Jojoba（Simmondsia chinensis） is mainly distributed in desert,and the molecular mechanisms of jojoba in response to abiotic stress still remain elusive.In this paper,we cloned and characterized a SOD gene from jojoba...Jojoba（Simmondsia chinensis） is mainly distributed in desert,and the molecular mechanisms of jojoba in response to abiotic stress still remain elusive.In this paper,we cloned and characterized a SOD gene from jojoba named as ScMnSOD,and introduced into Arabidopsis to investigate its functions of responding to drought stress.The transgenic Arabidopsis showed an improvement in drought tolerance.Moreover,under a water deficit condition,the accumulation of reactive oxygen species（ROS） was remarkably decreased in the transgenic lines compared to the WT.Furthermore,the ScMnSOD promoter was cloned to the 5′-upstream of GUS coding region in a binary vector,and introduced into Arabidopsis.And results showed that ScMnSOD expression can be induced by drought,salt,ABA,and low temperature.In conclusion,ScMnSOD plays an important role in drought tolerance which is,at least partially,attributed to its role in ROS detoxification.展开更多
The present study was carried out to investigate the total and partial replacement of Jojoba meal （JM）, Simmondsia chinensis, with fishmeal （FM） at different levels （0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%） on growth perfor...The present study was carried out to investigate the total and partial replacement of Jojoba meal （JM）, Simmondsia chinensis, with fishmeal （FM） at different levels （0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%） on growth performance, feed utilization, and carcass composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fingerlings with an average weight of 1.65 ± 0.01 g/fish stocked at a rate of 10 fish/aquarium for 84 days experimental period. All experimental diets were isocaloric （437.69 kcal/100 g Dry Matter, DM） and isonitrogenous （30.5% crude protein） and supplemented with 0.5% L-Methionine and 0.5% L-Lysine Hcl. Results showed that there were a significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in final body weights, average daily gain （g fish^-1 dayl）, specific growth rate （SGR, % day^-1）, feed conversion ratio （FCR）, protein efficiency ratio （PER）, protein productive value （PPV%） and energy retention （ER%） among the tested groups. Nile tilapia fingerlings fed on the diet containing 25% S. chinensis protein exhibited comparable growth performance to those fed FM protein based diet. Carcass composition of crude protein decreased significantly （P 〈_ 0.05） with increasing JM replacement level above 50%, while replacement 25% JM does not affect DM and Crude Protein of fish flesh. On the other hand, increasing JM replacement level up to 75% increased Ether Extract % significantly （P 〈 0.05） and increasing JM up to 100% increased ash content significantly （P ≤ 0.05） while energy content （EC） decreased. It could be concluded the replacement of 25% Jojoba meal instead of fishmeal in Nile tilapia fingerlings diets is possible without any adverse effects on its growth performance or feed utilization.展开更多
Jojoba is a desert shrub,introduced in the marginal areas of Kenya during 1980s.Jojoba domestication is being faced by browsing problems due to pastoralism in these areas.Massive browsing of leaves lowers photosynthes...Jojoba is a desert shrub,introduced in the marginal areas of Kenya during 1980s.Jojoba domestication is being faced by browsing problems due to pastoralism in these areas.Massive browsing of leaves lowers photosynthesis leading to decline in plant functions.An experiment was set up in Maungu,with the aim of determining the effect of browsing on jojoba seedlings.The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three treatments replicated three times.The treatments consisted of varying levels of browsing as follows:non browsed,50%browsed and fully browsed.Seedlings were raised for six months before sampling.Variables assessed were:survival,height,root-collar diameter,leaf size,root length and number,internode length,sprout number,root/shoot ratio and total biomass.ANOVA was performed to determine differences among the treatments whilst significant differences among the means were separated using least significant difference(LSD)at p≤0.05.Results showed fully browsed seedlings were significantly lower in height(26.2 cm),internode length(9.7 mm),leaf length(18.3 mm)and width(10.4 mm)and total fresh plant biomass(11.0 g)compared to the non browsed ones which showed 31.1 cm,23.2,36.1 and 16.6 mm and 17.8 g,respectively.On the other hand,fully browsed seedlings showed significantly higher root/shoot ratio.Seedling growth was negatively affected by severity of browsing which resulted in stunted growth.The study recommended that browsing of seedlings should be prevented since it hinders plant growth.展开更多
Aim:This study aimed to determine the composition of ethanol extract of jojoba seeds,and to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects in rats fed fumonisin B1(FB1)-contaminated diet.Methods:Jojoba seeds were extracted in ...Aim:This study aimed to determine the composition of ethanol extract of jojoba seeds,and to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects in rats fed fumonisin B1(FB1)-contaminated diet.Methods:Jojoba seeds were extracted in 95%ethanol,and the chemical composition was determined.Male rats were divided into six groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows:(1)Untreated control;(2)FB1-contaminated diet(80 mg/kg diet);(3)low dose(0.5 mg/kg b.w.)jojoba extract;(4)high dose(1.0 mg/kg b.w.)jojoba extract;(5)low dose jojoba extract plus FB1;and(6)high dose jojoba extract plus FB1.Blood and liver samples were collected for different biochemical analyses and histological examinations.Results:The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of jojoba is rich in protein,phenolic compounds,phytic acid,and considerable amounts of simmondsin.Animals fed FB1-contaminated diet showed severe biochemical and histological changes typical to those reported in literature.Treatment with jojoba seed extract alone at the two tested doses did not induce significant alterations in all parameters tested.Combined treatment of jojoba seed extract with FB1 eliminated hepatotoxicity induced by FB1,especially at low dose of jojoba seed extract.Conclusion:The authors concluded that jojoba seed extract can be incorporated in FB1-contaminated feed to eliminate FB1-induced hepatotoxicity.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30970286, 31270362 and 31070289)
文摘Jojoba（Simmondsia chinensis） is mainly distributed in desert,and the molecular mechanisms of jojoba in response to abiotic stress still remain elusive.In this paper,we cloned and characterized a SOD gene from jojoba named as ScMnSOD,and introduced into Arabidopsis to investigate its functions of responding to drought stress.The transgenic Arabidopsis showed an improvement in drought tolerance.Moreover,under a water deficit condition,the accumulation of reactive oxygen species（ROS） was remarkably decreased in the transgenic lines compared to the WT.Furthermore,the ScMnSOD promoter was cloned to the 5′-upstream of GUS coding region in a binary vector,and introduced into Arabidopsis.And results showed that ScMnSOD expression can be induced by drought,salt,ABA,and low temperature.In conclusion,ScMnSOD plays an important role in drought tolerance which is,at least partially,attributed to its role in ROS detoxification.
文摘The present study was carried out to investigate the total and partial replacement of Jojoba meal （JM）, Simmondsia chinensis, with fishmeal （FM） at different levels （0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%） on growth performance, feed utilization, and carcass composition of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Fingerlings with an average weight of 1.65 ± 0.01 g/fish stocked at a rate of 10 fish/aquarium for 84 days experimental period. All experimental diets were isocaloric （437.69 kcal/100 g Dry Matter, DM） and isonitrogenous （30.5% crude protein） and supplemented with 0.5% L-Methionine and 0.5% L-Lysine Hcl. Results showed that there were a significant differences （P 〈 0.05） in final body weights, average daily gain （g fish^-1 dayl）, specific growth rate （SGR, % day^-1）, feed conversion ratio （FCR）, protein efficiency ratio （PER）, protein productive value （PPV%） and energy retention （ER%） among the tested groups. Nile tilapia fingerlings fed on the diet containing 25% S. chinensis protein exhibited comparable growth performance to those fed FM protein based diet. Carcass composition of crude protein decreased significantly （P 〈_ 0.05） with increasing JM replacement level above 50%, while replacement 25% JM does not affect DM and Crude Protein of fish flesh. On the other hand, increasing JM replacement level up to 75% increased Ether Extract % significantly （P 〈 0.05） and increasing JM up to 100% increased ash content significantly （P ≤ 0.05） while energy content （EC） decreased. It could be concluded the replacement of 25% Jojoba meal instead of fishmeal in Nile tilapia fingerlings diets is possible without any adverse effects on its growth performance or feed utilization.
文摘Jojoba is a desert shrub,introduced in the marginal areas of Kenya during 1980s.Jojoba domestication is being faced by browsing problems due to pastoralism in these areas.Massive browsing of leaves lowers photosynthesis leading to decline in plant functions.An experiment was set up in Maungu,with the aim of determining the effect of browsing on jojoba seedlings.The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three treatments replicated three times.The treatments consisted of varying levels of browsing as follows:non browsed,50%browsed and fully browsed.Seedlings were raised for six months before sampling.Variables assessed were:survival,height,root-collar diameter,leaf size,root length and number,internode length,sprout number,root/shoot ratio and total biomass.ANOVA was performed to determine differences among the treatments whilst significant differences among the means were separated using least significant difference(LSD)at p≤0.05.Results showed fully browsed seedlings were significantly lower in height(26.2 cm),internode length(9.7 mm),leaf length(18.3 mm)and width(10.4 mm)and total fresh plant biomass(11.0 g)compared to the non browsed ones which showed 31.1 cm,23.2,36.1 and 16.6 mm and 17.8 g,respectively.On the other hand,fully browsed seedlings showed significantly higher root/shoot ratio.Seedling growth was negatively affected by severity of browsing which resulted in stunted growth.The study recommended that browsing of seedlings should be prevented since it hinders plant growth.
基金supported by the National Research Centre,Dokki,Cairo,Egypt(Project No.10070112).
文摘Aim:This study aimed to determine the composition of ethanol extract of jojoba seeds,and to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects in rats fed fumonisin B1(FB1)-contaminated diet.Methods:Jojoba seeds were extracted in 95%ethanol,and the chemical composition was determined.Male rats were divided into six groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows:(1)Untreated control;(2)FB1-contaminated diet(80 mg/kg diet);(3)low dose(0.5 mg/kg b.w.)jojoba extract;(4)high dose(1.0 mg/kg b.w.)jojoba extract;(5)low dose jojoba extract plus FB1;and(6)high dose jojoba extract plus FB1.Blood and liver samples were collected for different biochemical analyses and histological examinations.Results:The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of jojoba is rich in protein,phenolic compounds,phytic acid,and considerable amounts of simmondsin.Animals fed FB1-contaminated diet showed severe biochemical and histological changes typical to those reported in literature.Treatment with jojoba seed extract alone at the two tested doses did not induce significant alterations in all parameters tested.Combined treatment of jojoba seed extract with FB1 eliminated hepatotoxicity induced by FB1,especially at low dose of jojoba seed extract.Conclusion:The authors concluded that jojoba seed extract can be incorporated in FB1-contaminated feed to eliminate FB1-induced hepatotoxicity.
