广义竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus(sensu lato)的分类和系统学研究进展

广义的竹叶青蛇属Trimeresurus (sensulato)包含有 4 0多个物种 ,广泛分布在南亚和东南亚国家和地区。目前 ,该类群已经相继被划分为 6个属 :Trimeresurus (sensustricto)、Tropidolaemus、Ovophis、Proto bothrops、Triceratolepidophis、Zhaoermia。本文从形态、细胞以及分子系统学等方面对Trimeresurus (sensulato)

A New Species of the Asian Toad Genus Megophrys sensu lato(Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) from Guizhou Province, China

We describe a new species of the genus Megophrys sensu lato from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA sequences all strongly supported the new species as an independent lineage in Megophrys(Panophrys) clade. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characteristics:(1) small body size with SVL < 38.8 mm in male and SVL < 42.3 mm in female;(2) vomerine teeth absent;(3) tongue not notched behind;(4) a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of each upper eyelid;(5) tympanum distinctly visible, rounded;(6) two metacarpal tubercles in hand;(7) relative finger lengths: II < I < V < III;(8) toes with rudimentary webbing at bases;(9) heels overlapping when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body;(10) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between tympanum to eye when leg stretched forward;(11) an internal single subgular vocal sac in male;(12) in breeding male, the nuptial pads with black nuptial spines on the dorsal bases of the first and second fingers.

Interpretation Criteria for Standardized Western Blot for the Predominant Species of Borrelia Burgdorferi Sensu Lato in China

Objective Western blotting （WB;immunoblotting） is a widely used tool for the serodiagnosis of Lyme borreliosis （LB）,but so far,no generally accepted criteria for its performance and interpretation have been established in China.The present study was designed to determine the criteria for standardized Western blot for the predominant species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in China,in which WB was produced with strain PD91 as the representative strain attributed to predominant genospecies Borrelia garinii of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato.Methods Approximately 13 bands between 14 and 100 kD were differentiated for strain PD91 by using Gel-Pro analysis software.In a study with 631 serum samples （taken from 127 patients with Lyme borreliosis and 504 controls）,all observed bands were documented.To establish criteria for a positive WB result for strain PD91,receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves were used.Results The following interpretation criteria were recommended：for IgG,at least one band of P83/100,P58,P39,P30,OspC,P17,P66,and OspA;for IgM,at least one band of P83/100,P58,OspA,P30,OspC,P17 or P41.In addition,syphilis,leptospirosis and other related diseases should be excluded when the positive band is P41 in IgM.For IgG criteria,the sensitivity is 73.2%,the specificity is 99.4% and Youden index is 0.726;for IgM criteria,the sensitivity is 50.6%,the specificity is 93.1% and Youden index is 0.437.Conclusion Standardization of WB assays is necessary for comparison of results from different laboratories.Moreover,the criteria of other genospecies of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato should be determined in the future to complete the criteria of WB for the diagnosis of the Lyme disease in China.

长喙壳Ceratocystis sensu lato真菌引起的杨树病害

该文着重阐述长喙壳属Ceratocystissensu lato中引起杨树溃疡病最重要的病原菌甘薯长喙壳C.fimbriataEll.et Halst.引起的杨树病害的症状、形态学、寄主范围、传播媒介、致病性、寄主的抗病性和病理变化等。

Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato :An overview of the infection in humans

Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato(H.heilmannii s.l.)is a group of gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species that are morphologically indistinguishable from each other.H.heilmannii s.l.infect the stomach of several animals and may have zoonotic potential.Although the prevalence of these infections in humans is low,they are associated with gastric pathology,including mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma,making them a significant health issue.Here,the taxonomy,epidemiology,microbiology,diagnosis,and treatment of these infections will be reviewed.The gastric pathology associated with H.heilmannii s.l.infections in humans will also be addressed.Finally,the features of the complete bacterial genomes available and studies on species-specific pathogenesis will be reviewed.The understanding of the mechanisms that underlie gastric disease development mediated by the different bacterial species that constitute H.heilmannii s.l.is essential for developing strategies for prevention and treatment of these infections.

Reevaluation of the Holotype of Odorrana schmackeri Boettger,1892(Amphibia:Anura:Ranidae) and Characterization of One Cryptic Species in O.schmackeri sensu lato through Integrative Approaches

The Odorrana schmackeri sensu la to is a group of cascade frogs that are widely distributed in southern China.However,their taxonomy has long been unresolved and several cryptic species have been reported in the past decade.Previous analyses revealed the existence of three sympatrie species(i.c,O.schmackeri,O.hejiangensis and O.sp2) at the type locality of O.schmackeri(Gaojiayan Town,Yichang City,Hubei Province,China).However,the lack of an original description for the holotype specimen(SMF6241) of O.schmackeri poses a confusing and controversial problem in species nomination within this group.Here,we reevaluate the taxonomic affinities of SMF6241 and examine the distinctness of O.sp2 based on specimens from the type locality.We use integrative approaches that combine morphology with 10 microsatellite loci and bioacoustics.Canonical discriminant analysis of morphological characteristics revealed three distinct groupings(i.e.,O.schmackeri,O.hejiangensis and O.sp2) and attributed SMF6241 to O.schmackeri.Genetic clustering analysis of nuclear DNA also identified three corresponding clusters.In addition,analysis of interspecific variation in morphometrics and acoustics showed divergence between O.sp2 and its sympatric congeners.All lines of evidence from morphological,molecular and bioacoustic approaches suggest the species status of O.sp2,namely Odorrana ichangensis Chen,sp.nov.Overall,this study resolves the taxonomic assignment of the holotype of O.schmackeri and provides an example for species delimitation using integrative approaches.

Establishment of Multiple Locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis Assay for Genotyping of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato Detected in China

Objective Human Lyme Borreliosis （LB）, which is caused by Borrefia burgdorferi sensu lato （B. burgdorferi）, has been identified as a major arthropod-borne infectious disease in China. We aimed to develop a multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat （VNTR） analysis （MLVA） assay for the genotyping of Borrelia burgdorJ：eri strains detected in China. Methods B. garinii PBi complete 904.246 kb chromosome and two plasmids （cp26 and Ip54） were screened by using Tandem Repeats Finder program for getting potential VNTR loci, the potential VNTR loci were analyzed and identified with PCR and the VNTR loci data were analyzed and MLVA clustering tree were constrcted by using the categorical coefficient and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA）. Results We identified 5 new VNTR loci through analyzing 47 potential VNTR loci. We used the MLVA protocol to analyse 101 B. burgdorferi strains detected in China and finally identified 51 unique genotypes in 4 major clusters including B. burgdorferi sensu stricto （B.b.s.s）, B. garinii, B. a[zelii, and B. valaisiana, consistent with the current MLSA phylogeny studies. The allele numbers of VNTR-1, VNTR-2, VNTR-3, VNTR-4, and VNTR-5 were 7, 3, 9, 7, and 6. The Hunter-Gaston index （HGI） of five VNTR loci were 0.79, 0.22, 0.77, 0.71, and 0.67, respectively. The combined HGI of five VNTR loci was 0.96. Clustering of the strains of Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang was confirmed, and this situation was consistent with the close geographical distribution of those provinces. Conclusion The MLVA protocol esytablished in this study is easy and can show strains＇ phylogenetic relationships to distinguish the strains of Borrelia species. It is useful for further phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses of Borrelia strains.

Combination of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay and Nested PCR for Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Human Serum Samples

A set of universal loop-mediated isothermal amplification （LAMP） primers targeting the flo gene was designed to detect Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato （B. burgdorferi s.I.） in human samples. The sensitivity of LAMP was 20 copies/reaction, and the assay did not detect false positives among 11 other related bacteria. A positive LAMP result was obtained for 9 of the 24 confirmed cases and for 12 of 94 suspected cases. The positive rate of LAMP was the same as that of nested PCR. The LAMP is a useful diagnostic method that can be developed for rapid detection of B. burgdorferi s.I. in human sera. Combination of the LAMP and nested PCR was more sensitive for detecting B. burgdorferi s.I. in human serum samples.

Codon Usage of Chloroplast Gene rbcL in Laurencia sensu lato(Rhodophyta)species

Recent advances in molecular biology make it possible to sequence not only genes or genomes,but also to understand codon dynamics.For the organelle genes of these organisms,a small set of preferred codons are used for encoding proteins.For the first time,this paper treats the divergence of synonymous codon usage and its bias in the rbcL gene within the Laurencia complex of red algae.We observed that the synonymous codon preference biases in rbcL are large and differ among species.A clear distinction in codon usage between genera is evident:the genera Dasya and Delesseria use a set that fluctuated between 53 and 58 codons.Whereas,in the genera Ceramium,Chondrophycus,Chlamydomonas,Chlorella,Laurencia s.s,Osmundea,and Palisada codon usage indicates a higher restriction fluctuating between 40 to 51 codons.Laurencia complex genera and other representative algae showed a defined composition pattern,with lower percentage values of NNC/G(7-24.9%).Dasya and Delesseria showed a selective pattern tendency because of high percentage values of NNC/G(54-55%).The estimated codon bias parameters were tested to infer systematic relationships and match suitable codons with the NNC/G codon percentages.Cluster analysis based on Codon Usage supports phylogenetic relationships between Chondrophycus,Palisada,Laurencia,Osmundea,and Yuzurua species.

LATO．4低压滤波成套装置

由锡山市恒凯电控厂生产的LATO．4低压滤波成套装置，能消除谐波对用电设备，特别是通讯设备的干扰影响；能抑制高次谐波，减小母线电压正弦波的畸变，确保用电设备的安全运行；能对无功功率进行补偿，提高功率因数；有显著的节电效果(8％～28％)。LATO．4低压滤波成套装置采用西门子骨架，奥地利技术参数，结构合理、独特。

盅口属Cyathostomum Molin,1861,sensu lato(线虫纲Nematoda,毛线科Trichonematidae)的分类修订

盅口属Cyathostomum Molin,1861,not Cyathostoma Blanchard,1849已经拥有相当多的种,对于这个广义的属的进一步分类,迄今还没有一致的意见,不同作者、不同国家常常各自采用不同的分类系统。为此。

Classification and applied uses of Bryaceae sensu lato(Musci) in China

The Bryaceae is a large, cosmopolitan, taxonomically difficult moss family. Recent studies based on molecular data alone or in combination with morphological data have greatly changed the understanding of phylogenetic relationships in the Bryaceae s.l. and indicate that the Bryaceae is not monophyletic. Based on phylogenetic analyses of sequence data for four cpDNA regions and morphological data, we revise the traditional Bryaceae in China and transfer six genera to other families. The Mielichhoferiaceae was redefined previously by Hill et al. based on the presence of much-branched stems, apparently lateral gametangia, Pohlia-like leaves, and a more-or-less reduced peristome. Five genera of Mielichhoferiaceae are present in China: Mielichhoferia(four species), Pohlia(27 species, two varieties), Pseudopohlia(one species), Epipterygium(two species), and Synthetodontium(one species). The genera Orthodontium and Leptobryum are transferred from the Bryaceae s.l. to Orthodontiaceae and Meesiaceae, respectively. Members of the recircumscribed Bryaceae belong to five genera: Anomobryum(five species), Brachymenium(14 species), Bryum(54 species, two varieties), Plagiobryum(three species), and Rhodobryum(four species). Bryaceae diversity is high in China. The species have potential uses in medicine, landscaping, environmental protection, and other fields. Rhodobryum roseum(Hedw.) Limpr., Bryum argenteum Hedw., and Rhodobryum giganteum(Schw gr.) Paris have long been used to cure cardiovascular disease in China. Some bioactive compounds will be leading compounds for the future design of novel drugs. In recent years, many species of Bryaceae have been used for landscaping. Bryum spp. are the dominant biotic species in biological soil crusts, which serve important ecological protective functions.

细粒棘球绦虫PCNA蛋白生物信息学分析及验证

【目的】分析细粒棘球绦虫(Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato,Eg)增殖细胞核抗原(proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA)蛋白的生物信息学特性,以及去氢骆驼蓬碱(HM)及其衍生物(H-2-168与H-2-104)对EgPCNA蛋白含量的影响,以期治疗囊型棘球蚴病并为药物靶点的筛选奠定基础。【方法】运用PCR扩增并克隆EgPCNA基因全长序列,采用生物信息学软件预测和分析EgPCNA蛋白相关生物学信息。利用Mega 7.0构建蛋白序列系统发育树,并运用Western blotting分析HM及其衍生物(H-2-168与H-2-104)对EgPCNA蛋白含量的影响。【结果】EgPCNA基因全长783 bp,编码260个氨基酸,EgPCNA蛋白分子质量为28.36435 ku,等电点为4.62,脂肪指数为96.81,亲水性值为-0.015,为亲水性蛋白,无跨膜结构域。亚细胞定位预测结果显示,蛋白分布于细胞质。该蛋白含有PCNA超家族结构与PCNA保守功能结构域,二级结构主要为无规则卷曲,其次是α-螺旋,有2条可靠的B细胞抗原表位,与人和家鼠等哺乳动物的亲缘关系较远。Western blotting分析结果显示,与DMSO组相比,HM组EgPCNA蛋白表达量极显著上调(P<0.01),H-2-168与H-2-104组EgPCNA蛋白表达量均显著下调(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究成功克隆了EgPCNA全长基因。EgPCNA蛋白对细粒棘球绦虫的DNA复制和修复具有调控作用,H-2-168与H-2-104具有下调EgPCNA蛋白含量的功能。

细粒棘球绦虫DNA损伤修复聚合酶ζ生物信息学分析及初步验证

目的对细粒棘球绦虫DNA损伤修复聚合酶ζ(DNA damage repair polymeraseζof Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato,EgPolζ)进行生物信息学分析,并分析去氢骆驼蓬碱(Harmine,HM)及其衍生物H-2-168、H-2-104干预后对EgPolζ的影响。方法提取细粒棘球绦虫总RNA并逆转录合成cDNA,利用RT-PCR技术克隆EgPolζ,通过测序获得EgPolζ全长序列。采用生物信息学在线网站、在线数据库与分析软件等工具预测和分析EgPolζ相关生物学信息,构建系统进化树进行同源性比较,HM及其衍生物H-2-168和H-2-104与EgPolζ蛋白进行分子对接。Western Blot检测HM及其衍生物H-2-168和H-2-104干预细粒棘球绦虫后EgPolζ含量变化。结果经生物信息学预测分析EgPolζ为亲水性蛋白,缺乏信号肽位点,但具有一个跨膜区域;该蛋白具有多个酸磷酸化位点;其结构域包含DNA聚合酶δ催化亚单位、3'-5'核酸外切酶结构域超家族与DNA聚合酶B型家族催化域;EgPolζ二级结构中与抗原表位相关的β-折叠约占4.59%;分析EgPolζB细胞抗原表位且对其进行评估后得到8条预测表位;EgPolζ与多房棘球绦虫(Echinococcus multilocularis,Em)的Polζ序列相似性为93.56%,二者同属于绦虫纲,进化关系较近,与智人和家鼠等哺乳动物的进化关系较远。HM、H-2-168和H-2-104与EgPolζ蛋白结合能分别为-5.91、-5.71与-5.05 kcal/mol;Western Blot结果分析:与DMSO组相比,HM组与H-2-104组EgREV3蛋白含量均降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);H-2-168组中EgREV3蛋白含量无显著变化(P>0.05)。结论成功克隆了EgPolζ全长序列,分析预测EgPolζ对细粒棘球绦虫的DNA修复具有调控作用,且HM与H-2-104抑制EgPolζ蛋白表达,从而影响细粒棘球绦虫DNA损伤修复功能。

金环胡蜂虫草来源真菌的分离鉴定及其代谢产物的抗菌、抗炎活性评价

目的探究金环胡蜂虫草的虫生真菌及内生真菌的多样性,筛选出具有抗菌、抗炎活性的真菌,为活性天然药物的开发提供微生物资源。方法通过稀释涂布法从金环胡蜂虫草有性型虫生真菌的子座和子实体、菌核组织以及虫体三部分分离纯化真菌。采用分子生物学方法对子座和子实体部位以及虫生真菌、内生真菌进行ITS rDNA序列分析,并构建系统发育树以确定种属分类情况。以马铃薯葡萄糖培养基(potato dextrose agar,PDA)对所有真菌进行小规模培养。以6株病原细菌为指示菌,通过牛津杯琼脂扩散法检测真菌代谢产物粗提物的抗菌活性。并构建脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)诱导的RAW 264.7细胞炎症模型,对粗提物进行抗炎活性筛选。结果有性型的虫生真菌与蜂头线虫草属真菌Ophiocordyceps sphecocephala的同源性最高(>98%)。从子座、子实体和菌核组织分离获得33株虫生真菌,虫体分离获得21株内生真菌。这54株真菌经鉴定隶属于2门,4纲,9目,11科,16属。活性检测结果显示,10株真菌粗提物表现出对不同病原细菌的抑制作用,38株真菌粗提物具有不同程度的抗炎活性。结论金环胡蜂虫草具有丰富的虫生真菌及内生真菌物种,其代谢产物具有抗菌、抗炎活性,这为后续活性先导化合物的发现提供了有价值的微生物资源。

广义竹叶青蛇属的系统学研究新进展

2004年以来,广义竹叶青蛇的系统学研究取得了较大的进展。本文对这近一年来的最新进展进行概括和报道。

中国20个省、区、市动物莱姆病初步调查研究

目的：广泛调查我国动物莱姆病分布情况。方法：血清流行病学和病原学研究。结果：１９８７～１９９７年间，牛、羊、狗、野兔和８种野鼠有莱姆病的感染存在，其中牛、羊、狗和野鼠的感染率分别为１８．１８％～３２．６１％、１７．１２％～６１．２１％、３８．５％～６０．００％和４１．１８％～８６．０５％；从黑线姬鼠和白腹巨鼠的胎鼠分离到莱姆病螺旋体，证实莱姆病螺旋体可通过胎盘垂直传播。９种蜱的中肠携带莱姆病螺旋体，带菌率以全沟硬蜱、二棘血蜱和粒形硬蜱为高，分别为２０．００％～４５．００％、１６．００％～４０．００％和２４．００％。从华南兔、８种野鼠和８种蜱分离出１２８株莱姆病螺旋体。证实黑线姬鼠和棕背是中国莱姆病螺旋体的重要储存宿主；多种蜱的中肠内携带莱姆病螺旋体，我国北方林区莱姆病螺旋体的主要生物媒介是全沟硬蜱，南方林区二棘血蜱和粒形硬蜱是重要的生物媒介。

睡莲类植物ITS nrDNA序列的分子系统发育分析

睡莲类植物是目前植物分子系统学与进化研究的一个重要类群 .核基因组的ITS区是核核糖体 (nrDNA)转录单位的一部分 .测定和分析了 5个属的 7种睡莲类植物的核核糖体ITS序列 ,并与GenBank中提取的相关序列进行了组合分析 ,初步获得了睡莲类植物的 2个ITS系统树 ,结果也支持现有分子系统学研究中有关金鱼藻处于较原始位置的观点 .

吉林林区动物莱姆病螺旋体感染的调查研究

目的了解吉林珲春林区的蜱、野鼠及牛、绵羊感染莱姆病的情况。方法对蜱和野鼠进行莱姆病螺旋体的PCR扩增,阳性标本RFLP分型,应用间接免疫荧光法检测家畜血清中的IgG抗体。结果PCR检测全沟硬蜱和森林革蜱的带菌率为36.0%和30.9%;在五种鼠中检测到莱姆病螺旋体的特异性片段,带菌率分别为14.0%、8.3%、13.0%、25.0%和33.3%。阳性标本RFLP分型结果属于B.garinii和B.afzelii型;牛、羊血清学检测阳性率为27.5%和31.5%。结论野鼠、蜱和牛羊中都检测到伯氏疏螺旋体的感染,证实吉林珲春林区存在莱姆病的自然疫源地。

安徽省万佛山地区虫草资源的初步调查

通过对万佛山自然保护区的多次野外采集和调查,研究发现万佛山地区分布的虫草分属6个种,分别为丝虫草Ophiocordyceps filiformis、珊瑚虫草Cordyceps martialis、粉被虫草C.pruinosa、下垂虫草O.nutans、亚黄蜂虫草O.oxycephala和莲状虫草C.nelumboides。其中下垂虫草和丝虫草最多,分别占总数的28%和23%。虫草的寄主涉及到鳞翅目的幼虫和茧、蜂的成虫、蜘蛛和蝽象,而主要寄主为鳞翅目的幼虫,占总数的58%。莲状虫草为中国大陆新记录种,此前仅在日本和中国台湾省有过报道。