Integrating GPT into the Journalism and Communication Industries:The Technological Logic,Ecosystem Reconstruction,and Ethical Chal enges

Generative AI,represented by GPT(Generative Pre-trained Transformer),is now leading the technological revolution and is reconstructing the journalism and communication industries'ecosystems because of its powerful generative capacity and diverse range of outputs.While GPT is busy revolutionizing and innovating the production of news content,working patterns,and operation modes,it has also given rise to ethical concerns in regard to news authenticity,data security,humanistic values,and other related aspects.Therefore,it is imperative to initiate strategies and approaches,such as establishing a mechanism for verifying information authenticity,enhancing data security and privacy regulations,and instituting an ethical supervision and governance framework for AI,in order to facilitate the systematic advancement of AI-based news production while reinstating public trust.

A Case Study of Periodical Terminologies’Mis-translations in History of Chinese Journalism by Ko Kung-chen under Analysis-Synthesis Translation Mode

From the perspective of analysis-synthesis translation mode,this paper discusses the translator’s responsibility and the translator’s role in the translation of historiography,based on the case of Ko Kung-chen’s History of Chinese Journalism.Missionary J.S.Roberts believed that translation is the logical combination of two processes of analysis and synthesis.The analysis process is characterized by understanding,emphasizing accurate understanding and professional analysis of the source text,while the synthesis process focuses on the transformation of language and culture.The two processes are dependent,forming the whole process of translation altogether.As the indisputable subject of translation,the translator should assume his own subjective responsibility in the two processes.The translator should be responsible for the fact and professional academics in the analysis process,and language and culture and translation itself in the synthesis process,playing the role of a reviewer,disseminator and translator to ensure that the translation text would be correct,accurate and professional so as to realize the value of himself and translation.

Fair-News: Digital Journalism Model to Prevent Information Pollution and Manipulation

As digital data circulation increases,information pollution and manipulation in journalism have become more prevalent.In this study,a new digital journalism model is designed to contribute to the solution of the main current problems,such as information pollution,manipulation,and account-ability in digital journalism.The model uses blockchain technology due to its transparency,immutability,and traceability.However,it is tough to provide the mechanisms necessary for journalism,such as updating one piece of information,instantly updating all other information affected by the updated information,establishing logical relationships between news,making quick comparisons,sorting and indexing news,and keeping the changing informa-tion about the news in the system,with the blockchain data structure.For this reason,in our study,we have developed a new data structure that provides both the immutability,transparency and traceability properties of the blockchain and can support the communication mechanisms necessary for journalism.The functionality of our proposed data structure is demonstrated in terms of communication mechanisms such as mutability,context,consistency,and reliability through example scenarios.Additionally,our data structure is compared with the data structure of blockchain technology in terms of time,space,and maintenance costs.Accordingly,while the model size increases linearly in blockchain,the model’s size remains approximately constant since the structure we developed is data-independent.In this way,maintenance costs are reduced.Since our model also has an indexing mechanism,it reduces the linear time search complexity to logarithmic time.As a result,the data structure we developed is found to have higher performance than blockchain in the journalism concept.In future studies,it is planned to test all aspects of the model with a pilot application,eliminate its shortcomings,and develop a holistic approach to the root causes of the problems in the journalism focus.

Urban Journalism： Street by Street

The website philadelphianeighborhoods.com provides news coverage about more than 30 underreported and underserved communities in Philadelphia. Affiliated with Temple University, the website and bimonthly printed editions focus on hyperlocal journalism, or journalism at the street-by-street level. The website has won numerous state, regional, and national awards for its coverage. The goals focus on many aspects of journalism, but this paper will address the successes and failures of this hyperlocal approach and the potential applicability for other organizations.

Online Journalism and the Challenge of Ethics in Nigeria

Online journalism has changed the face of journalism practice in Nigeria and the world at large. The Internet has virtually revolutionized the process of news and information gathering and dissemination. However, not abiding by the ethics of the profession has become its major burden, a situation that is blamed on certain identified factors. Presently, there is no clear distinction between the role of conventional journalism and citizen journalism. Conventional journalism, which is the mainstream profession of joumalism, requires one form of training or the other, either through education or on the job training, for them to discharge their social responsibility role, unlike in the case of citizen journalism, which is presently usurping the role of conventional journalism. This development spells negative effects to the trend of journalism. No doubt, the Internet has removed the barriers of space and time on human interactions; hence, information can easily be obtained at a relatively low cost; but, the major challenges are those of ethics, professionalism, and training. These issues need to be addressed urgently before they set the country on fire. This article traces the background of the ethical challenge and examines its management, highlighting the steps that could be taken to tackle the menace. The reasons for the continued growth in audience of new news site are also explained.

Rights-based Approach to Journalism in Turkey

Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.

教育心理学视域下传播学慕课课程教学目标分析——以Journalism for Social Change为例

本文以美国加州伯克利分校的传播学慕课课程Journalism for Social Change为研究对象,采用观察法的研究方法,从教育心理学的视角,以教学目标设置为切入点,从教学内容、教学形式、互动与反馈等角度进行分析,并进一步整理和分析其教学设计方法中可资借鉴的内容,为传播学慕课课程教学设计提供相关建议。

Comic Relief, Telling Unwanted Truth to Power and Ethical Journalism: Satire Writing in Print Media in Lesotho

Satire writing in news comes in with a lot of humour yet and a lot of truth telling.In Lesotho newspapers,Lesotho Times has the Scrutator column and The Post has Muckracker.These are the columns that play the role of providing commentary on any issue trending in the news,more like the editorial but go further to tell the truth but in a manner that lacks seriousness due to the name calling and banter.This study sought to establish the real reason behind satire writing from the point of view of the journalists,newspaper editors,journalism scholars,and consumers of news in Lesotho.The study also sought to explore satire writing in newspaper news in relation to journalism ethics as name calling and labeling is one of the characteristics of satire writing in newspapers.Information was gathered,presented,and analysed qualitatively.Face to face and telephone interviews were carried out with print journalists and their editors as well as with journalism lecturers,journalism students,and newspaper reading citizens.The findings reflect that satire writing is understood differently by society with others regarding it as controversial and others liking it for truth telling.News producers and scholars appreciate it for the license it provides to tell truth outside the straight jacket strictures of political correctness guiding news production.

The Use of the Internet and the Practice of Journalism in Bahrain

This paper seeks to present the most important results of a field study on the role of using the Internet in enhancing the journalistic assignments in the Kingdom of Bahrain,in accelerating the production and dissemination of news,and in creating new opportunities for communication and interaction with the public.The study also examines Bahraini journalists’perceptions of the changes in their journalistic practice and the positive and negative effects of the Internet on the journalist’s job.In addition,the study examines the possible changes that the Internet makes in relation to the values and ethics of the press.The results showed that the use of the Internet in the press had a positive impact on journalistic practice.Bahraini journalists tend to adopt and use it in their day-to-day work,although they are cautious about the unreliability of news and information on the Internet,their awareness of increased accountability before the public,and their belief in the negative role that the Internet can play in sacrificing accuracy for speed.

The Coverage of Drug Trafficking： Peace and War Journalism in American, Mexican, and Spanish Online Newspapers

Galtung （1998a） held that there are two ways of covering a conflict： the low road and the high road; each road is different in focus. The first is called war journalism and the second is called peace journalism. Based on this, a specialized journalism model on conflict coverage was created： peace journalism. The principles and actions of this model could be used to analyze the making of news that responds to the criteria of peace journalism. In other words, they can be applied in two separate ways, either as tools for the analysis of information on conflicts or as guidelines to create new information. This article focuses on the first approach, the content analysis, to determine if the analyzed news is oriented to either War journalism or peace journalism, according to what peace journalism proposes. The author cares about how the ideology influence in this point. The author analyzed three major newspapers, on its online version： The New York Times, USA; La Jornada, M6xico, and El Mundo, Spain. The first two could be considered left-wing newspapers and the last one is right-wing oriented. The issues covered by the newspapers were the Mexican government war against drugs principally, and issues related with the war against drugs in the world. The results show that the newspaper who scored best and was located within the standards of peace journalism is El Mundo.

Embedded Journalism Within the Framework of Changing Ownership Structure of the Media

Inclination of capital groups--which realize widening impact field of media-to media sector due to relationships based on interests, and relationships/dilemmata between the governing parties and the capital owners have paved the way for a unilateral media structure not hearing the voice of others/local people. It is seen that the main stream media becomes more and more under direction of capital groups. Because of the effects created by the Second World War II, also war and media relation has gain different dimensions. Together with this differentiation, a new notion was born in the field of journalism during occupation period of the lraq by the USA--Embedded Journalism This notion, called as ＂embedded journalism＂ in English can be translated as ＂yapismislik--attachment＂, ＂gomulmusluk---embeddedness＂, and ＂yamanmis-patched＂ in Turkish. In this connection, developments which have also been realized in the media economics in line with globalization process as seen all other aspects of life, changing of ownership structure in the media, and increase of concentrations, monopolization will be scrutinized in our study in addition how the fact of embedded journalism has affected the most important mission of journalism, objectivity within the framework of relations between journalism and government.

An International Journalism Model of Professionalism in News Production： The Concepts and the Measurements

This study aimed to contribute in establishing an international journalism model of professionalism in the production of the news. The main purpose is to explore the degree to which this model predicts the professional values in the media content. In particular, this model was tested on the content of a leading news organization in the Middle East, AI Jazeera, to identify whether or not AI Jazeera reflected professional values in news production or other non-professional values. A total of 592 news stories--234 from AJE and 358 from AJA--published from January I, 2014, to April 30, 2014, were analyzed. The findings of this study indicate that AI Jazeera reflects professional values to a substantial degree. The professional values were reflected highly and nearly two thirds of the stories had professional values in the content. The chi square tests shows there are frequency/percentage differences, but overall the patterns are similar, with no statistically significant differences in the AJA and AlE. Scholarly implications, future studies and limitations were presented in this study.

Journalism Teacher Assessment of Education Inhibitors

Combining,, cultural-historical theory＇ of human development with research pinpointing education inhibitors, a survey was developed to investigate how journalism teachers evaluated the effects of five education inhibitors on their students＇ learning. The list of inhibitors included electronic gadgets, lack of nutrition, parental education levels, family support levels, and racial subcultures. Results showed that use of electronic gadgets and lack of parental edxlcation were perceived as having the most negative influence on learning, while students＂ subcultures were perceived as having the smallest effect. Respondents also knew the least about their students＇ nutritional intake. Further, school size and student socio-economic status seem to play some role in teacher awareness of education inhibitors, and this is an important finding. It shows that while increasing teacher awareness of various education inhibitors, demographic factors also must be considered when targeting specific inhibitors.

The Science Communication in Context of New Media-- The Case of Science Journalism

This article emphasizes the importance of science communication in context of new media. A brief summary is offered of some particular posture of scientific journalism from within new media. With the above background, four priorities for future science communication in context of new media are introduced： （1） a brief description about the actual status of science communication within the new media and mass communication process in general; （2） a solid theoretical and conceptual frame for scientific journalism within new media context; （3） a description of some possible forms of public for scientific journalism; （4） a brief analysis upon the possible set of negative effects of scientific journalism in new media and globalization context, and a need for a larger perspective in any attempt to understand the phenomenon of science communication within new media and mass communication processes.

Importance of Culture and Art Journalism Education Today

In modern-day society structure, every branch of art is presented to individuals and society with mass media. The impacts of mass media in the protection and improvement of cultural and artistic values cannot be denied in the society. By the courtesy of mass media, information is given to the society about the national and international activities in the scope of culture and art. The works, opinions and thoughts of artists can have access to the society. In this area, media becomes individual followers with the specialized journalists. In this context, to achieve the fulfillment of representation deficiency of culture and art in the media, to encourage dealing more frequently and qualitative way, to provide specialization in the scope of culture and art journalism and generalization of the same have importance. The purpose of our study is to transfer the importance of the education to be given in this field by emphasizing the importance of cultural and artistic works in social development.

Importance of Sports Journalism Education

Today in every sphere of life, the concept of sport has great importance and demonstrates itself. The developments pertaining to different sports branches, particularly football, are conveyed to large masses by means of the mass media. The media monitors the sports world accordingly by means of the journalists specialized in this area. At this point, in order to enable the due coverage of various sports branches in the media and their being held in a more scientific and qualitative way, it is very important to provide and sustain specialization in sports journalism. Based on the fact that sport contributes a great deal to the physical and spiritual development of societies, the purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of the education to be provided in this area through different perspectives.

Research on the Contextual and Functional Differences Between New and Old Journalism

Mass Communication media were widespread in 19th and 20th centuries. Those technologies created by humans have had a big impact on both daily and business lives. Newspapers, Radio, TV and Cinema are obvious examples of this impact. Dinting the last two decades of 20th century, spread of personal computers transformed the way people live0 work and think. Some people evaluated the situation as revolution and others as threat to humans. Intemet, in this respect, is considered as mass media. People connect the Internet without time and space limitations. However, communication on the Internet is not mass commtmication because it requires every individual or organization to have a unique Intemet Protocol address （IP） to commtmicate. Because of its peer to peer communication nature just as in the telephone communication, this feature distinguishes Intemet from other commtmication media. On the other hand, it resembles mass communication media because of its mobility, spread and functionality both for sender and receiver. In many sectors, including communication and information technology sectors, mobility, spread and functionality features lead the way to increase interactivity between parties in communication. Businesses benefited the ＂interactivity tool＂ for many purposes： to increase market share for a product or service, to increase customer satisfaction, or to increase amount of information about their customers, competitors or suppliers in order to make strategic decisions. For journalism and generally, for mass media, interactivity is an important aspect of the business. Media corporations must know the needs of their audience before they express and take precautionary steps to satisfy them. This forces the mass media sector to increase interactivity in customer communication. In this paper, we researched the intemctivity effect in journalism that we see especially in internet journalism applications. The research aims to cover opinions of newspapers, advertisers and audience on interactivity and future of mass media communication. For this purpose, fmdings of a survey have been evaluated.

Skill Gaps in Manpower Development of Journalism in Nigeria

Manpower training and development are crucial to productivity in every industry including the media industry. The role of educational institutions in the production of skilled manpower cannot be over-emphasized. But because there exists a gap in the industry between skill requirements and the product offered by the institutions, productivity would be sacrificed. The field of journalism in Nigeria is experiencing a skill gap between what the institutions offer and what is needed in the industry. This paper examines the causes of skill gap in journalism training and the operation requirements on the field in the media industry. The paper observes that culturally relevant curriculum is not designed and implemented in Nigerian journalism schools. Also the training does not catch up with the technological requirements of the 21st century. While still battling with the fundamental challenges of training in the areas of curriculum development, another one arises： the introduction of digitization to the industry. Indeed, the issue of skill gap will always be there as long as there will be innovations, except that concerted efforts are made b＇y all stakeholders to catch up with the ever dynamic trends in the advanced world. The paper therefore concludes that there will always be skill gap as long as these challenges remain.

An Exploratory Study on Joumalistic Professionalism and Journalism Education in Contemporary China

Journalism education and the journalism industry have boomed in the past twenty years in China, however, journalism school graduates are not highly welcomed by media organizations. In order to examine issues and challenges facing journalism education, this study conducted an in-depth interview with practicing journalists and journalism educators through a lens of journalistic professionalism. This paper finds that their perceptions are focusing on expertise, commitment, responsibility but eschewing journalistic autonomy deliberately with respect to journalistic professionalism and concentrating on rigid journalism knowledge without ＂professional＂ or practical ability with respect to journalism education. Limitation and suggestions for future research are also provided.

A Study of the Authenticity of “Braided Journalism” in the Era of Media Convergence from the Perspective of Ethics

Authenticity is the basic ethical principle of journalism.Under the background of media convergence,“braided journalism” has a feature of content integration.While providing people with many more information resources,“braided journalism” faces the challenge of how to confirm the authenticity of the contents.To regulate the production of “braided journalism” and ensure it is authentic and ethical is an important job in developing contemporary media communications.