Mid-term outcomes of a kinematically designed cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty

BACKGROUND Advances in implant material and design have allowed for improvements in total knee arthroplasty(TKA)outcomes.A cruciate retaining(CR)TKA provides the least constraint of TKA designs by preserving the native posterior cruciate ligament.Limited research exists that has examined clinical outcomes or patient reported outcome measures(PROMs)of a large cohort of patients undergoing a CR TKA utilizing a kinematically designed implant.It was hypothesized that the studied CR Knee System would demonstrate favorable outcomes and a clinically significant improvement in pain and functional scores.AIM To assess both short-term and mid-term clinical outcomes and PROMs of a novel CR TKA design.METHODS A retrospective,multi-surgeon study identified 255 knees undergoing a TKA utilizing a kinematically designed CR Knee System(JOURNEY™II CR;Smith and Nephew,Inc.,Memphis,TN)at an urban,academic medical institution between March 2015 and July 2021 with a minimum of two-years of clinical follow-up with an orthopedic surgeon.Patient demographics,surgical information,clinical outcomes,and PROMs data were collected via query of electronic medical records.The PROMs collected in the present study included the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Joint Replacement(KOOS JR)and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System(PROMIS■)scores.The significance of improvements in mean PROM scores from preoperative scores to scores collected at six months and two-years postoperatively was analyzed using Independent Samples t-tests.RESULTS Of the 255 patients,65.5%were female,43.8%were White,and patients had an average age of 60.6 years.Primary osteoarthritis(96.9%)was the most common primary diagnosis.The mean surgical time was 105.3 minutes and mean length of stay was 2.1 d with most patients discharged home(92.5%).There were 18 emergency department(ED)visits within 90 d of surgery resulting in a 90 d ED visit rate of 7.1%,including a 2.4%orthopedic-related ED visit rate and a 4.7%non-orthopedic-related ED visit rate.There were three(1.2%)hospital readmissions within 90 d postoperatively.With a mean time to latest follow-up of 3.3 years,four patients(1.6%)required revision,two for arthrofibrosis,one for aseptic femoral loosening,and one for peri-prosthetic joint infection.There were significant improvements in KOOS JR,PROMIS Pain Intensity,PROMIS Pain Interference,PROMIS Mobility,and PROMIS Physical Health from preoperative scores to six month and two-year postoperative scores.CONCLUSION The evaluated implant is an effective,novel design offering excellent outcomes and low complication rates.At a mean follow up of 3.3 years,four patients required revisions,three aseptic and one septic,resulting in an overall implant survival rate of 98.4%and an aseptic survival rate of 98.8%.The results of our study demonstrate the utility of this kinematically designed implant in the setting of primary TKA.

Physical and Kinematical Characteristics of Wolf–Rayet Central Stars and their Host Planetary Nebulae

We address the physical and kinematical properties of Wolf–Rayet[WR]central stars(CSs)and their host planetary nebulae(PNe).The studied sample comprises all[WR]CSs that are currently known.The analysis is based on recent observations of the parallax,proper motion,and color index of[WR]CSs from the Gaia space mission’s early third release(eDR3)catalog,as well as common nebular characteristics.The results revealed an evolutionary sequence,in terms of decreasing Teff,from the early hot[WO 1]to the late cold[WC 12]stars.This evolutionary sequence extends beyond[WR]CS temperature and luminosity to additional CS and nebular characteristics.The statistical analysis shows that the mean final stellar mass and evolutionary age of the[WR]CS sample are 0.595±0.13M⊙and 9449±2437 yr,respectively,with a mean nebular dynamical age of 7270±1380 yr.In addition,we recognize that the color of the majority(∼85%)of[WR]CSs tends to be red rather than their genuine blue color.The analysis indicates that two-thirds of the apparent red color of most[WR]s is attributed to the interstellar extinction whereas the other one-third is due to the PN self-extinction effect.

Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty for Valgus Osteoarthritis of More than 10°―Is It Still a “Challenging Surgery”?

Mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty (TKA) for valgus knee is considered a “challenging surgery.” Recently, the kinematic alignment (KA) method has gained attention. This study aimed to present objective clinical data, such as intraoperative balance assessment and radiographic evaluation of postoperative lower extremity alignment after TKA using the KA method for valgus deformity. Twenty-one TKA knees (mean age, 74 years;2 males, 19 females) with KA for severe valgus deformity (hip-knee-ankle-angle ≥ 10°) performed at our department in the past 3 years were included in this study. Intraoperative gap and balance measurements and postoperative radiographic evaluation were performed. A total arc of range of motion was achieved up to 98% of preoperative values at 3 weeks postoperatively. Intraoperative gap and balance were stable throughout the entire range of motion. In addition, there were no statistically significant differences in either balance or gap values at each flexion angle. KA TKA is a “simple surgery” rather than a “challenging surgery” because additional soft tissue procedures are not required, operative time is short, intraoperative and postoperative balance is very stable, and a good alignment is achieved. This procedure may relieve surgeons of the stress of TKA for valgus deformities.

Explicit Symplectic Geometric Algorithms for Quaternion Kinematical Differential Equation

Solving quaternion kinematical differential equations(QKDE) is one of the most significant problems in the automation, navigation, aerospace and aeronautics literatures. Most existing approaches for this problem neither preserve the norm of quaternions nor avoid errors accumulated in the sense of long term time. We present explicit symplectic geometric algorithms to deal with the quaternion kinematical differential equation by modelling its time-invariant and time-varying versions with Hamiltonian systems and adopting a three-step strategy. Firstly,a generalized Euler's formula and Cayley-Euler formula are proved and used to construct symplectic single-step transition operators via the centered implicit Euler scheme for autonomous Hamiltonian system. Secondly, the symplecticity, orthogonality and invertibility of the symplectic transition operators are proved rigorously. Finally, the explicit symplectic geometric algorithm for the time-varying quaternion kinematical differential equation, i.e., a non-autonomous and non-linear Hamiltonian system essentially, is designed with the theorems proved. Our novel algorithms have simple structures, linear time complexity and constant space complexity of computation. The correctness and efficiencies of the proposed algorithms are verified and validated via numerical simulations.

Numerical method for estimation of kinematical parameters for articulated rovers on loose rough terrain

Based on the study of passive articulated rover,a complete suspension kinematics model from wheel to inertial reference frame is presented,which uses D-H method of manipulator and presentation with Euler angle of pitch,roll and yaw.An improved contact model is adopted aimed at the loose and rough lunar terrain.Using this kinematics model and numerical continuous and discrete Newton's method with iterative factor,the numerical method for estimation of kinematical parameters of articulated rovers on loose and rough terrain is constructed.To demonstrate this numerical method,an example of two torsion bar rocker-bogie lunar rover with eight wheels is presented.Simulation results show that the numerical method for estimation of kinematical parameters of articulated rovers based on improved contact model can improve the precision of kinematical estimation on loose and rough terrain and decrease errors caused by contact models established based on general hypothesis.

3D SLOPE STABILITY ANALYSIS WITH KINEMATICAL ELEMENT TECHNIQUE

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Analysis and Simulation of Kinematical Performances of Two Kinds of Parallel Mechanisms Based on the Plane Sprayer

Two kinds of 2-dof parallel mechanisms are proposed in this paper which can be used as the actuator for the plane sprayer. The direct and inverse kinematics solutions of the two kinds of mechanisms are derived on the end operating point and two workspaces are analyzed and compared. The kinematics models of the end operating point of two mechanisms are simulated by Matlab examples obtaining variation of kinematics parameters of these two mechanisms. The research of this paper provides the basis for the selection of mechanism, trajectory planning of the end operating point on the sprayer and often some practical value for trajectory analysis and structure design of the plane sprayer.

A Kinematical Calibration of the Galactocentric Distance

We present a new determination of the Galactocentric distance by a pure kinematical model. Two subgroups of components from the Galactic thin disk, the O-B5 stars and the Galactic open clusters, were selected for our analysis. On the basis of kinematical data of around 1200 O-B5 stars, we obtained an estimated value of Ro=8.25-4-0.79 kpc, while a similar evaluation from 270 Galactic open clusters gives Ro=7.95-4-0.62 kpc. Considering the scatter of Ro given by individual investigators with different methods, our present determinations agree well with the best value proposed by Reid.

The kinematical and space structures of IC 2391 open cluster and moving group with Gaia-DR2

The kinematical parameters,spatial shape and structure of the open cluster IC 2391 and the associated stellar stream are studied here using Gaia Data Release 2(GDR2) astrometry data.The apex positions are determined for the open cluster IC 2391(data taken from Cantat-Gaudin et al.) and for the kinematical stream’s stars mentioned in Montes et al.employing both convergent point and AD-diagram methods.The values of apex coordinates are:(A,D)CP=(6.~h17 ± 0.~h004,-6.°88 ± 0.°381;for cluster) and(6.~h07 ± 0.~h007,-5.°00 ± 0.°447;stream),and(A0,D0) =(6.~h12 ± 0.~h004,-3.°4 ± 0.°3;cluster) and(6.~h21 ±0.~h007,-11.°895 ± 0.°290;stream).The results are in good agreement with the previously calculated values.The positions of the stars in the disk and the spatial dispersion velocities are determined.The paths of cluster and associated stream are traced in the disk by orbit calculation back in time to their places of formation.A possible genetic relationship between the cluster and stream has been detected.The approximation of the spatial and kinematical shape of the stream and the cluster is made.According to this study,even though currently the cluster and stream seem to have a spatial difference in their locations,they appear to have formed in the same region of the Galactic disk.

Coronal Alignment of Three Different Types of Implants in Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study

Background: The number of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgeries performed each year is increasing worldwide and mechanical alignment (MA) is currently seen as the gold standard procedure. However, taking neutral alignment as the universal goal may be mistaken. In our hospital, we currently conduct kinematically aligned TKA (KA-TKA). Three different types of implants are used: the cruciate-retaining (CR) type, cruciate-sacrificing (CS) type, or bi-cruciate-retained (BCR) type. We aimed to compare the coronal alignment observed following KA-TKA and MA-TKA and in normal knees, as well as that achieved with different types of implants. Methods: The study comprised 206 knees of Japanese patients who underwent KA-TKA using varying implants in our Hospital between May 2019 and April 2020. Measurements of pre- and postoperative coronal alignment were determined from weight-bearing full-leg standing radiographs. The postoperative results were compared to measurements taken from patients who underwent MA-TKA (N = 96) and normal knees (N = 60). Results: No significant differences between the KA-TKA group and normal knees were found for the medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) (–4.2° ± 2.6° vs –3.8° ± 2.5°) or joint line orientation angle (JLOA) (0.2° ± 1.9° vs 0.3° ± 1.4°). However, when MA-TKA was compared to KA-TKA and normal knees, there were significant differences in both the MPTA and JLOA (p < 0.01). Furthermore, for the different implant types, MPTA exhibited significantly greater varus alignment when a CS-type was used than with the other two. Conclusions: Here, we demonstrated that following KA-TKA, the articular surface of the tibia exhibited a similar varus alignment as that of normal knees, meaning that the technique reproduces the native knee. Furthermore, KA is patient-specific, and does not have the same failures as MA-TKA. Therefore, we anticipate a paradigm shift from mechanical to kinematic alignment, which may help reduce the dissatisfaction rate of TKA patients.

A Kinematical Study of the NGC 7538 IRS 1 Region

We present high angular resolution images of both NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) lines toward NGC 7538 IRS 1. The density and velocity-position plots have been used to study the interaction among the outflows, winds and their environment. For the first time we have found an expanding half-shell of molecular gas around the HII region associated with IRS 1, which may be produced by the interaction of the bipolar outflows and the winds originating in IRS 1-3, and optical HII region NGC 7538 with ambient molecular gas.

Evaluation of slope stability through rock mass classification and kinematic analysis of some major slopes along NH-1A from Ramban to Banihal, North Western Himalayas

The network of Himalayan roadways and highways connects some remote regions of valleys or hill slopes,which is vital for India’s socio-economic growth.Due to natural and artificial factors,frequency of slope instabilities along the networks has been increasing over last few decades.Assessment of stability of natural and artificial slopes due to construction of these connecting road networks is significant in safely executing these roads throughout the year.Several rock mass classification methods are generally used to assess the strength and deformability of rock mass.This study assesses slope stability along the NH-1A of Ramban district of North Western Himalayas.Various structurally and non-structurally controlled rock mass classification systems have been applied to assess the stability conditions of 14 slopes.For evaluating the stability of these slopes,kinematic analysis was performed along with geological strength index(GSI),rock mass rating(RMR),continuous slope mass rating(CoSMR),slope mass rating(SMR),and Q-slope in the present study.The SMR gives three slopes as completely unstable while CoSMR suggests four slopes as completely unstable.The stability of all slopes was also analyzed using a design chart under dynamic and static conditions by slope stability rating(SSR)for the factor of safety(FoS)of 1.2 and 1 respectively.Q-slope with probability of failure(PoF)1%gives two slopes as stable slopes.Stable slope angle has been determined based on the Q-slope safe angle equation and SSR design chart based on the FoS.The value ranges given by different empirical classifications were RMR(37-74),GSI(27.3-58.5),SMR(11-59),and CoSMR(3.39-74.56).Good relationship was found among RMR&SSR and RMR&GSI with correlation coefficient(R 2)value of 0.815 and 0.6866,respectively.Lastly,a comparative stability of all these slopes based on the above classification has been performed to identify the most critical slope along this road.

VLBI with SKA:Possible Arrays and Astrometric Science

The next generation of very long baseline interferometry(VLBI)is stepping into the era of microarcsecond(μas)astronomy,and pushing astronomy,especially astrometry,to new heights.VLBI with the Square Kilometre Array(SKA),SKA-VLBI,will increase current sensitivity by an order of magnitude,and reach astrometric precision routinely below 10μas,even challenging 1μas.This advancement allows precise parallax and proper motion measurements of various celestial objects.Such improvements can be used to study objects(including isolated objects,and binary or multiple systems)in different stellar stages(such as star formation,main-sequence stars,asymptotic giant branch stars,pulsars,black holes,white dwarfs,etc.),unveil the structure and evolution of complex systems(such as the Milky Way),benchmark the international celestial reference frame,and reveal cosmic expansion.Furthermore,the theory of general relativity can also be tested with SKA-VLBI using precise measurements of light deflection under the gravitational fields of different solar system objects and the perihelion precession of solar system objects.

The ALMA-QUARKS Survey.Ⅰ.Survey Description and Data Reduction

This paper presents an overview of the QUARKS survey,which stands for Querying Underlying mechanisms of massive star formation with ALMA-Resolved gas Kinematics and Structures."The QUARKS survey is observing139 massive clumps covered by 156 pointings at Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array(ALMA)Band 6(λ~1.3 mm).In conjunction with data obtained from the ALMA-ATOMS survey at Band 3(λ~3 mm),QUARKS aims to carry out an unbiased statistical investigation of massive star formation process within protoclusters down to a scale of 1000 au.This overview paper describes the observations and data reduction of the QUARKS survey,and gives a first look at an exemplar source,the mini-starburst Sgr B2(M).The wide-b and width(7.5 GHz)and high-angular-resolution(~0."3)observations of the QUARKS survey allow for the resolution of much more compact cores than those could be done by the ATOMS survey,and to detect previously unrevealed fainter filamentary structures.The spectral windows cover transitions of species including CO,SO,N_(2)D^(+),SiO,H_(30)α,H_(2)CO,CH_(3)CN,and many other complex organic molecules,tracing gas components with different temperatures and spatial extents.QUARKS aims to deepen our understanding of several scientific topics of massive star formation,such as the mass transport within protoclusters by(hub-)filamentary structures,the existence of massive starless cores,the physical and chemical properties of dense cores within protoclusters,and the feedback from already formed high-mass young protostars.

Case Studies of the Microphysical and Kinematic Structure of Summer Mesoscale Precipitation Clouds over the Eastern Tibetan Plateau

Three cases of microphysical characteristics and kinematic structures in the negative temperature region of summer mesoscale cloud systems over the eastern Tibetan Plateau(TP)were investigated using X-band dual-polarization radar.The time-height series of radar physical variables and mesoscale horizontal divergence δderived by quasi-vertical profiles(QVPs)indicated that the dendritic growth layer(DGL,-20°C to-10°C)was ubiquitous,with large-value zones of K_(DP)(specific differential phase),Z_(DR)(differential reflectivity),or both,and corresponded to various dynamic fields(ascent or descent).Ascents in the DGL of cloud systems with vigorous vertical development were coincident with large-value zones of Z_(DR),signifying ice crystals with a large axis ratio,but with no obvious large values of K_(DP),which differs from previous findings.It is speculated that ascent in the DGL promoted ice crystals to undergo further growth before sinking.If there was descent in the DGL,a high echo top corresponded to large values of K_(DP),denoting a large number concentration of ice crystals;but with the echo top descending,small values of K_(DP) formed.This is similar to previous results and reveals that a high echo top is conducive to the generation of ice crystals.When ice particles fall to low levels(-10℃ to 0℃),they grow through riming,aggregation,or deposition,and may not be related to the kinematic structure.It is important to note that this study was only based on a limited number of cases and that further research is therefore needed.

The Early Mesozoic NE-SW Extensional Model and Exhumation Processes at the Southeastern Margin of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt:Insights from the Strain and Kinematic Vorticity Analysis of the Sonid Zuoqi Ductile Detachment Zone

The Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is located at the southeastern margin of the Central Asian orogenic belt(CAOB),striking EW and dipping to the S.The major rock type of the Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is mylonite derived from granite.The sequence of mylonite features is:(1)S and C foliations of mylonite,and(2)extensional crenulation cleavage(ecc)or C′and the kinematic vorticity(Wk)value changed from 0.70 to 0.95 and from 0.37 to 0.69,respectively;the strain type of the mylonites within the Sonid Zuoqi ductile detachment zone is compressional to planar strain.The strong deformation mylonite and Halatu plutons yielded a zircon U-Pb age of 244 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age of 214 Ma,respectively.Based on the strain and kinematic vorticity analysis,together with the zircon U-Pb and zircon(U-Th)/He ages and the regional tectonic background,the study area experienced three stage evolution:tangential simpleshear(244 Ma),simple-shear-dominated general shear represented by upper crustal extension(224 Ma)and pure-shear-dominated general shear represented by the Halatu pluton doming(214 Ma),which constrained the early Mesozoic NE-SW crustal extension at the southeastern margin of the CAOB.This NE-SW extension probably originated from the postorogenic extensional collapse of the CAOB,subsequent exhumation being controlled by the far afield effects of the closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk belt.

浮动基多机协调吊运系统的工作空间分析

At present,the cranes used at sea have several shortcomings in terms of flexibility,efficiency,and safety.Therefore,a floating multi-robot coordinated lifting system is proposed to fulfill the offshore lifting requirements.First,the structure of the lifting system is established according to the lifting task,the kinematic model of the system is developed by using the D–H coordinate transformation,and the dynamic model is developed based on rigid-body dynamics and hydrodynamics.Then,the static and dynamic workspace of the lifting system are analyzed,and the solving steps of the workspace are given by using the Monte–Carlo method.The effect of the load mass and the maximum allowable tension of the cable on the workspace is examined by simulation.Results show that the lifting system has limited carrying capacity and a data reference for selecting the structural parameters by analyzing the factors affecting the workspace.Findings provide a basis for further research on the optimal design of structural parameters and the determination of safe configurations of the lifting system.

Configuration and Kinematics of a 3-DOF Generalized Spherical Parallel Mechanism for Ankle Rehabilitation

The kinematic equivalent model of an existing ankle-rehabilitation robot is inconsistent with the anatomical structure of the human ankle,which influences the rehabilitation effect.Therefore,this study equates the human ankle to the UR model and proposes a novel three degrees of freedom(3-DOF)generalized spherical parallel mechanism for ankle rehabilitation.The parallel mechanism has two spherical centers corresponding to the rotation centers of tibiotalar and subtalar joints.Using screw theory,the mobility of the parallel mechanism,which meets the requirements of the human ankle,is analyzed.The inverse kinematics are presented,and singularities are identified based on the Jacobian matrix.The workspaces of the parallel mechanism are obtained through the search method and compared with the motion range of the human ankle,which shows that the parallel mechanism can meet the motion demand of ankle rehabilitation.Additionally,based on the motion-force transmissibility,the performance atlases are plotted in the parameter optimal design space,and the optimum parameter is obtained according to the demands of practical applications.The results show that the parallel mechanism can meet the motion requirements of ankle rehabilitation and has excellent kinematic performance in its rehabilitation range,which provides a theoretical basis for the prototype design and experimental verification.

Cross-method Analysis of Corotation Radii Data Set for Spiral Galaxies

A corotation radius is a key characteristic of disk galaxies that is essential to determine the angular speed of the spiral structureΩ_p,and therefore understand its nature.In the literature,there are plenty of methods to estimate this value,but do these measurements have any consistency?In this work,we collected a data set of corotation radius measurements for 547 galaxies,300 of which had at least two values.An initial analysis reveals that most objects have rather inconsistent corotation radius positions.Moreover,a significant fraction of galactic disks is distinguished by a large error coverage and almost uniform distribution of measurements.These findings do not have any relation to spiral type,Hubble classification,or presence of a bar.Among other reasons,obtained results could be explained by the transient nature of spirals in a considerable part of galaxies.We have made our collected data sample publicly available,and have demonstrated on one example how it could be useful for future research by investigating a winding time value for a sample of galaxies with possible multiple spiral arm patterns.

How Common can the Origin of Clusters Cha Ⅰ, Cha Ⅱ, ∈Cha and η Cha be?

The trajectories of the groupings η Cha,∈Cha and Cha I,Cha II,constructed backward in time,have been studied.We concluded that the hypothesis about the joint formation of all four of these clusters from one molecular cloud cannot be completely excluded.However,10–15 Myr ago,all these four clusters were located at approximately the same height above the plane of the Galaxy.Thus,the gas-dust clouds from which all these four clusters were formed were located on one broad front.It is possible that the appearance of the Cha I,Cha II,∈Cha and η Cha clusters may be associated with the impact on such a front of shock waves formed after supernova explosions in the Scorpius–Centaurus association.New estimates of the kinematic ages of the clusters Cha I and Cha II are obtained as 0.12±0.19 and 0.05±0.15,respectively.It is shown that the minimum size of the Cha I-north and Cha I-south clusters corresponded to the time of 0.55±0.24 Myr and 0.04±0.18 Myr ago,respectively,and approximately1.5 Myr ago the distance between the trajectories of these two groupings was minimal.