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Optimization Algorithms of PERT/CPM Network Diagrams in Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Environment
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作者 Mani Parimala Karthikeyan Prakash +2 位作者 Ashraf Al-Quran Muhammad Riaz Saeid Jafari 《Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences》 SCIE EI 2024年第4期1095-1118,共24页
The idea of linear Diophantine fuzzy set(LDFS)theory with its control parameters is a strong model for machine learning and optimization under uncertainty.The activity times in the critical path method(CPM)representat... The idea of linear Diophantine fuzzy set(LDFS)theory with its control parameters is a strong model for machine learning and optimization under uncertainty.The activity times in the critical path method(CPM)representation procedures approach are initially static,but in the Project Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT)approach,they are probabilistic.This study proposes a novel way of project review and assessment methodology for a project network in a linear Diophantine fuzzy(LDF)environment.The LDF expected task time,LDF variance,LDF critical path,and LDF total expected time for determining the project network are all computed using LDF numbers as the time of each activity in the project network.The primary premise of the LDF-PERT approach is to address ambiguities in project network activity timesmore simply than other approaches such as conventional PERT,Fuzzy PERT,and so on.The LDF-PERT is an efficient approach to analyzing symmetries in fuzzy control systems to seek an optimal decision.We also present a new approach for locating LDF-CPM in a project network with uncertain and erroneous activity timings.When the available resources and activity times are imprecise and unpredictable,this strategy can help decision-makers make better judgments in a project.A comparison analysis of the proposed technique with the existing techniques has also been discussed.The suggested techniques are demonstrated with two suitable numerical examples. 展开更多
关键词 linear Diophantine fuzzy graphs project management PERT CPM linear Diophantine fuzzy numbers score function accuracy function
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Underdetermined direction of arrival estimation with nonuniform linear motion sampling based on a small unmanned aerial vehicle platform
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作者 Xinwei Wang Xiaopeng Yan +2 位作者 Tai An Qile Chen Dingkun Huang 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期352-363,共12页
Uniform linear array(ULA)radars are widely used in the collision-avoidance radar systems of small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In practice,a ULA's multi-target direction of arrival(DOA)estimation performance suf... Uniform linear array(ULA)radars are widely used in the collision-avoidance radar systems of small unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).In practice,a ULA's multi-target direction of arrival(DOA)estimation performance suffers from significant performance degradation owing to the limited number of physical elements.To improve the underdetermined DOA estimation performance of a ULA radar mounted on a small UAV platform,we propose a nonuniform linear motion sampling underdetermined DOA estimation method.Using the motion of the UAV platform,the echo signal is sampled at different positions.Then,according to the concept of difference co-array,a virtual ULA with multiple array elements and a large aperture is synthesized to increase the degrees of freedom(DOFs).Through position analysis of the original and motion arrays,we propose a nonuniform linear motion sampling method based on ULA for determining the optimal DOFs.Under the condition of no increase in the aperture of the physical array,the proposed method obtains a high DOF with fewer sampling runs and greatly improves the underdetermined DOA estimation performance of ULA.The results of numerical simulations conducted herein verify the superior performance of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 Unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) Uniform linear array(ULA) Direction of arrival(DOA) Difference co-array Nonuniform linear motion sampling method
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Feedback linearization and equivalent-disturbance compensation control strategy for piezoelectric stage
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作者 Tao Huang Yingbin Wang +3 位作者 Zhihong Luo Huajun Cao Guibao Tao Mingxiang Ling 《Nanotechnology and Precision Engineering》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期49-59,共11页
Piezoelectric stages use piezoelectric actuators and flexure hinges as driving and amplifying mechanisms,respectively.These systems have high positioning accuracy and high-frequency responses,and they are widely used ... Piezoelectric stages use piezoelectric actuators and flexure hinges as driving and amplifying mechanisms,respectively.These systems have high positioning accuracy and high-frequency responses,and they are widely used in various precision/ultra-precision positioning fields.However,the main challenge with these devices is the inherent hysteresis nonlinearity of piezoelectric actuators,which seriously affects the tracking accuracy of a piezoelectric stage.Inspired by this challenge,in this work,we developed a Hammerstein model to describe the hysteresis nonlinearity of a piezoelectric stage.In particular,in our proposed scheme,a feedback-linearization algorithm is used to eliminate the static hysteresis nonlinearity.In addition,a composite controller based on equivalent-disturbance compensation was designed to counteract model uncertainties and external disturbances.An analysis of the stability of a closed-loop system based on this feedback-linearization algorithm and composite controller was performed,and this was followed by extensive comparative experiments using a piezoelectric stage developed in the laboratory.The experimental results confirmed that the feedback-linearization algorithm and the composite controller offer improved linearization and trajectory-tracking performance. 展开更多
关键词 Piezoelectric stage Hysteresis nonlinearity Feedback linearization Equivalent-disturbance compensation
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Beyond boundaries:Feasibility of curved linear array echoendoscope in appendiceal neoplasm detection
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作者 Gehad Daba Ahmed Altonbary 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy》 2024年第5期232-236,共5页
We recently read with great interest a study by Zhang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.In our practice,we focus specifically on examining appendiceal mucinous neoplasms(AMNs)with endoscopic ultrasound(EU... We recently read with great interest a study by Zhang et al in the World Journal of Gastroenterology.In our practice,we focus specifically on examining appendiceal mucinous neoplasms(AMNs)with endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)using different scopes.AMNs are rare neoplastic lesions characterized by an accumulation of mucin inside a cystic dilatation of the appendix.Clinically,they can present as nonspecific acute appendicitis.AMNs can turn into a life-threatening condition,termed pseudomyxoma peritonei,in which the ruptured appendix causes accumulation of mucin in the abdomen.Therefore,accurate and rapid diagnosis of AMN is essential.EUS is able to confirm and stage AMNs;although,EUS examination was once limited to the rectal and anal regions due to the conven-tional oblique-view scopes.With the emergence of new forward-view linear echoendoscopes and instruments like EUS miniprobes and overtubes,the scope of examination is changing.Herein,we discuss the feasibility of using the curved linear array echoendoscopes to examine cecal and appendiceal orifice lesions. 展开更多
关键词 Appendiceal mucinous neoplasms Pseudomyxoma peritonei Endoscopic ultrasound Curved linear-array echoendoscope Forward-view linear echoendoscopes Miniprobes
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Linearization of Intrinsically Nonlinear Oscillators
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作者 Pirooz Mohazzabi Qinghua Luo Ilirian Dhimitruka 《Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics》 2024年第8期2829-2835,共7页
We show that an intrinsically nonlinear oscillator can always be transformed into a linear or harmonic oscillator by addition of a constant force, which shifts the equilibrium position of the oscillator.
关键词 INTRINSIC NONlinear OSCILLATOR linearIZATION
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A review of linear friction welding of Ni -based superalloys 被引量:2
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作者 Xiawei Yang Tingxi Meng +6 位作者 Qiang Chu Yu Su Zhenguo Guo Rui Xu Wenlong Fan Tiejun Ma Wenya Li 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期1382-1391,共10页
Ni-based superalloys are one of the most important materials employed in high-temperature applications within the aerospace and nuclear energy industries and in gas turbines due to their excellent corrosion,radiation,... Ni-based superalloys are one of the most important materials employed in high-temperature applications within the aerospace and nuclear energy industries and in gas turbines due to their excellent corrosion,radiation,fatigue resistance,and high-temperature strength.Linear friction welding(LFW)is a new joining technology with near-net-forming characteristics that can be used for the manu-facture and repair of a wide range of aerospace components.This paper reviews published works on LFW of Ni-based superalloys with the aim of understanding the characteristics of frictional heat generation and extrusion deformation,microstructures,mechanical proper-ties,flash morphology,residual stresses,creep,and fatigue of Ni-based superalloy weldments produced with LFW to enable future optim-um utilization of the LFW process. 展开更多
关键词 Ni-based superalloys linear friction welding MICROSTRUCTURES mechanical properties flash morphology
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Effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting in rock
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作者 Chenxi Ding Renshu Yang +3 位作者 Xiao Guo Zhe Sui Chenglong Xiao Liyun Yang 《International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期443-451,共9页
To study the effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting, blasting model experiments were conducted in this study using computed tomography scanning and thre... To study the effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting, blasting model experiments were conducted in this study using computed tomography scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction methods. The fractal damage theory was used to quantify the crack distribution and damage degree of sandstone specimens after blasting. The results showed that regardless of an inverse or top initiation, due to compression deformation and sliding frictional resistance, the plugging medium of the borehole is effective. The energy of the explosive gas near the top of the borehole is consumed. This affects the effective crushing of rocks near the top of the borehole, where the extent of damage to Sections Ⅰ and Ⅱ is less than that of Sections Ⅲ and Ⅳ. In addition, the analysis revealed that under conditions of top initiation, the reflected tensile damage of the rock at the free face of the top of the borehole and the compression deformation of the plug and friction consume more blasting energy, resulting in lower blasting energy efficiency for top initiation. As a result, the overall damage degree of the specimens in the top-initiation group was significantly smaller than that in the inverse-initiation group. Under conditions of inverse initiation, the blasting energy efficiency is greater, causing the specimen to experience greater damage. Therefore, in the engineering practice of rock tunnel cut blasting, to utilize blasting energy effectively and enhance the effects of rock fragmentation, using the inverse-initiation method is recommended. In addition, in three-dimensional(3D) rock blasting, the bottom of the borehole has obvious end effects under the conditions of inverse initiation, and the crack distribution at the bottom of the borehole is trumpet-shaped. The occurrence of an end effect in the 3D linear-charge blasting model experiment is related to the initiation position and the blocking condition. 展开更多
关键词 BLASTING linear charge initiation position computed tomography three-dimensional reconstruction damage
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Numerical studies for plasmas of a linear plasma device HIT-PSI with geometry modified SOLPS-ITER
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作者 王敏 聂秋月 +2 位作者 黄韬 王晓钢 张彦杰 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期503-508,共6页
The HIT-PSI is a linear plasma device built for physically simulating the high heat flux environment of future reactor divertors to test/develop advanced target plate materials.In this study,the geometry-modified SOLP... The HIT-PSI is a linear plasma device built for physically simulating the high heat flux environment of future reactor divertors to test/develop advanced target plate materials.In this study,the geometry-modified SOLPS-ITER program is employed to examine the effects of the magnetic field strength and neutral pressure in the device on the heat flux experienced by the target plate of the HIT-PSI device.The findings of the numerical simulation indicate a positive correlation between the magnetic field strength and the heat flux density.Conversely,there is a negative correlation observed between the heat flux density and the neutral pressure.When the magnetic field strength at the axis exceeds 1 tesla and the neutral pressure falls below 10 Pa,the HIT-PSI has the capability to attain a heat flux of 10 MW·m-2 at the target plate.The simulation results offer a valuable point of reference for subsequent experiments at HIT-PSI. 展开更多
关键词 HIT-PSI heat flux linear plasma SOLPS-ITER device
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Equivalent linear model for seismic damage evaluation of single-degree-of-freedom systems representing reinforced concrete structures considering cyclic degradation behavior
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作者 Lulu Yan Ding-Hao Yu 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第3期637-648,共12页
In this study,a novel equivalent damping ratio model that is suitable for reinforced concrete(RC)structures considering cyclic degradation behavior is developed,and a new equivalent linearization analysis method for i... In this study,a novel equivalent damping ratio model that is suitable for reinforced concrete(RC)structures considering cyclic degradation behavior is developed,and a new equivalent linearization analysis method for implementing the proposed equivalent damping ratio model for use in seismic damage evaluation is presented.To this end,Ibarra’s peak-oriented model,which incorporates an energy-based degradation rule,is selected for representing hysteretic behavior of RC structure,and the optimized equivalent damping for predicting the maximum displacement response is presented by using the empirical method,in which the effect of cyclic degradation is considered.Moreover,the relationship between the hysteretic energy dissipation of the inelastic system and the elastic strain energy of the equivalent linear system is established so that the proposed equivalent linear system can be directly integrated with the Park-Ang seismic model to implement seismic damage evaluation.Due to the simplicity of the equivalent linearization method,the proposed method provides an efficient and reliable way of obtaining comprehensive insight into the seismic performance of RC structures.The verification demonstrates the validity of the proposed method. 展开更多
关键词 degrading system equivalent linear system equivalent damping seismic damage RC structures
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Linear dichroism transition and polarization-sensitive photodetector of quasi-one-dimensional palladium bromide
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作者 朱万里 甄伟立 +5 位作者 牛瑞 焦珂珂 岳智来 胡慧杰 薛飞 张昌锦 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第6期532-539,共8页
Perpendicular optical reversal of the linear dichroism transition has promising applications in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices. We perform a systematical study on the in-plane optical anisotropy of quas... Perpendicular optical reversal of the linear dichroism transition has promising applications in polarization-sensitive optoelectronic devices. We perform a systematical study on the in-plane optical anisotropy of quasi-one-dimensional PdBr_(2) by using combined measurements of the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy(ARPRS) and anisotropic optical absorption spectrum. The analyses of ARPRS data validate the anisotropic Raman properties of the PdBr_(2) flake.And anisotropic optical absorption spectrum of PdBr_(2) nanoflake demonstrates distinct optical linear dichroism reversal. Photodetector constructed by PdBr_(2) nanowire exhibits high responsivity of 747 A·W^(-1) and specific detectivity of 5.8×10^(12) Jones. And the photodetector demonstrates prominent polarization-sensitive photoresponsivity under 405-nm light irradiation with large photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 1.56, which is superior to those of most of previously reported quasi-one-dimensional counterparts. Our study offers fundamental insights into the strong optical anisotropy exhibited by PdBr_(2), establishing it as a promising candidate for miniaturization and integration trends of polarization-related applications. 展开更多
关键词 linear dichroism reversal polarization sensitivity ANISOTROPY polarized photodetector
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Algorithms and statistical analysis for linear structured weighted total least squares problem
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作者 Jian Xie Tianwei Qiu +2 位作者 Cui Zhou Dongfang Lin Sichun Long 《Geodesy and Geodynamics》 EI CSCD 2024年第2期177-188,共12页
Weighted total least squares(WTLS)have been regarded as the standard tool for the errors-in-variables(EIV)model in which all the elements in the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are contaminated with rand... Weighted total least squares(WTLS)have been regarded as the standard tool for the errors-in-variables(EIV)model in which all the elements in the observation vector and the coefficient matrix are contaminated with random errors.However,in many geodetic applications,some elements are error-free and some random observations appear repeatedly in different positions in the augmented coefficient matrix.It is called the linear structured EIV(LSEIV)model.Two kinds of methods are proposed for the LSEIV model from functional and stochastic modifications.On the one hand,the functional part of the LSEIV model is modified into the errors-in-observations(EIO)model.On the other hand,the stochastic model is modified by applying the Moore-Penrose inverse of the cofactor matrix.The algorithms are derived through the Lagrange multipliers method and linear approximation.The estimation principles and iterative formula of the parameters are proven to be consistent.The first-order approximate variance-covariance matrix(VCM)of the parameters is also derived.A numerical example is given to compare the performances of our proposed three algorithms with the STLS approach.Afterwards,the least squares(LS),total least squares(TLS)and linear structured weighted total least squares(LSWTLS)solutions are compared and the accuracy evaluation formula is proven to be feasible and effective.Finally,the LSWTLS is applied to the field of deformation analysis,which yields a better result than the traditional LS and TLS estimations. 展开更多
关键词 linear structured weighted total least SQUARES ERRORS-IN-VARIABLES Errors-in-observations Functional modelmodification Stochastic model modification Accuracyevaluation
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Linear magnetoresistance and structural distortion in layered SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals
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作者 聂勇 陈正 +10 位作者 韦文森 李慧杰 张勇 梅明 王园园 宋文海 宋东升 王钊胜 朱相德 宁伟 田明亮 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期591-594,共4页
We report a systematic study on layered metal SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals via transport, magnetization, thermodynamic measurements and structural characterization. We find that the crystals show large linear magne... We report a systematic study on layered metal SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) single crystals via transport, magnetization, thermodynamic measurements and structural characterization. We find that the crystals show large linear magnetoresistance without any sign of saturation with a magnetic field up to 30T. We also observe a phase transition with significant anomalies in resistivity and heat capacity at T_(p)~140 K. Thermal expansion measurement reveals a subtle lattice parameter variation near Tp, i.e.,?L_(c)/L_(c)~0.062%. The structural characterization confines that there is no structure transition below and above T_(p). All these results suggest that the nonmagnetic transition of SrCu_(4-x)P_(2) could be associated with structural distortion. 展开更多
关键词 linear magnetoresistance thermal expansion specific heat structural distortion
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Stability analysis of a liquid crystal elastomer self-oscillator under a linear temperature field
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作者 Haiyang WU Jiangfeng LOU +2 位作者 Biao ZHANG Yuntong DAI Kai LI 《Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition)》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第2期337-354,共18页
Self-oscillating systems abound in the natural world and offer substantial potential for applications in controllers,micro-motors,medical equipments,and so on.Currently,numerical methods have been widely utilized for ... Self-oscillating systems abound in the natural world and offer substantial potential for applications in controllers,micro-motors,medical equipments,and so on.Currently,numerical methods have been widely utilized for obtaining the characteristics of self-oscillation including amplitude and frequency.However,numerical methods are burdened by intricate computations and limited precision,hindering comprehensive investigations into self-oscillating systems.In this paper,the stability of a liquid crystal elastomer fiber self-oscillating system under a linear temperature field is studied,and analytical solutions for the amplitude and frequency are determined.Initially,we establish the governing equations of self-oscillation,elucidate two motion regimes,and reveal the underlying mechanism.Subsequently,we conduct a stability analysis and employ a multi-scale method to obtain the analytical solutions for the amplitude and frequency.The results show agreement between the multi-scale and numerical methods.This research contributes to the examination of diverse self-oscillating systems and advances the theoretical analysis of self-oscillating systems rooted in active materials. 展开更多
关键词 SELF-OSCILLATION stability analysis multi-scale method liquid crystal elastomer linear temperature field
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Linear paired electrolysis of furfural to furoic acid at both anode and cathode in a multiple redox mediated system
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作者 Xinxin Li Linchuan Cong +4 位作者 Haibo Lin Fangbing Liu Xiangxue Fu Hai-Chao Xu Nan Lin 《Green Energy & Environment》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期104-113,共10页
Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we r... Implementing a new energy-saving electrochemical synthesis system with high commercial value is a strategy of the sustainable development for upgrading the bulk chemicals preparation technology in the future.Here,we report a multiple redox-mediated linear paired electrolysis system,combining the hydrogen peroxide mediated cathode process with the I2 mediated anode process,and realize the conversion of furfural to furoic acid in both side of the dividedflow cell simultaneously.By reasonably controlling the cathode potential,the undesired water splitting reaction and furfural reduction side reactions are avoided.Under the galvanostatic electrolysis,the two-mediated electrode processes have good compatibility,which reduce the energy consumption by about 22%while improving the electronic efficiency by about 125%.This system provides a green electrochemical synthesis route with commercial prospects. 展开更多
关键词 Multiple redox mediated system linear paired electrolysis FURFURAL Furoic acid
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Comparison of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models in determining moisture recycling ratio
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作者 XIAO Yanqiong WANG Liwei +5 位作者 WANG Shengjie Kei YOSHIMURA SHI Yudong LI Xiaofei Athanassios A ARGIRIOU ZHANG Mingjun 《Journal of Arid Land》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第6期739-751,共13页
Stable water isotopes are natural tracers quantifying the contribution of moisture recycling to local precipitation,i.e.,the moisture recycling ratio,but various isotope-based models usually lead to different results,... Stable water isotopes are natural tracers quantifying the contribution of moisture recycling to local precipitation,i.e.,the moisture recycling ratio,but various isotope-based models usually lead to different results,which affects the accuracy of local moisture recycling.In this study,a total of 18 stations from four typical areas in China were selected to compare the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models and to determine local moisture recycling ratio.Among the three vapor sources including advection,transpiration,and surface evaporation,the advection vapor usually played a dominant role,and the contribution of surface evaporation was less than that of transpiration.When the abnormal values were ignored,the arithmetic averages of differences between isotope-based linear and the Bayesian mixing models were 0.9%for transpiration,0.2%for surface evaporation,and–1.1%for advection,respectively,and the medians were 0.5%,0.2%,and–0.8%,respectively.The importance of transpiration was slightly less for most cases when the Bayesian mixing model was applied,and the contribution of advection was relatively larger.The Bayesian mixing model was found to perform better in determining an efficient solution since linear model sometimes resulted in negative contribution ratios.Sensitivity test with two isotope scenarios indicated that the Bayesian model had a relatively low sensitivity to the changes in isotope input,and it was important to accurately estimate the isotopes in precipitation vapor.Generally,the Bayesian mixing model should be recommended instead of a linear model.The findings are useful for understanding the performance of isotope-based linear and Bayesian mixing models under various climate backgrounds. 展开更多
关键词 moisture recycling stable water isotope linear mixing model Bayesian mixing model China
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Risk-Informed Model-Free Safe Control of Linear Parameter-Varying Systems
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作者 Babak Esmaeili Hamidreza Modares 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第9期1918-1932,共15页
This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems.The nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)syste... This paper presents a risk-informed data-driven safe control design approach for a class of stochastic uncertain nonlinear discrete-time systems.The nonlinear system is modeled using linear parameter-varying(LPV)systems.A model-based probabilistic safe controller is first designed to guarantee probabilisticλ-contractivity(i.e.,stability and invariance)of the LPV system with respect to a given polyhedral safe set.To obviate the requirement of knowing the LPV system model and to bypass identifying its open-loop model,its closed-loop data-based representation is provided in terms of state and scheduling data as well as a decision variable.It is shown that the variance of the closedloop system,as well as the probability of safety satisfaction,depends on the decision variable and the noise covariance.A minimum-variance direct data-driven gain-scheduling safe control design approach is presented next by designing the decision variable such that all possible closed-loop system realizations satisfy safety with the highest confidence level.This minimum-variance approach is a control-oriented learning method since it minimizes the variance of the state of the closed-loop system with respect to the safe set,and thus minimizes the risk of safety violation.Unlike the certainty-equivalent approach that results in a risk-neutral control design,the minimum-variance method leads to a risk-averse control design.It is shown that the presented direct risk-averse learning approach requires weaker data richness conditions than existing indirect learning methods based on system identification and can lead to a lower risk of safety violation.Two simulation examples along with an experimental validation on an autonomous vehicle are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach. 展开更多
关键词 Data-driven control linear parameter-varying systems probabilistic control safe control
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A Weakly-Supervised Crowd Density Estimation Method Based on Two-Stage Linear Feature Calibration
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作者 Yong-Chao Li Rui-Sheng Jia +1 位作者 Ying-Xiang Hu Hong-Mei Sun 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第4期965-981,共17页
In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation metrics.In this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd dat... In a crowd density estimation dataset,the annotation of crowd locations is an extremely laborious task,and they are not taken into the evaluation metrics.In this paper,we aim to reduce the annotation cost of crowd datasets,and propose a crowd density estimation method based on weakly-supervised learning,in the absence of crowd position supervision information,which directly reduces the number of crowds by using the number of pedestrians in the image as the supervised information.For this purpose,we design a new training method,which exploits the correlation between global and local image features by incremental learning to train the network.Specifically,we design a parent-child network(PC-Net)focusing on the global and local image respectively,and propose a linear feature calibration structure to train the PC-Net simultaneously,and the child network learns feature transfer factors and feature bias weights,and uses the transfer factors and bias weights to linearly feature calibrate the features extracted from the Parent network,to improve the convergence of the network by using local features hidden in the crowd images.In addition,we use the pyramid vision transformer as the backbone of the PC-Net to extract crowd features at different levels,and design a global-local feature loss function(L2).We combine it with a crowd counting loss(LC)to enhance the sensitivity of the network to crowd features during the training process,which effectively improves the accuracy of crowd density estimation.The experimental results show that the PC-Net significantly reduces the gap between fullysupervised and weakly-supervised crowd density estimation,and outperforms the comparison methods on five datasets of Shanghai Tech Part A,ShanghaiTech Part B,UCF_CC_50,UCF_QNRF and JHU-CROWD++. 展开更多
关键词 Crowd density estimation linear feature calibration vision transformer weakly-supervision learning
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An efficient approach for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations
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作者 Huang Huan Li Yingxiong Li Yuyu 《Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第3期677-690,共14页
An efficient approach is proposed for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations.The concentrated plastic hinges,described by the Bouc-Wen model,are as... An efficient approach is proposed for the equivalent linearization of frame structures with plastic hinges under nonstationary seismic excitations.The concentrated plastic hinges,described by the Bouc-Wen model,are assumed to occur at the two ends of a linear-elastic beam element.The auxiliary differential equations governing the plastic rotational displacements and their corresponding hysteretic displacements are replaced with linearized differential equations.Then,the two sets of equations of motion for the original nonlinear system can be reduced to an expanded-order equivalent linearized equation of motion for equivalent linear systems.To solve the equation of motion for equivalent linear systems,the nonstationary random vibration analysis is carried out based on the explicit time-domain method with high efficiency.Finally,the proposed treatment method for initial values of equivalent parameters is investigated in conjunction with parallel computing technology,which provides a new way of obtaining the equivalent linear systems at different time instants.Based on the explicit time-domain method,the key responses of interest of the converged equivalent linear system can be calculated through dimension reduction analysis with high efficiency.Numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach has high computational efficiency,and shows good applicability to weak nonlinear and medium-intensity nonlinear systems. 展开更多
关键词 nonstationary random vibration plastic hinge equivalent linearization method explicit time-domain method parallel computation
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Hierarchical Controller Synthesis Under Linear Temporal Logic Specifications Using Dynamic Quantization
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作者 Wei Ren Zhuo-Rui Pan +1 位作者 Weiguo Xia Xi-Ming Sun 《IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第10期2082-2098,共17页
Linear temporal logic(LTL)is an intuitive and expressive language to specify complex control tasks,and how to design an efficient control strategy for LTL specification is still a challenge.In this paper,we implement ... Linear temporal logic(LTL)is an intuitive and expressive language to specify complex control tasks,and how to design an efficient control strategy for LTL specification is still a challenge.In this paper,we implement the dynamic quantization technique to propose a novel hierarchical control strategy for nonlinear control systems under LTL specifications.Based on the regions of interest involved in the LTL formula,an accepting path is derived first to provide a high-level solution for the controller synthesis problem.Second,we develop a dynamic quantization based approach to verify the realization of the accepting path.The realization verification results in the necessity of the controller design and a sequence of quantization regions for the controller design.Third,the techniques of dynamic quantization and abstraction-based control are combined together to establish the local-to-global control strategy.Both abstraction construction and controller design are local and dynamic,thereby resulting in the potential reduction of the computational complexity.Since each quantization region can be considered locally and individually,the proposed hierarchical mechanism is more efficient and can solve much larger problems than many existing methods.Finally,the proposed control strategy is illustrated via two examples from the path planning and tracking problems of mobile robots. 展开更多
关键词 Abstraction-based control design dynamic quantization formal methods linear temporal logic(LTL)
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