Transfer(WPT)technology can provide real-time power for many terminal devices in Internet of Things(IoT)through millimeterWave(mmWave)to support applications with large capacity and low latency.Although the intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)can be adopted to create effective virtual links to address the mmWave blockage problem,the conventional solutions only adopt IRS in the downlink from the Base Station(BS)to the users to enhance the received signal strength.In practice,the reflection of IRS is also applicable to the uplink to improve the spectral efficiency.It is a challenging to jointly optimize IRS beamforming and system resource allocation for wireless energy acquisition and information transmission.In this paper,we first design a Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH)clustering protocol for clustering and data collection.Then,the problem of maximizing the minimum system spectral efficiency is constructed by jointly optimizing the transmit power of sensor devices,the uplink and downlink transmission times,the active beamforming at the BS,and the IRS dynamic beamforming.To solve this non-convex optimization problem,we propose an alternating optimization(AO)-based joint solution algorithm.Simulation results show that the use of IRS dynamic beamforming can significantly improve the spectral efficiency of the system,and ensure the reliability of equipment communication and the sustainability of energy supply under NLOS link.

Joint Optimization Strategy for Video Transmission over Distributed Cognitive Radio Networks

A novel joint optimization strategy for the secondary user( SU) was proposed to consider the short-term and long-term video transmissions over distributed cognitive radio networks( DCRNs).Since the long-term video transmission consisted of a series of shortterm transmissions, the optimization problem in the video transmission was a composite optimization process. Firstly,considering some factors like primary user's( PU's) collision limitations,non-synchronization between SU and PU,and SU's limited buffer size, the short-term optimization problem was formulated as a mixed integer non-linear program( MINLP) to minimize the block probability of video packets. Secondly,combining the minimum packet block probability obtained in shortterm optimization and SU's constraint on hardware complexity,the partially observable Markov decision process( POMDP) framework was proposed to learn PU's statistic information over DCRNs.Moreover,based on the proposed framework,joint optimization strategy was designed to obtain the minimum packet loss rate in long-term video transmission. Numerical simulation results were provided to demonstrate validity of our strategies.

Joint Detection for Image Transmission Based on Schur Algorithm over Wireless Sensor Network

To achieve much efficient multimedia transmission over an error-prone wireless network, there are still some problem must to be solved, especially in energy limited wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a joint detection based on Schur Algorithm for image wireless transmission over wireless sensor network. To eliminate error transmissions and save transmission energy, we combine Schur algorithm with joint dynamic detection for wireless transmission of JPEG 2000 encoded image which we proposed in [1]. Schur algorithm is used to computing the decomposition of system matrix to decrease the computational complexity. We de-scribe our transmission protocol, and report on its performance evaluation using a simulation testbed we have designed for this purpose. Our results clearly indicate that our method could approach efficient images transmission in wireless sensor network and the transmission errors are significantly reduced when compared to regular transmissions.

Theoretical analysis of JMC effect on stress wave transmission and reflection

Taking the joint matching coefficient(JMC) which represents the contact area ratio of the joint in rock masses as the key parameter, a one-dimensional contacted interface model(CIM-JMC) was established in this study to describe the wave propagation across a single joint. According to this model, the reflected and transmitted waves at the joint were obtained, and the energy coefficients of reflection and transmission were calculated. Compared with the modified Split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB) experiment, it was validated by taking the incident wave of the SHPB test as the input condition in the CIM-JMC, and the reflected and transmitted waves across the joint were calculated by the model. The effects of four sets of JMCs(0.81, 0.64, 0.49, and 0.36) on the transmission and reflection of the stress wave propagation across the joint were analyzed and compared with the experimental results. It demonstrated that the values of CIM-JMC could represent both the transmission and reflection of the stress wave accurately when JMC > 0.5, but could relatively accurately represent the reflection rather than the transmission when JMC < 0.5. By contrasting energy coefficients of joints with different JMCs, it was revealed that energy dissipated sharply along the decrease of JMC when JMC > 0.5.

Nonlinear identification and characterization of structural joints based on vibration transmissibility

In order to investigate the nonlinear characteristics of structural joint,the experimental setup with a jointed mass system is established for dynamic characterization analysis and vibration prediction,and a corresponding nonlinearity identification method is studied.First,the sine-sweep vibration test with different baseexcitation levels areapplied to the structural joint system to study the dominant modal of mass rigid motion.Then,based on t e harmonic balance method principle,t e measured vibration transmissibilities a e utilized for nonlinearity identification using different excitation levels.Experimental results show that nonlinear spring and damping force can be represented by a polynomial order approximation.The identified nonlinear stiffness and damping force can predict the system’s response,and they can reveal t e shifts of resonant frequency or damping due to discontinuity of contact mechanisms within a certain range.

Some Advances in the Application of Weathering and Cold-Formed Steel in Transmission Tower

Application of weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission lines can reduce steel consumption and environmental pollution. Some advances in the studies on the weathering and cold-formed steel in transmission tower are introduced. Firstly, corrosion-resistant tests of weathering steel samples under different simulating technical atmospheres were carried out separately for 240 hours. It shows that the corrosion degree of joint samples is higher than that of single chip samples, and the corrosion-resistant performance of weathering steel is superior to common carbon steel. The corrosion-resistance of weathering steel meets with the requirement of transmission tower. Secondly, experiments and finite element analysis for cold-formed angles and a 220kV prototype tower were completed, and the stability coeffi-cient fitting curves as well as the modification formulas of slenderness ratio for cold-formed members were determined. According to the structural characteristics of transmission towers, four sections of cold-formed angles with different sections and slenderness ratios were selected in this study. The finite element model well predicted the buckling behav-iour of the cold-formed members. Ultimate loads calculating by the fitting curve were well agreed to the experimental values, especially for the members with small slenderness ratios. Weight of the cold-formed steel tower can be reduced by more than 5 percent after considering the strength enhancement. Cost of the weathering and cold-formed steel transmission tower is nearly equivalent to that of hot-rolled steel tower with hot galvanizing.

Bidirectional secondary transmissions with energy harvesting in cognitive wireless sensor networks

To the existing spectrum sharing schemes in wireless-powered cognitive wireless sensor networks,the protocols are limited to either separate the primary and the secondary transmission or allow the secondary user to transmit signals in a time slot when it forwards the primary signal.In order to address this limitation,a novel cooperative spectrum sharing scheme is proposed,where the secondary transmission is multiplexed with both the primary transmission and the relay transmission.Specifically,the process of transmission is on a three-phase time-switching relaying basis.In the first phase,a cognitive sensor node SU1 scavenges energy from the primary transmission.In the second phase,another sensor node SU2 and primary transmitter simultaneously transmit signals to the SU1.In the third phase,the node SU1 can assist the primary transmission to acquire the opportunity of spectrum sharing.Joint decoding and interference cancellation technique is adopted at the receivers to retrieve the desired signals.We further derive the closed-form expressions for the outage probabilities of both the primary and secondary systems.Moreover,we address optimization of energy harvesting duration and power allocation coefficient strategy under performance criteria.An effective algorithm is then presented to solve the optimization problem.Simulation results demonstrate that with the optimized solutions,the sensor nodes with the proposed cooperative spectrum sharing scheme can utilize the spectrum in a more efficient manner without deteriorating the performance of the primary transmission,as compared with the existing one-directional scheme in the literature.

Robust transmission of progressive image bitstreams based on DCT over broadband wireless channels

A robust progressive image transmission scheme over broadband wireless fading channels is developed for 4th generation wireless communication systems （4G） in this paper. The proposed scheme is based on space-time block coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing （OFDM） with 4 transmit antennas and 2 receive antennas and uses a simplified minimum mean square error （MMSE） detector instead of maximum likelihood （ML） detectors. Considering DCT is simpler and more widely applied in the industry than wavelet transforms, a progressive image compression method based on DCT called mean-subtract embedded DCT （MSEDCT） is developed, with a simple mean-subtract method for the redundancy of reorganized DC blocks in addition to a structure similar to the embedded zerotree wavelet coding （EZW） method. Then after analyzing and testing bit importance of the progressive MSEDCT bitstreams, the layered unequal error protection method of joint source-channels coding based on Reed-Solomon （RS） codes is used to protect different parts of bitstreams, providing different QoS assurances and good flexibility. Simulation experiments show our proposed scheme can effectively degrade fading effects and obtain better image transmission effects with 10 -20 dB average peak-sig- nal-noise-ratio （PSNR） gains at the median Eb/No than those schemes without space-time coded OFDM or equal error protections with space-time coded OFDM.

SNR-adaptive deep joint source-channel coding scheme for image semantic transmission with convolutional block attention module

With the development of deep learning(DL),joint source-channel coding(JSCC)solutions for end-to-end transmission have gained a lot of attention.Adaptive deep JSCC schemes support dynamically adjusting the rate according to different channel conditions during transmission,enhancing robustness in dynamic wireless environment.However,most of the existing adaptive JSCC schemes only consider different channel conditions,ignoring the different feature importance in the image processing and transmission.The uniform compression of different features in the image may result in the compromise of critical image details,particularly in low signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)scenarios.To address the above issues,in this paper,a dual attention mechanism is introduced and an SNR-adaptive deep JSCC mechanism with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM)is proposed,in which matrix operations are applied to features in spatial and channel dimensions respectively.The proposed solution concatenates the pooling feature with the SNR level and passes it sequentially through the channel attention network and spatial attention network to obtain the importance evaluation result.Experiments show that the proposed solution outperforms other baseline schemes in terms of peak SNR(PSNR)and structural similarity(SSIM),particularly in low SNR scenarios or when dealing with complex image content.

Surface grain refinement mechanism of SMA490BW steel cross joints by ultrasonic impact treatment

Ultrasonic impact treatment (UIT) is a postweld technique for improving the fatigue strength of welded joints. This technique makes use of ultrasonic vibration to impact and plastically deform a weld toe and can achieve surface grain refinement of the weld toe, which is considered as the main reason for the improvement of fatigue strength. In this paper, the microstructure of the surface of a treated weld toe was observed by metallographic microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that UIT could produce severe plastic deformation on the surface layer of the weld toe and the maximum depth of plastic deformation extended to approximately 260 μm beneath the treated surface. Repeated processing could exacerbate the plastic deformation on the surface layer, resulting in finer grains. We can conclude that the surface grain refinement mechanism of SMA490BW welded joints is related to the high density of dislocation tangles and dislocation walls. © 2017, University of Science and Technology Beijing and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Optimum Joint Transmission (JT) Scheme in TD-SCDMA Downlink

TD-SCDMA has been decided as the standard for TDD mode of the 3rd Generation mobile radio system by International Telecommunications Union (ITU),it is a important breakthrough in a century communication history. A novel downlink multiuser transmission scheme Joint Transmission (JT) is proposed based on the reciprocity that in the case of TDD the same channel impulse responses are valid for both the uplink and the downlink, it can enhance system performance and reduce system complexity. Because no channel estimation is necessary at the MSs, the data detection effort is dramatically reduced. This paper apply JT in Time Division CDMA (TD-SCDMA) and analyze its proformance in contrast to state of the art TD-CDMA transceivers. The computer simulation results illustrate the superiority of the novel scheme in terms of the system performance in the downlink of TD-SCDMA.

JT-CoMP场景中以用户为中心的半动态分簇方法

为消减超密集网络中小小区间的干扰,提出多点协作联合传输场景中一种以用户为中心的半动态分簇方法。对网络内的所有小基站进行不重叠分簇,将簇内的小基站及位于簇外但与该簇存在较大干扰的小基站作为用户的备选服务基站,采用迫零预编码消除备选服务基站中的非服务基站对用户的干扰,用户从备选服务基站中选出若干待选服务基站,簇头以最大化簇内用户吞吐量之和为目标从待选服务基站中为用户选择服务基站簇。同时给出一种次优的为用户选择服务基站簇的方法以降低复杂度。仿真结果表明,与相同场景中的已有方案相比,该方法明显提高系统吞吐量。

基于CoMP-JT方案的MMSE-IRC预编码算法

针对LTE-A系统边缘用户存在严重的区间干扰(ICI),而发送端预编码只能减轻用户间干扰,不能降低区间干扰的问题,提出一种基于多点协作技术-联合传输方案(CoMP-JT)的MMSE-IRC预编码算法。该算法在发送端结合MIMO信道特点,利用局部或全局预编码的方式来抑制区间干扰进而提高系统容量,接收端采用干扰抑制合并(IRC)技术来缓解边缘用户的共道干扰(CCI)。仿真结果表明该算法在全局预编码下相对于局部预编码可以有效提高边缘用户吞吐量,降低误码率,而且在共道干扰下MMSE-IRC要比MMSE具有更好的接收性能。

Weighted Sum Rate Maximization in OFDM Based Cooperative Cognitive Radios: A Joint Optimization Approach

Improving utilization of the radio spectrum is the main goal of Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN). Recent studies made use of cooperative relay technology in cognitive networks, to increase transmission diversity gain. In this paper we consider an OFDM based cooperative cognitive network with a pair of Source-Destination nodes as the primary user (PU), and a pair of Source-Destination nodes—which is assisted with a relay—as the secondary (cognitive) user (SU). Both primary and secondary users share a same spectrum. In a two hop transmission, the source transmits in the first hop, and the half-duplex relay decodes the message, re-encodes and forwards it to the destination in the second hop on a different subcarrier. The cognitive network obeys an underlay paradigm where the SU is allowed to transmit simultaneously with PU, while its power is limited such that the interference caused for PU does not exceed a defined temperature. Under this constraint, a joint subcarrier pairing and power allocation is proposed for SU to maximize its weighted sum rate. The problem is transformed to a convex optimization problem and solved in the dual domain. Then an algorithm to achieve feasible solutions is used based on the optimization results. Through extensive simulations, we compare the spectrum utilization of the proposed approach with the existing ones, and show that interestingly the proposed method improves the weighted sum rate of SU.

CoMP-JT中预编码与功率联合分配算法

在CoMP(协作多点发送/接收)联合传输资源分配中,研究发现在单天线功率约束条件下,传统的迫零波束赋形预编码技术会降低平均天线发射功率利用率。为了进一步提升系统吞吐量,文章提出一种预编码与功率联合分配算法,该算法采用一种预编码迭代计算方式,提高了天线发射功率利用率。仿真结果表明,所提算法与传统的预编码相比性能有较大提高。

圆谐Joint变换光学图像识别的研究

圆谐Joint变换光学图像识别的研究@冯选旗@刘聚成@王涛...

基于LSTM的高压输电电缆接头异常预警系统设计

高压输电电缆接头异常预警容易受到谐波电流影响,导致预警效果不佳,为此设计了基于LSTM的高压输电电缆接头异常预警系统。检测高压输电电缆接头异常电流谐波,获取电缆接头介质状态。设计CC2430微处理器预警模块,负责处理预警区域内电流数据。构建接地线电流检测模块,负责评估电缆接头异常。构建LSTM神经网络预警模型,对比分析实时状态与模型中检测点状态,获取当前电缆接头状态的预测值。采用移动平均技术分析电流数据的整体变化走向,判断电流预测数据与阈值关系,根据系统指示灯颜色区分异常等级。由实验结果可知,该系统电流数值最大值为125 A,变化曲线与实际曲线一致,说明该系统的预警效果较好。

钢-UHPC结合段PBL连接件和钢梁端面承压联合作用研究

钢-混结合段作为钢梁和混凝土连接为整体的核心部件,传力构件的受力性能对钢-混凝土结合段至关重要。为提高结合段的力学性能,进行了仅有钢梁端面承压、PBL连接件和两者联合作用3组推出试验。结果表明:3组试件最终破坏裂缝分布均为钢梁端面侧“八”字形分布;钢梁端面组(D组)试件破坏模式主要为UHPC的开裂破坏而失效,PBL连接件组(P组)和联合作用组(PD组)试件主要是贯穿钢筋的剪切破坏而失效;3组试件的荷载-滑移曲线均包含弹性、裂缝开展和屈服3个阶段,由于贯穿钢筋和UHPC榫具有抑制裂缝开展和提高试件延性的作用,P组和PD组试件裂缝开展阶段较D组更短,屈服阶段更长,延性更好。对荷载-滑移曲线进行拟合,提出了钢梁端面承压和PBL连接件承载力随滑移量变化的计算公式。引入滞后滑移差Δs_(j),当Δs_(j)=0~0.67 mm时,联合作用计算结果偏于安全。计算得到钢梁端面承压传力比例约为43%,PBL连接件传力比例约为57%,两者传力效果基本相当。利用UHPC作为外包混凝土时,建议采用承载能力更高的贯穿钢筋,以充分发挥UHPC的高强性能,从而提高结合段的承载能力。

钢管输电塔挂线节点足尺模型失效模式与承载力提升分析

针对特高压钢管输电塔挂线位置节点在极端荷载下的安全性,提出了挂线节点双侧挂线板协同受力的构造改进措施,并对比研究两种挂线节点的极限承载力与失效模式。通过足尺挂线节点处的承载力试验与有限元分析,比较挂线节点在单侧板受力、双侧板受力情况下的应力分布与承载能力,分析传力螺母与挂线板之间的合理初始间距。结果表明:双侧受力时两侧挂线板均发生弯曲破坏,受力形式更加合理,节点板应力分布更加均匀,挂线点的屈服承载力可以提升一倍以上,传力螺母与挂线板之间的合理初始间隙为2~4 mm。