夏热冬冷地区Low-E玻璃节能效果研究

目的为了解决夏热冬冷地区民宿玻璃幕墙节能设计过程中,对于性能接近的玻璃种类的选择问题。方法采用DeST模拟软件建立一个二层民宿的物理模型,依据《河南省公共建筑节能设计标准》选择满足要求的双玻Low-E玻璃和三玻Low-E玻璃。通过控制对负荷影响较大的3个参数:传热系数、太阳能总透射比、红外热能总透射比,来保持其控制参数相同或近似相等,再基于当地典型气象年的实测数据,采用DeST模拟软件对该民宿建筑进行全年能耗计算,并通过加拿大采暖季能耗评价体系(ER)与制冷季能耗评价体系(ERC)进行能耗分析,观察节能效果。结果表明将双玻用三玻进行改造后,ERC值为3.57,说明三玻两腔单Low-E中空(空气)玻璃在制冷季节能效果更好;ER值为-1.83,说明双玻单Low-E中空(氩气)玻璃在采暖季节能效果更优。三玻两腔单Low-E中空(空气)玻璃相对于双玻单Low-E中空(氩气)玻璃成本贵了60元/m^(2),每年带来的经济效益为1.92元/m^(2),需要至少30年才能完成成本回收,综合考虑各种因素,双玻单Low-E中空玻璃才是首选。结论研究结果为夏热冬冷地区民宿建筑玻璃幕墙种类的选择提供了一种新的方法,具有重要的参考价值和借鉴意义。

Approach and Strategy of Constructing Low-carbon Communities

The developing focus of low-carbon society is constructing low-carbon cities which are based on the construction of low-carbon communities.The main ways of constructing low-carbon communities conclude low carbonization of planning and designing,low carbonization of construction materials,low carbonization of community environment,low carbonization of energy system,low carbonization of energy use and low carbonization of life style.The basic strategies of constructing low-carbon communities contain enhancing propaganda and education,strengthening technical innovation,cultivating low-carbon culture,advocating public participation and consolidating leadership in organizations.

基于全过程工程咨询视角的幕墙LOW-E玻璃质量控制

随着建筑业对建筑节能的要求日益提高,LOW-E玻璃在建筑门窗及幕墙工程中得到了越来越广泛的应用。结合某工业综合体项目,对幕墙LOW-E玻璃的设计、采购、施工各阶段质量控制要点进行探讨与研究,以供相关建筑门窗及幕墙工程参考。

建筑节能设计Low-E玻璃窗的遮阳参数取值分析

节能外窗属于精密工业制品,也是建筑工程外围护结构的重要组成部分。为能降低房间内的夏季太阳得热,工程中通常采用低辐射Low-E玻璃外窗,但由于国家及各地区的技术规范对Low-E玻璃窗的参数取值不尽相同、审图机构的把握尺度不一、门窗厂家的加工技术水平参差不齐,为能解决Low-E玻璃外窗的遮阳参数取值和选型困难的问题,达到概念清晰、数据可靠、便于实施的目的,文中采用公式计算和查表对比的方法,对规范的遮阳参数概念作补充说明,同时结合江苏某住宅项目的工程实践,给出Low-E玻璃窗遮阳参数的取值原则和建议,并认为一般Low-E玻璃的自遮阳系数取值最高不应超过0.60。

Low-E镀膜玻璃的热工性能

着重介绍Low-E玻璃的基本特点 ,经过对比论述 ,Low-E玻璃具有表面热辐射率低、对太阳光的选择透过性能好等2大主要优点 ,从而具有优越的热工性能。利用Low-E镀膜可以组合形成集保温、隔热、采光于一体的多功能建筑外窗玻璃系统。

三银LOW-E玻璃深加工技术:提升室内舒适度的新突破

玻璃作为建筑材料的重要组成部分,对提高室内舒适度具有至关重要的作用。然而,目前市场中常规玻璃的隔热性能和节能性能较差,不能很好地满足人们对室内舒适度的要求。近年来,研究人员不断探索新材料和新技术,以提升玻璃的性能。基于此,三银LOW-E玻璃深加工技术应运而生。本文主要探究了三银LOW-E玻璃深加工技术的优势、不足以及未来发展方向,以实现该技术的推广和优化。

建筑低辐射膜玻璃Low-E的具体应用

Low-E玻璃是建筑工程中的常用玻璃材料,在了解Low-E玻璃节能效果影响因素的基础上,提出Low-E玻璃的选型思路,保证原片玻璃、镀膜面位置、气体夹层的合理性,研究了Low-E玻璃在寒冷气候区、温暖气候区、夏热冬冷气候区建筑工程中的应用要点,妥善应用Low-E玻璃,发挥出此类玻璃材料的节能环保优势,提升Low-E玻璃在建筑工程中的应用价值。

三银Low-E玻璃对减少碳排放的计算及应用研究

鉴于建筑物在其整个生命周期内的能源消耗占全球总能耗的显著比例,使用高效节能建材,是推动建筑绿色低碳化、助力实现“碳达峰”与“碳中和”目标的有效途径之一。三银Low-E玻璃凭借其独特的膜层结构,具有卓越的节能效果。为深入探究三银Low-E玻璃的碳减排性能,通过对采用不同类型银基Low-E玻璃的建筑的碳排放量进行精确测算,对比分析单、双、三银Low-E玻璃的碳减排效果,从而为三银Low-E玻璃的市场推广提供坚实的理论依据。

节能建筑中Low-E玻璃选型及具体应用

通过对Low-E玻璃节能基本原理的介绍,详细从原片玻璃的选择、镀膜面位置及气体夹层三方面对Low-E玻璃的选型要求进行论述,最后重点分析Low-E玻璃在不同气候地区应用的具体情况,可实现建筑的有效节能,同时为选择使用节能玻璃提供建议。

Key Factors to Consider When Introducing a New Vaccine in Low-Income Settings: Lessons from Malawi Expanded Program on Immunization

Introduction: As new vaccines become available, countries must assess the relevance to introduce them into their vaccination schedules. Malawi has recently introduced several new vaccines and plans to introduce more. This study was conducted to identify key factors that need to be considered when deciding to introduce a new vaccine and current challenges faced by low and middle income countries using Malawi as an example. Methodology: The study employed a desk review approach, examining published literature from various sources such as PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. Policy documents from organizations like the World Health Organization, GAVI the Alliance, and the Ministry of Health for Malawi were also included. A total of 99 articles and documents on new vaccine introduction, challenges of immunization, policy documents in immunization and health systems strengthening were included. The review focused on addressing five key areas critical to new vaccine introduction namely: the need for a vaccine, availability of the vaccine, safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, demand for the vaccine, and the prudent use of public or private funds. Results: Malawi considered the burden of cervical cancer and the significance of malaria in the country when introducing the HPV and malaria vaccines. The country opted for vaccines that can be handled by the cold chain capacity and available human resources. Despite that malaria vaccine and Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine trials were done in country, there are limited vaccine safety and efficacy trials conducted in Malawi, leading to a reliance on WHO-prequalified vaccines. Demand for newly introduced vaccines varied, with high demand for Oral Cholera Vaccine during a cholera outbreak, while demand for COVID-19 vaccines decreased over time. Although cost-effectiveness studies were limited in the country, 2 studies indicated that Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine and malaria vaccine would be cost effective. All these have been implemented despite having challenges like lack of accurate surveillance data, inadequate cold chain capacity, limited safety and efficacy vaccine clinical trials, political influence, and limited funding. Conclusion: Despite several challenges Malawi set a good example of the careful considerations required before introducing a new vaccine. The process involves data review, priority setting, precise planning, and consultation with stakeholders. Low-income countries should invest in vaccine safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness trials.

Epidemiological, Clinical Aspects and Outcome of Measles in a Low-Income Country in 2023

Introduction: Measles remains a worrying health problem in sub-Saharan African countries. There have been measles outbreaks in Cameroon with the most recent occurring between October 2022 and September 2023. The Centre region of Cameroon was the most affected in the country and being at the frontline of the fight against this illness, we conducted this study in order to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the outcome of children who contracted the measles and were hospitalized at the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive and prospective study for one year from October 2022 to November 2023 corresponding to the duration of the outbreak. We included all children admitted in the pediatric unit for measles and its complications during this period. Results: In total, 60 children were enrolled. Their caregivers were mostly their mothers who had a mean age of 34.71 ± 9.55 years living in significant precarious conditions for the majority. The median age of children was 16 months (09 - 30 months). Twenty six percent of children (16) were less than 9 months. Girls were predominant (55%). Most children were not up to date with their routine EPI vaccination (80%) and most did not receive the measles and Rubella vaccine (76.67%). Clinical manifestations, included fever, conjunctivitis, and cough. Skin rash and catarrh (98.33% and 86.67% respectively) are the case definition signs of measles. The outcome was unfavorable for 4 children. One had a neurological disorder: coma and three presented with pneumonia and severe respiratory distress (6.67%). Conclusion: Measles is still being a reality and claiming lives in our context, emphasis should be made on immunization coverage and if possible, advocacies should be formulated to decrease the age of measles vaccine administration.

Characteristics of Infertile Clientele Attending a Public in Vitro Fertilization Clinic: Appraising Priorities in a Low-Income Country

Introduction: Infertilityaffects one in six couples, and it is an important public health issue largely due to thepervasive effects on the emotional and psychological wellbeing of affected couples. In many developing nations emphasis is placed on childbirth and inability to fulfill this role can be very distressing. There is an unmet need for assisted reproductive technology (ART) in many developing countries and where facilities exist, they are mostly privately owned, expensive and concentrated in urban areas. To bridge this gap, public fertility clinics have been established to provide subsidized care. Evaluating the characteristics and peculiarities of clientele presenting at these public facilities will aid planning and prioritization of care. Methodology: A descriptive retrospective study of 116 infertile patients presenting to the fertility clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from inception on the 14th of February 2019 and 31st of December 2022.Data was analyzed using the Statical Package for Social Sciences (IBM, SPSS, New York) version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results which were presented with the aid of bar charts and frequency tables. Result: The mean age of the patients was 40.70 ± 6.62 years. Post-menopausal patients accounted for about one-fifth of the study population while 80.2% (93 women) were older than 35 years. The mean duration of infertility was 9.39 ± 6.11years and nine patients (7.8%) had a duration greater than 2 decades. Secondary infertility occurred in 67.2% of the women. Twenty-nine women (25%) had undergone myomectomy prior to presentation. Hypertension (11.2%) was the most prevalent comorbidity. Nineteen patients (16.4%) had used contraceptives in the past with the male condom (36.8%)being the most preponderant. Sixty-seven patients had experienced pregnancy losses before 28 weeks of gestation while just 16 patients (13.8%) had undergone ART, and none was successful. Conclusion: Secondary infertility was the prevalent type of infertility and may not be unconnected with the low contraceptive usage and high risk of sexually transmitted infection. Late presentation coupled with a large proportion of post-menopausal clientele suggests delayed health-seeking behavior most probably due to the prohibitive cost of ART. The need to streamline services offered in public fertility clinics is paramount in low-income countries grappling with scarce resources. A pragmatic approach will involve the provision of low-cost ART, while enhancing gamete donation programs through the implementation of gamete sharing policies. This will invariably bridge the unmet need and skewed access to ART in developing countries.

Properties and Characterization of Two Clays Raw Material from Mountain District (West of Côte d’Ivoire) for Use in Low-Carbon Cements

This work was devoted to the study of the physico-chemical properties of two clay minerals from the Mountain District (West Côte d'Ivoire) referenced ME1 and ME2. These samples were characterized by the experimental techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), Differential Thermal Analysis and Thermogravimetry (DTA-TG), Brunauer, Emett and Teller method (BET), laser particle size analysis and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The main results of these analyses reveal that the two clay samples mainly contain quartz (52.91% for ME1 and 51.72% for ME2), kaolinite (36.60% for ME1 and 41.6% for ME2) and associated phases, namely goethite and hematite (13.47% for ME1 and 11.00% for ME2). The specific surface values obtained for samples ME1 and ME2 are 34.78 m2/g and 29.18 m2/g respectively. The results obtained show that the samples studied belong to the kaolinite family. After calcination, they could have good pozzolanic activity and therefore be used in the manufacture of low-carbon cements.

Pain Efficacy of a Home-Based Low-Intensity Continuous Ultrasound Stimulator for Knee Arthritis: A Single-Arm, Open-Label, Prospective Clinical Trial

1) Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is defined as a degenerative joint disease that mainly affects the bone. This study aims to evaluate the effect of low-intensity continuous ultrasound (LICUS) treatment on the knee of osteoarthritis patients through home-based intervention using the LICUS medical device. 2) Methods: The clinical trials were designed in a single-arm, open-label, and intervention study. Thirty-five participants, including those who dropped out (12%), were screened and enrolled. The patients received LICUS (1.1 MHz, 1.5 W/cm2, collimated beams) on the knee by the instructions of the investigator at home (5 min/session, 3 times/day, for four-weeks). Outcome measures were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) as a primary endpoint and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) as a secondary endpoint to evaluate pain relief and functional recovery of the knee between pre-treatment (baseline) and post-treatment (four-weeks). 3) Results: Knee pain scores measured using the VAS and WOMAC indices were significantly reduced after a four-week treatment with LICUS compared to baseline. Knee stiffness and functional capacity were significantly reduced after the LICUS application. In addition, there were no reports of adverse effects during the study period. 4) Conclusion: Long-term and home-based application of LICUS can be recommended as an alternative option for the treatment of OA patients, as evidenced by the effect of pain relief and knee function recovery.

Impact of Plastic Waste on the Human Health in Low-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Background: Plastic pollution is the accumulation of waste composed of plastic and its derivatives all over the environment. Whether in the form of visible garbage or microparticles, as it slowly degrades, plastic pollution poses significant threats to terrestrial and aquatic habitats and the wildlife that call them home, whether through ingestion, entanglement or exposure to the chemicals contained in the material. Unfortunately, there is a lack of documentation on the impact of plastic waste on human health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) and gray literature, following the preferred reporting elements for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), for the impact of plastic waste on human health in developing countries. We included quantitative and qualitative studies written in English and French. We assessed the quality of the included articles using the Mixed Methods Appraisal tool (MMAT). Results: A total of 3779 articles were initially identified by searching electronic databases. After eliminating duplicates, 3167 articles were reviewed based on title and abstract, and 26 were selected for full-text review. Only three articles were retained. The three articles dealt with practices likely to lead to oral exposure to plastic chemicals in human health, as well as the level of awareness of participants concerning the possible impact of plastic on human health, namely, the use of plastic baby bottles, the use of microwaves to cook food and reheat precooked food, the use of plastic bottles to store water in the refrigerator, water purifier containers with plastic bodies and plastic lunch boxes, the reuse of plastic bags and the inadequacy of treatment facilities. Conclusion: Plastic waste poses different risks to human health at every stage of its life cycle. Hence, strategies must be adopted to raise public awareness of the dangers of plastic waste to their health. Trial registration: The review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO international prospective register of systematic reviews (ID = CRD42023409087).

多种Low-E中空玻璃性能对比分析

利用e QUEST能耗模拟软件,分析了3种具有不同类型Low-E玻璃的北京地区某办公楼建筑,模拟分析了遮阳、高透及双银玻璃性能对建筑冷热负荷和能耗的影响。并从寿命周期角度对几种玻璃进行了经济性分析,结果显示在全年能耗方面双银型玻璃节能效果及经济效果较好。

Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Dual-Frequency GNSS Receivers for Precise Positioning in Senegal: Issues and Challenges

The development of this technology has favored the advances noted in recent years in the field of precise positioning. It has also paved the way for a wide range of research into the evaluation of their performance and reliability, their potential use in different fields, the improvement of performance and combined systems, etc. Single-frequency GNSS receivers, which for a long time remained the only category of low-cost GNSS receivers, often limited by their level of accuracy (metric) mainly due to their single-frequency nature, have been joined in the last decade by dual-frequency GNSS receivers developed by certain manufacturers of positioning equipment. These receivers now offer possible alternatives to the relatively expensive conventional (topographic quality) or geodetic receivers and. In this study, the performance of these low-cost dual-frequency receivers was evaluated in static and real-time kinematic GNSS positioning modes. Static positioning was carried out on three points with sessions of 2 h and 4 h over three days with antenna swapping (CHC i50, Leica GS14 and Emlid Reach RS2+). Real-time observations were carried out on eleven (11) points in open, poorly open and not at all open environments, in order to assess not only performance but also receiver sensitivity in environments with a high risk of multipath. The results obtained showed an average agreement of 2 cm in planimetry between the low-cost Emlid RS2+ receiver and the Leica GS14 and CHC i50 receivers. The differences in altimetry are nevertheless greater (sometimes up to decimetres for certain points). Real-time positioning results provided an average convergence of around 1 cm on the E, N and H components with the results from the low-cost Emlid Reach RS2+ and Ublox ZED-F9P receivers and the CHC i50 receiver. Analysis of the results obtained has enabled us to highlight the various issues and challenges associated with this new generation of GNSS receivers, with a view to enhancing their appropriation and optimal integration in the professional and research worlds.

Low-Rank Multi-View Subspace Clustering Based on Sparse Regularization

Multi-view Subspace Clustering (MVSC) emerges as an advanced clustering method, designed to integrate diverse views to uncover a common subspace, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of clustering results. The significance of low-rank prior in MVSC is emphasized, highlighting its role in capturing the global data structure across views for improved performance. However, it faces challenges with outlier sensitivity due to its reliance on the Frobenius norm for error measurement. Addressing this, our paper proposes a Low-Rank Multi-view Subspace Clustering Based on Sparse Regularization (LMVSC- Sparse) approach. Sparse regularization helps in selecting the most relevant features or views for clustering while ignoring irrelevant or noisy ones. This leads to a more efficient and effective representation of the data, improving the clustering accuracy and robustness, especially in the presence of outliers or noisy data. By incorporating sparse regularization, LMVSC-Sparse can effectively handle outlier sensitivity, which is a common challenge in traditional MVSC methods relying solely on low-rank priors. Then Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed optimization problems. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of LMVSC-Sparse, offering a robust alternative to traditional MVSC methods.

Enhancing the Quality of Low-Light Printed Circuit Board Images through Hue, Saturation, and Value Channel Processing and Improved Multi-Scale Retinex

To address the issue of deteriorated PCB image quality in the quality inspection process due to insufficient or uneven lighting, we proposed an image enhancement fusion algorithm based on different color spaces. Firstly, an improved MSRCR method was employed for brightness enhancement of the original image. Next, the color space of the original image was transformed from RGB to HSV, followed by processing the S-channel image using bilateral filtering and contrast stretching algorithms. The V-channel image was subjected to brightness enhancement using adaptive Gamma and CLAHE algorithms. Subsequently, the processed image was transformed back to the RGB color space from HSV. Finally, the images processed by the two algorithms were fused to create a new RGB image, and color restoration was performed on the fused image. Comparative experiments with other methods indicated that the contrast of the image was optimized, texture features were more abundantly preserved, brightness levels were significantly improved, and color distortion was prevented effectively, thus enhancing the quality of low-lit PCB images.

Robust Principal Component Analysis Integrating Sparse and Low-Rank Priors

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for data analysis and dimensionality reduction, but its sensitivity to feature scale and outliers limits its applicability. Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) addresses these limitations by decomposing data into a low-rank matrix capturing the underlying structure and a sparse matrix identifying outliers, enhancing robustness against noise and outliers. This paper introduces a novel RPCA variant, Robust PCA Integrating Sparse and Low-rank Priors (RPCA-SL). Each prior targets a specific aspect of the data’s underlying structure and their combination allows for a more nuanced and accurate separation of the main data components from outliers and noise. Then RPCA-SL is solved by employing a proximal gradient algorithm for improved anomaly detection and data decomposition. Experimental results on simulation and real data demonstrate significant advancements.