Cruciferous sprout is a new form of vegetable product rich in bioactive compounds,especially glucosinolates.Previous studies have focused on increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates in cruciferous sprouts by appl...Cruciferous sprout is a new form of vegetable product rich in bioactive compounds,especially glucosinolates.Previous studies have focused on increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates in cruciferous sprouts by applying different chemical regulators,with a particular focus on their contribution to nutritional quality and health benefits.Nevertheless,the effects of melatonin and UV-B irradiation on glucosinolate biosynthesis remain unclear.In this study,it was found that changes in melatonin concentrations significantly affected the contents of individual as well as total aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates.The 5μmol·L^(-1)melatonin was decided as the optimum concentration that could increase the content of beneficial glucosinolates including glucoraphanin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin in Chinese kale sprouts.Notably,the enhancement of glucosinolate accumulation by melatonin treatment could be further amplified by UV-B irradiation.Furthermore,our results showed that R2R3-MYB transcription factor BoaMYB28 and BoaMYB51,which are central regulators of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis respectively,were both involved in the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by melatonin and UV-B irradiation.Additionally,the expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes,including BoaCYP79F1,BoaCYP83A1,BoaSUR1,BoaUGT74B1,BoaCYP79B2,BoaCYP79B3,and BoaCYP83B1 participated in the formation of core structures and BoaFMOGS-OX5,BoaAOP2,BoaCYP81F2,and BoaIGMT1 involved in the sidechain modification of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate,was regulated by melatonin or UV-B irradiation.Taken together,these findings provide a potential strategy for improving the nutritional quality and resistance of Chinese kale sprouts.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and growth of kai-lan. [Method] In the context of the same irrigation frequency, the influence of irrigation maxi...[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and growth of kai-lan. [Method] In the context of the same irrigation frequency, the influence of irrigation maximum was researched on growth rate, net assimilation rate, and dry matter distribution of kai-lan. [Result] The results showed that regulation on soil moisture extremely significantly affected accumulation of photosynthate. When soil moisture was insufficient, the growth term from seedling to mature extended and growth rate declined sharply. Besides, the growth term was of extremely significant negative correlation with growth rate. Meanwhile,leaf assimilation rate decreased considerably. For example, when soil moisture was65%, distribution of dry matter in plant organs tended to be rational. [Conclusion]Deficit irrigation would significantly lower growth rate, and improve dry matter distribution in organs and economic yield and quality of kai-lan.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture on the growth and water utilization of Chinese kale. [Method] The law of water absorption and utilization of Chinese kale was researched ...[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture on the growth and water utilization of Chinese kale. [Method] The law of water absorption and utilization of Chinese kale was researched under the same irri- gation frequency and different irrigation maximums. [Result] Soil water deficit re- duced water contents in plants in seedling stage and in plants and various organs in maturation stage; water consumption of individual plant was the lowest in 55% treatment of soil A and 45% treatment of soil B, which showed the values of 2.244 and 2.235 L/plant, respectively, and saved water by 23.91% and 21.14% compared with CK; water use efficiencies of soil A with a water content of 55% and soil B with a water content of 35% were the highest, i.e., 6.043 and 5.958 g/L, which were higher than that of CK by 20.09% and 41.72%, respectively; and regulated deficit irrigation also improved irrigation water productivity, and the two kinds of soil both showed in 75% treatments the highest irrigation water productivities, i.e., 40.44 and 40.49 g/L, which were higher than that of CK by 5.64% and 13.39%, respec- tively. [Conclusion[ Controlling irrigation maximum could save water consumed by Chinese kale, improve water use efficiency and improve yield and quality.展开更多
Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition li...Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid (AAC, 2n = 3x = 29) was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 (tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40) x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 (diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18) by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines (AA + C2, AA + C3, AA + C4, AA + C6, AA + C7) were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents展开更多
Objective To evaluate the effect of 3-month kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice supplementation on coronary artery disease risk factors among hypercholesterolemic men. Methods Thirty-two men with hypercholestero...Objective To evaluate the effect of 3-month kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice supplementation on coronary artery disease risk factors among hypercholesterolemic men. Methods Thirty-two men with hypercholesterolemia (〉 200 mg/dL) were recruited after annual health examinations among the faculty and staff at university. The subjects consumed 150 mL of kale juice per day for a 12-week intervention period. Dietary and anthropometric assessments were performed and blood samples were collected to evaluate biochemical profiles before and after supplementation. Results Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, and HDL- to LDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly increased by 27% (P〈0.0001) and 52% (P〈0.0001), respectively. The LDL-cholesterol concentration and the atherogenic index were significantly reduced by 10% (P=0.0007) and 24.2% (P〈0.0001), respectively without affecting body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, or nutrient intakes after three months of supplementation. While there was no difference in the concentration of malondialdehyde, significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P=0.0005) were accompanied by a significant increase in the serum selenium level (P=0.0132). It was also found that the responses of these risk factors to kale juice administration were dependent on smoking status. Conclusion Regular meals supplementation with kale juice can favorably influence serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence contribute to reduce the risks of coronary artery disease in male subjects with hyperlipidemia.展开更多
We investigated the feasibility of using ammonium- and potassium-loaded zeolite (NK-Z) as carriers for fertilizer and for slow release of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Plant growth response and soil analysis were pe...We investigated the feasibility of using ammonium- and potassium-loaded zeolite (NK-Z) as carriers for fertilizer and for slow release of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Plant growth response and soil analysis were performed. The results indicated an increase in the total harvest weight of kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey). Furthermore, higher levels of N and K were detected in soil applied with NK-Z than in soil applied with compound fertilizers. The leaf fresh weight of kale in the fertilizer treatments including NK-Z were 2118.4 and 2111.3 g·plant-1, while the leaf fresh weights of kale in the treatment without NK-Z was 2018.0 g·plant-1. The N and K contents in the soils were maintained in the high level in the NK-Z treatment compared that in control treatment. The results indicate that NK-Z has a great potential as the slow-release fertilizer reducing pollution by preventing leaching to the ground water.展开更多
Bile acid binding potential of foods and food fractions has been related to lowering the risk of heart disease and that of cancer. Steam cooking has been observed to significantly improve bile acid binding of green/le...Bile acid binding potential of foods and food fractions has been related to lowering the risk of heart disease and that of cancer. Steam cooking has been observed to significantly improve bile acid binding of green/leafy vegetables. It was hypothesized that other cooking methods could further improve the bile acid binding of various vegetables. Sautée cooking resulted in in vitro bile acid binding measured on a dry matter basis relative to cholestyramine of 14% for mustard greens and kale, 9% for broccoli, 8% for collard greens, 6% for cabbage, and 5% for green bell pepper. These results point to the significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) health promoting potential of mustard greens = kale > broccoli > collard greens > cabbage > green bell pepper. Sautéing significantly improved in vitro bile acid binding of mustard greens, kale, broccoli, cabbage and green bell pepper compared with steaming, boiling or raw (uncooked). Collard greens exhibited significantly higher bile acid binding by steaming compared with sautéing, boiling or raw. Data suggest that the cooking method with most heath promoting potential for mustard greens, kale, broccoli, cabbage and green bell pepper should be sautéing. Steaming should be used for collard greens as the cooking method. These green/leafy vegetables, when consumed regularly after sautéing, would promote a healthy lifestyle and have the potential to lower the risk of premature degenerative diseases.展开更多
There has been a rapidly increasing urbanization and industrialization as well as increased usage of agrochemicals in the recent few years which have resulted in accumulation of heavy metals in cultivated food, soils ...There has been a rapidly increasing urbanization and industrialization as well as increased usage of agrochemicals in the recent few years which have resulted in accumulation of heavy metals in cultivated food, soils and water. This research aimed at establishing the levels of Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+ metal ions in kales, soil and irrigation water on farms along river Moiben. Twenty seven samples of vegetables, soil and water samples were collected using purposive sampling method, that is, the samples were collected from the households who had kales in their farms. Samples were then dried, grounded, digested and analyzed using Inductive Couple Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that the Fe had the highest mean in soil and water with the values of 250.22 ± 85.37 and 0.72 ± 0.33 mg/kg respectively, while in kales Zn value was highest with a value of 0.0154 ± 0.007 mg/kg. The metal ion concentrations in the soils and the irrigation water were higher than in kales. The concentrations on the metal ions were following this order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd for soil as well as for water but for the kales sample it followed slightly different order Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. In soil samples, metal ions concentrations (mg/kg) were found to be high compared to the levels in water and kales. ANOVA tests revealed that the mean difference in heavy metals concentration from different stations within the area was insignificant (p > 0.05) with an exception of Cd (p = 0.001) in water samples, Fe (p = 0.007) in kales samples, Zn (p = 0.016) and Cd (p = 0.011) in the samples of soil. Results were compared to the acceptable levels set by World Health Organization (WHO) and the study showed that for kales, concentrations of the metal ions were all lower than the (WHO) set standards. For water samples, Fe, Pb, Mn metal ions were above the WHO set standards. The presence of the investigated heavy metals in the samples could be pointed to excessive use of agrochemicals as indicated by our earlier survey on the use of agrochemicals. We therefore recommend thorough investigations and monitoring of the said heavy metals in the commercially distributed agrochemicals.展开更多
The content of phytochemicals in vegetables is strongly affected by genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors, and by transportation and storage conditions, potentially affecting the sensory and putative health-pr...The content of phytochemicals in vegetables is strongly affected by genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors, and by transportation and storage conditions, potentially affecting the sensory and putative health-promoting properties. In this study the impact of different agricultural techniques on the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from a traditional Italian kale landrace, called palm-tree kale (Brassica oleracea L., ssp. acephala DC, var. sabellica L.) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of the different extracts were assessed in a biological system using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The final aim was to evidence whether and how the agronomic practices can affect the antioxidant properties of kale not only in vitro but also in cells. Results herein reported underline the influence of the crop production strategies in establishing the potential health benefits of a vegetable. This research approach could be useful for the selection of production techniques that are able to provide edible vegetables with higher functional activity, and evidences the need to study the food domain as a whole with the nutrition domain, and to integrate all results in order to have an overall “foodomics” vision allowing the improvement of health and well-being.展开更多
Whole grain gluten-free high protein vegetable snacks were evaluated. The snacks were Buckwheat-Peanut Meal-Kale (BPK), BPK-Garlic, BPK-Onion and BPK-Ginger. Peanut meal was utilized to increase the protein content of...Whole grain gluten-free high protein vegetable snacks were evaluated. The snacks were Buckwheat-Peanut Meal-Kale (BPK), BPK-Garlic, BPK-Onion and BPK-Ginger. Peanut meal was utilized to increase the protein content of these snacks as well as to add value to this agricultural byproduct. Snack dough was prepared using water nearly 1:1 as other as is ingredients. About 20 g of snack dough was placed on preheated KrumKake Express 839 Baker and cooked for 2 minutes. Sixty-nine in-house volunteers judged Color/Appearance and Texture/Mouth feel to be similar for the snacks tested. Taste/Flavor for BPK, BPK-Garlic and BPK-Onion snacks was similar and significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than for BPK-Ginger snacks. Odor/Aroma for BPK-Garlic snacks was significantly higher than for BPK-Ginger snacks. Acceptance for BPK and BPK-Garlic snacks was significantly higher than for BPK-Ginger snacks. Ex-pansion 3.6 - 4.2, porosity 0.72 - 0.75 and water activity 0.35 - 0.38 suggests that the snacks tested were light, crispy and have good anti-microbial stability. Acceptance was BPK and BPK-Garlic 94%, BPK-Onion 86% and BPK-Ginger 78%. These snacks contained only 3 - 4 ingredients and could be made in any house hold kitchen and/or in commercial production. Acceptance of 78% - 94% is very desirable. These whole grain gluten-free high protein vegetable healthy nutritious tasty snacks offer choice for all consumers, including individual’s sensitive to gluten.展开更多
Four types of kale-based snacks were investigated on the basis of polyphenol content and composition, glucosinolates amount, and antioxidant activity. The amount of polyphenols resulted to be higher than that of raw m...Four types of kale-based snacks were investigated on the basis of polyphenol content and composition, glucosinolates amount, and antioxidant activity. The amount of polyphenols resulted to be higher than that of raw material, fresh kale (0.57 ± 0.03 mg GAE). The antioxidant activity turned out indeed very effective, resulting sufficient just from 0.72 mg to 2.1 mg to dishearten the activity of 1 ml DPPH to 50%. Glucosinolates present in kale-based snacks ranged from 1.17 mg/gr to 1.52 mg of sinigrin equivalent/gr. Polyphenol profile, obtained by UPLC-DAD analysis allowed us to identify gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and catechin common in all samples. Other polyphenols, that is caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, were found in almost all samples, almost all more abundant than fresh kale, representing a precious source of beneficial metabolites. Our results suggest that such snacks could represent an effective functional dietary supplement also if compared to fresh vegetable. Manufacturing of kale-based snacks does not negatively affect the beneficial effect of the raw material;indeed, such snacks could positively meet people’s expectation, mainly children and young, well known consumers of snacks, which, also in such manner, could be addressed towards a healthier dietary regime.展开更多
A pair of primers was designed according to the reported conserved sequence of the defective in anther dehiscencel (DAD1) gene ofArabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa. A 558 bp long fragment was amplified from geno...A pair of primers was designed according to the reported conserved sequence of the defective in anther dehiscencel (DAD1) gene ofArabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa. A 558 bp long fragment was amplified from genomic DNA of Chinese kale, showing more than 88% identity with the known DAD1 nucleotide sequence and no intron. The reverse of the amplified fragment was ligated to the downstream of the CaMV35S promoter in the plant expression vector pBIl21. Antisense expression vector pBII21-DAD1F was constructed with DAD1 fragment of Chinese kale, and was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which will be used in the transformation to create male sterile materials of Chinese kale.展开更多
Dear Editor,In most flowering plants, the stigma of the flower represents the barrier that prevents any unrelated or incompatible (genetically similar) pollen from germination and fertilizing the ovule, leading to e...Dear Editor,In most flowering plants, the stigma of the flower represents the barrier that prevents any unrelated or incompatible (genetically similar) pollen from germination and fertilizing the ovule, leading to either defective or genetically unfavorable embryos. In Brassicaceae, self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism in the stigmas that can discern compatible versus incompatible mate (pollen), in turn, rejecting self or incompatible pollen, while allowing non-self or compatible pollen to develop successfully to fertilize the ovules. Thus, stigmas have evolved complex mechanisms and specialized proteins to reject incompatible mates and to recognize and accept compatible pollen (Doucet et al., 2016). The fact that SI has been shown to exclusively operate in the stigmas temporally before and during anthesis (Kandasamy et al., 1993) indicates that multiple metabolic pathways essential for pollination exist in these stigmatic papillary cells.展开更多
ζ-Carotene desaturase(ZDS)is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis.Here,the Brassica oleracea var.alboglabra ZDS(Boa ZDS)gene was cloned from Chinese kale via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(...ζ-Carotene desaturase(ZDS)is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis.Here,the Brassica oleracea var.alboglabra ZDS(Boa ZDS)gene was cloned from Chinese kale via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and deposited in Gen Bank(accession number KY662297).The Boa ZDS gene contains an open reading frame of 1 686 bp that encodes a 561-amino acid protein.Sequence analysis indicates that the ZDS protein is apparently conserved during plant evolution and is most closely related to B.oleracea var.capitata and B.rapa.The promoter sequence of the Boa ZDS gene was predicted to harbor several cis-acting elements that are related to light and phytohormone responses.Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that Boa ZDS expression varied among different developmental stages and organs.Relative ZDS expression remained stable during germination and seedling stages and rapidly increased at the mature leaf stage.The leaves showed the highest ZDS expression levels compared to the other organs.ZDS expression decreased in all flower tissues during blooming.The fused protein of Boa ZDS was obtained by prokaryotic expression.Heterologous expression of Boa ZDS in Escherichia coli confirmed that Boa ZDS encodes a functionalζ-carotene desaturase that increases β-carotene accumulation in E.coli cells harboring a β-carotene-producing plasmid.The findings of the present study provide a molecular basis for the elucidation of ZDS gene function in Chinese kale.展开更多
Chinese kale is an important vegetable crop in China, especially in South China where the majority of varieties are grown. It originated in South China and spread throughout Southeast Asia thereafter. Chinese kale can...Chinese kale is an important vegetable crop in China, especially in South China where the majority of varieties are grown. It originated in South China and spread throughout Southeast Asia thereafter. Chinese kale can be classified into two types according to whether the petals are white or yellow. There are also three main cultivated types based on the edible organs, including the stalk and leaf type, the stalk type,and the leaf type. Two primary types have also been defined based on stalk color, including green stalks and red stalks. They are also cultivated based on the type of stalk, including main stalk and lateral stalk types. Significant differences have also been observed in glucosinolate content among the varieties, and a 40-fold difference in neoindle-3-methyl glucosinolate was detected across the cultivars.展开更多
Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid(GA_3). The combination of 3%(0.0...Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid(GA_3). The combination of 3%(0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μmol/L GA_3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA_3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA_3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.展开更多
The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of plasma-activated water(PAW)for inactivating Escherichia coli(E.col)and retention of key quality factors for kale.Different plasma discharge times(1,2,3,4,5,and...The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of plasma-activated water(PAW)for inactivating Escherichia coli(E.col)and retention of key quality factors for kale.Different plasma discharge times(1,2,3,4,5,and 10 min)and different exposure times(2,4,6,8,10,and 15 min)were used to investigate the inactivation effect of E.coli spot-inoculated on kale.The influence of different exposure times on the pH,hardness and color of kale was studied post-treatment.In addition,the effects of PAW on the shelf-life of kale over 12 d of storage at 4℃ were investigated.The results showed that after the treatment of 5-PAW-8(8 min treatment by PAW generated by 5 min plasma discharge),the population of E.coli on kale was reduced by approximately 1.55 log colony-forming units(CFU)/g and the changes in pH,hardness and color of kale were not significant(P>0.05).During the storage period after 5-PAW-8 treatment,the hardness,weight loss,color,surface morphology and ascorbic acid were found to be better than those of the two control groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,no significant changes were observed in pH values,the content of total phenols,or 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity(P>0.05).It is indicated that PAW treatment is a promising methodfor improving microbiological safety and extending the shelf-life of kale.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.32202466,32172593,and32272746)。
文摘Cruciferous sprout is a new form of vegetable product rich in bioactive compounds,especially glucosinolates.Previous studies have focused on increasing the accumulation of glucosinolates in cruciferous sprouts by applying different chemical regulators,with a particular focus on their contribution to nutritional quality and health benefits.Nevertheless,the effects of melatonin and UV-B irradiation on glucosinolate biosynthesis remain unclear.In this study,it was found that changes in melatonin concentrations significantly affected the contents of individual as well as total aliphatic and indolic glucosinolates.The 5μmol·L^(-1)melatonin was decided as the optimum concentration that could increase the content of beneficial glucosinolates including glucoraphanin and 4-methoxy glucobrassicin in Chinese kale sprouts.Notably,the enhancement of glucosinolate accumulation by melatonin treatment could be further amplified by UV-B irradiation.Furthermore,our results showed that R2R3-MYB transcription factor BoaMYB28 and BoaMYB51,which are central regulators of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis respectively,were both involved in the regulation of glucosinolate biosynthesis by melatonin and UV-B irradiation.Additionally,the expression of glucosinolate biosynthetic genes,including BoaCYP79F1,BoaCYP83A1,BoaSUR1,BoaUGT74B1,BoaCYP79B2,BoaCYP79B3,and BoaCYP83B1 participated in the formation of core structures and BoaFMOGS-OX5,BoaAOP2,BoaCYP81F2,and BoaIGMT1 involved in the sidechain modification of aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate,was regulated by melatonin or UV-B irradiation.Taken together,these findings provide a potential strategy for improving the nutritional quality and resistance of Chinese kale sprouts.
基金Supported by Applied Research and Demonstration of Soil Moisture Measurementsbased Automatic Irrigation Technology in Vegetable Production(2015A020209068)+2 种基金Guangdong Province Science and Technology ProjectHigh-efficient Cultivation and Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in Typical Vegetable Fields-Farmland Comprehensive Treatment Technology Plan on Chemical Fertilizer Nonpoint Source Pollution(201502103)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of soil moisture on dry matter accumulation and distribution and growth of kai-lan. [Method] In the context of the same irrigation frequency, the influence of irrigation maximum was researched on growth rate, net assimilation rate, and dry matter distribution of kai-lan. [Result] The results showed that regulation on soil moisture extremely significantly affected accumulation of photosynthate. When soil moisture was insufficient, the growth term from seedling to mature extended and growth rate declined sharply. Besides, the growth term was of extremely significant negative correlation with growth rate. Meanwhile,leaf assimilation rate decreased considerably. For example, when soil moisture was65%, distribution of dry matter in plant organs tended to be rational. [Conclusion]Deficit irrigation would significantly lower growth rate, and improve dry matter distribution in organs and economic yield and quality of kai-lan.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province:Application Research and Demonstration of Automatic Irrigation based on Testing Soil Moisture in Vegetable Production(2015A020209068)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest:Research on High-efficiency Vegetable Cultivation and Typical Vegetable Field Non-point Source Pollution Control Technique in South China,Comprehensive Technical Solution for Non-point Source Pollution by Chemical Fertilizer in Farmland(201502103)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soil moisture on the growth and water utilization of Chinese kale. [Method] The law of water absorption and utilization of Chinese kale was researched under the same irri- gation frequency and different irrigation maximums. [Result] Soil water deficit re- duced water contents in plants in seedling stage and in plants and various organs in maturation stage; water consumption of individual plant was the lowest in 55% treatment of soil A and 45% treatment of soil B, which showed the values of 2.244 and 2.235 L/plant, respectively, and saved water by 23.91% and 21.14% compared with CK; water use efficiencies of soil A with a water content of 55% and soil B with a water content of 35% were the highest, i.e., 6.043 and 5.958 g/L, which were higher than that of CK by 20.09% and 41.72%, respectively; and regulated deficit irrigation also improved irrigation water productivity, and the two kinds of soil both showed in 75% treatments the highest irrigation water productivities, i.e., 40.44 and 40.49 g/L, which were higher than that of CK by 5.64% and 13.39%, respec- tively. [Conclusion[ Controlling irrigation maximum could save water consumed by Chinese kale, improve water use efficiency and improve yield and quality.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(C2006000450).
文摘Interspecific alien addition lines have played significant roles in gene mapping, intergenomic gene transfer and chromosomal homoeological identification between closely related species. Selection of alien addition lines was conducted by karyotype analysis and morphological observation with the reference of parents. Triploid interspecies hybrid (AAC, 2n = 3x = 29) was obtained from Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. parachinensis Qinglu 9601 (tetraploid, AAAA, 2n = 4x = 40) x B. oleracea var. alboglabra Baihua 9705 (diploid, CC, 2n = 2x = 18) by immature hybrid embryo culture in vitro. Five different alien monosomic addition lines (AA + C2, AA + C3, AA + C4, AA + C6, AA + C7) were obtained from the backcross progenies of AAC x AA. Each alien monosomic addition line has some specific morphological characters. It is feasible to obtain alien addition lines from the progenies of AAC × AA by karyotype analysis and morphological observation based on the reference of parents
基金This research was supported by the Brain Korea 21 Project from the Korea Research Foundation
文摘Objective To evaluate the effect of 3-month kale (Brassica oleracea acephala) juice supplementation on coronary artery disease risk factors among hypercholesterolemic men. Methods Thirty-two men with hypercholesterolemia (〉 200 mg/dL) were recruited after annual health examinations among the faculty and staff at university. The subjects consumed 150 mL of kale juice per day for a 12-week intervention period. Dietary and anthropometric assessments were performed and blood samples were collected to evaluate biochemical profiles before and after supplementation. Results Serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, and HDL- to LDL-cholesterol ratio were significantly increased by 27% (P〈0.0001) and 52% (P〈0.0001), respectively. The LDL-cholesterol concentration and the atherogenic index were significantly reduced by 10% (P=0.0007) and 24.2% (P〈0.0001), respectively without affecting body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, or nutrient intakes after three months of supplementation. While there was no difference in the concentration of malondialdehyde, significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity (P=0.0005) were accompanied by a significant increase in the serum selenium level (P=0.0132). It was also found that the responses of these risk factors to kale juice administration were dependent on smoking status. Conclusion Regular meals supplementation with kale juice can favorably influence serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence contribute to reduce the risks of coronary artery disease in male subjects with hyperlipidemia.
文摘We investigated the feasibility of using ammonium- and potassium-loaded zeolite (NK-Z) as carriers for fertilizer and for slow release of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). Plant growth response and soil analysis were performed. The results indicated an increase in the total harvest weight of kale (Brassica alboglabra Bailey). Furthermore, higher levels of N and K were detected in soil applied with NK-Z than in soil applied with compound fertilizers. The leaf fresh weight of kale in the fertilizer treatments including NK-Z were 2118.4 and 2111.3 g·plant-1, while the leaf fresh weights of kale in the treatment without NK-Z was 2018.0 g·plant-1. The N and K contents in the soils were maintained in the high level in the NK-Z treatment compared that in control treatment. The results indicate that NK-Z has a great potential as the slow-release fertilizer reducing pollution by preventing leaching to the ground water.
文摘Bile acid binding potential of foods and food fractions has been related to lowering the risk of heart disease and that of cancer. Steam cooking has been observed to significantly improve bile acid binding of green/leafy vegetables. It was hypothesized that other cooking methods could further improve the bile acid binding of various vegetables. Sautée cooking resulted in in vitro bile acid binding measured on a dry matter basis relative to cholestyramine of 14% for mustard greens and kale, 9% for broccoli, 8% for collard greens, 6% for cabbage, and 5% for green bell pepper. These results point to the significantly different (P ≤ 0.05) health promoting potential of mustard greens = kale > broccoli > collard greens > cabbage > green bell pepper. Sautéing significantly improved in vitro bile acid binding of mustard greens, kale, broccoli, cabbage and green bell pepper compared with steaming, boiling or raw (uncooked). Collard greens exhibited significantly higher bile acid binding by steaming compared with sautéing, boiling or raw. Data suggest that the cooking method with most heath promoting potential for mustard greens, kale, broccoli, cabbage and green bell pepper should be sautéing. Steaming should be used for collard greens as the cooking method. These green/leafy vegetables, when consumed regularly after sautéing, would promote a healthy lifestyle and have the potential to lower the risk of premature degenerative diseases.
文摘There has been a rapidly increasing urbanization and industrialization as well as increased usage of agrochemicals in the recent few years which have resulted in accumulation of heavy metals in cultivated food, soils and water. This research aimed at establishing the levels of Zn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Cr2+, Mn2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+ metal ions in kales, soil and irrigation water on farms along river Moiben. Twenty seven samples of vegetables, soil and water samples were collected using purposive sampling method, that is, the samples were collected from the households who had kales in their farms. Samples were then dried, grounded, digested and analyzed using Inductive Couple Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that the Fe had the highest mean in soil and water with the values of 250.22 ± 85.37 and 0.72 ± 0.33 mg/kg respectively, while in kales Zn value was highest with a value of 0.0154 ± 0.007 mg/kg. The metal ion concentrations in the soils and the irrigation water were higher than in kales. The concentrations on the metal ions were following this order Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd for soil as well as for water but for the kales sample it followed slightly different order Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd. In soil samples, metal ions concentrations (mg/kg) were found to be high compared to the levels in water and kales. ANOVA tests revealed that the mean difference in heavy metals concentration from different stations within the area was insignificant (p > 0.05) with an exception of Cd (p = 0.001) in water samples, Fe (p = 0.007) in kales samples, Zn (p = 0.016) and Cd (p = 0.011) in the samples of soil. Results were compared to the acceptable levels set by World Health Organization (WHO) and the study showed that for kales, concentrations of the metal ions were all lower than the (WHO) set standards. For water samples, Fe, Pb, Mn metal ions were above the WHO set standards. The presence of the investigated heavy metals in the samples could be pointed to excessive use of agrochemicals as indicated by our earlier survey on the use of agrochemicals. We therefore recommend thorough investigations and monitoring of the said heavy metals in the commercially distributed agrochemicals.
文摘The content of phytochemicals in vegetables is strongly affected by genetic, agronomic, and environmental factors, and by transportation and storage conditions, potentially affecting the sensory and putative health-promoting properties. In this study the impact of different agricultural techniques on the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of extracts from a traditional Italian kale landrace, called palm-tree kale (Brassica oleracea L., ssp. acephala DC, var. sabellica L.) was evaluated. Furthermore, the antioxidant effects of the different extracts were assessed in a biological system using primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The final aim was to evidence whether and how the agronomic practices can affect the antioxidant properties of kale not only in vitro but also in cells. Results herein reported underline the influence of the crop production strategies in establishing the potential health benefits of a vegetable. This research approach could be useful for the selection of production techniques that are able to provide edible vegetables with higher functional activity, and evidences the need to study the food domain as a whole with the nutrition domain, and to integrate all results in order to have an overall “foodomics” vision allowing the improvement of health and well-being.
文摘Whole grain gluten-free high protein vegetable snacks were evaluated. The snacks were Buckwheat-Peanut Meal-Kale (BPK), BPK-Garlic, BPK-Onion and BPK-Ginger. Peanut meal was utilized to increase the protein content of these snacks as well as to add value to this agricultural byproduct. Snack dough was prepared using water nearly 1:1 as other as is ingredients. About 20 g of snack dough was placed on preheated KrumKake Express 839 Baker and cooked for 2 minutes. Sixty-nine in-house volunteers judged Color/Appearance and Texture/Mouth feel to be similar for the snacks tested. Taste/Flavor for BPK, BPK-Garlic and BPK-Onion snacks was similar and significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) than for BPK-Ginger snacks. Odor/Aroma for BPK-Garlic snacks was significantly higher than for BPK-Ginger snacks. Acceptance for BPK and BPK-Garlic snacks was significantly higher than for BPK-Ginger snacks. Ex-pansion 3.6 - 4.2, porosity 0.72 - 0.75 and water activity 0.35 - 0.38 suggests that the snacks tested were light, crispy and have good anti-microbial stability. Acceptance was BPK and BPK-Garlic 94%, BPK-Onion 86% and BPK-Ginger 78%. These snacks contained only 3 - 4 ingredients and could be made in any house hold kitchen and/or in commercial production. Acceptance of 78% - 94% is very desirable. These whole grain gluten-free high protein vegetable healthy nutritious tasty snacks offer choice for all consumers, including individual’s sensitive to gluten.
文摘Four types of kale-based snacks were investigated on the basis of polyphenol content and composition, glucosinolates amount, and antioxidant activity. The amount of polyphenols resulted to be higher than that of raw material, fresh kale (0.57 ± 0.03 mg GAE). The antioxidant activity turned out indeed very effective, resulting sufficient just from 0.72 mg to 2.1 mg to dishearten the activity of 1 ml DPPH to 50%. Glucosinolates present in kale-based snacks ranged from 1.17 mg/gr to 1.52 mg of sinigrin equivalent/gr. Polyphenol profile, obtained by UPLC-DAD analysis allowed us to identify gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, and catechin common in all samples. Other polyphenols, that is caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ferulic acid, were found in almost all samples, almost all more abundant than fresh kale, representing a precious source of beneficial metabolites. Our results suggest that such snacks could represent an effective functional dietary supplement also if compared to fresh vegetable. Manufacturing of kale-based snacks does not negatively affect the beneficial effect of the raw material;indeed, such snacks could positively meet people’s expectation, mainly children and young, well known consumers of snacks, which, also in such manner, could be addressed towards a healthier dietary regime.
文摘A pair of primers was designed according to the reported conserved sequence of the defective in anther dehiscencel (DAD1) gene ofArabidopsis thaliana and Brassica rapa. A 558 bp long fragment was amplified from genomic DNA of Chinese kale, showing more than 88% identity with the known DAD1 nucleotide sequence and no intron. The reverse of the amplified fragment was ligated to the downstream of the CaMV35S promoter in the plant expression vector pBIl21. Antisense expression vector pBII21-DAD1F was constructed with DAD1 fragment of Chinese kale, and was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which will be used in the transformation to create male sterile materials of Chinese kale.
文摘Dear Editor,In most flowering plants, the stigma of the flower represents the barrier that prevents any unrelated or incompatible (genetically similar) pollen from germination and fertilizing the ovule, leading to either defective or genetically unfavorable embryos. In Brassicaceae, self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetic mechanism in the stigmas that can discern compatible versus incompatible mate (pollen), in turn, rejecting self or incompatible pollen, while allowing non-self or compatible pollen to develop successfully to fertilize the ovules. Thus, stigmas have evolved complex mechanisms and specialized proteins to reject incompatible mates and to recognize and accept compatible pollen (Doucet et al., 2016). The fact that SI has been shown to exclusively operate in the stigmas temporally before and during anthesis (Kandasamy et al., 1993) indicates that multiple metabolic pathways essential for pollination exist in these stigmatic papillary cells.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31500247)Key Project of Department of Education of Sichuan Province(14ZA0016)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LZ15C150001)
文摘ζ-Carotene desaturase(ZDS)is an important enzyme in carotenoid biosynthesis.Here,the Brassica oleracea var.alboglabra ZDS(Boa ZDS)gene was cloned from Chinese kale via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and deposited in Gen Bank(accession number KY662297).The Boa ZDS gene contains an open reading frame of 1 686 bp that encodes a 561-amino acid protein.Sequence analysis indicates that the ZDS protein is apparently conserved during plant evolution and is most closely related to B.oleracea var.capitata and B.rapa.The promoter sequence of the Boa ZDS gene was predicted to harbor several cis-acting elements that are related to light and phytohormone responses.Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that Boa ZDS expression varied among different developmental stages and organs.Relative ZDS expression remained stable during germination and seedling stages and rapidly increased at the mature leaf stage.The leaves showed the highest ZDS expression levels compared to the other organs.ZDS expression decreased in all flower tissues during blooming.The fused protein of Boa ZDS was obtained by prokaryotic expression.Heterologous expression of Boa ZDS in Escherichia coli confirmed that Boa ZDS encodes a functionalζ-carotene desaturase that increases β-carotene accumulation in E.coli cells harboring a β-carotene-producing plasmid.The findings of the present study provide a molecular basis for the elucidation of ZDS gene function in Chinese kale.
基金supported by the Key Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Section (2013B051000069, 2014B020202005)the Key Project of Science and Information Technology of Guangzhou (201508030021)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31401874)
文摘Chinese kale is an important vegetable crop in China, especially in South China where the majority of varieties are grown. It originated in South China and spread throughout Southeast Asia thereafter. Chinese kale can be classified into two types according to whether the petals are white or yellow. There are also three main cultivated types based on the edible organs, including the stalk and leaf type, the stalk type,and the leaf type. Two primary types have also been defined based on stalk color, including green stalks and red stalks. They are also cultivated based on the type of stalk, including main stalk and lateral stalk types. Significant differences have also been observed in glucosinolate content among the varieties, and a 40-fold difference in neoindle-3-methyl glucosinolate was detected across the cultivars.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31270343 and 31500247)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M581922)
文摘Glucosinolates, anthocyanins, total phenols, and vitamin C, as well as antioxidant capacity, were investigated in Chinese kale sprouts treated with both glucose and gibberellic acid(GA_3). The combination of 3%(0.03 g/ml) glucose and 5 μmol/L GA_3 treatment was effective in increasing glucosinolate content while glucose or GA_3 treatment alone did not influence significantly almost all individual glucosinolates or total glucosinolates. The total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Chinese kale sprouts were enhanced by combined treatment with glucose and GA_3, which could be useful in improving the main health-promoting compounds and antioxidant activity in Chinese kale sprouts.
基金supported by the Grants from the China NationalCenterfor Food Safety Risk Assessment (No.20210349-6602421216)the Qingdao Science and Technology Demonstration and Guidance Project (No.21-1-4-ny-17-nsh)the High-level Talent Research Fund of Qingdao Agricultural University (No.6631115043),China。
文摘The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of plasma-activated water(PAW)for inactivating Escherichia coli(E.col)and retention of key quality factors for kale.Different plasma discharge times(1,2,3,4,5,and 10 min)and different exposure times(2,4,6,8,10,and 15 min)were used to investigate the inactivation effect of E.coli spot-inoculated on kale.The influence of different exposure times on the pH,hardness and color of kale was studied post-treatment.In addition,the effects of PAW on the shelf-life of kale over 12 d of storage at 4℃ were investigated.The results showed that after the treatment of 5-PAW-8(8 min treatment by PAW generated by 5 min plasma discharge),the population of E.coli on kale was reduced by approximately 1.55 log colony-forming units(CFU)/g and the changes in pH,hardness and color of kale were not significant(P>0.05).During the storage period after 5-PAW-8 treatment,the hardness,weight loss,color,surface morphology and ascorbic acid were found to be better than those of the two control groups(P<0.05).Furthermore,no significant changes were observed in pH values,the content of total phenols,or 1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity(P>0.05).It is indicated that PAW treatment is a promising methodfor improving microbiological safety and extending the shelf-life of kale.