Unified analysis for stabilized methods of low-order mixed finite elements for stationary Navier-Stokes equations

A unified analysis is presented for the stabilized methods including the pres- sure projection method and the pressure gradient local projection method of conforming and nonconforming low-order mixed finite elements for the stationary Navier-Stokes equa- tions. The existence and uniqueness of the solution and the optimal error estimates are proved.

Experimental researches for scaling laws of low-order structure function in boundary layer

Scaling laws are addressed by analysing moments of velocity increments which obtained by Particle-image Velocimetry(PIV)system in the boundary layer of a flat plate.In the paper,we measure the moments of increments of upstream velocity(u'),longitudinal velocity(v')and ponderance of vorticity(dv'/dx)at Reθ=2167 in different wall distance and verify the anomaly of the scaling exponents of high-order structure functions with the increasing order of the moments,discuss the scaling of non-integer moments of order between+2 and-1.The difference of scaling exponents of low-order structure functions between the experimental data and Kolmogorov's,SL's(She & Leveque)prediction increases as the moment order decreases toward-1,which shows that the anomaly is manifested in low-oeder moments as well.However,for same order structure functions,the scaling exponents of v' and dv'/dx are not changeable in different wall distance.

Seasonal Characteristics and Interannual Variability of Monthly Scale Low-Frequency Oscillation in a Low-Order Global Spectral Model

Analysis is done of five-year low-pass filtered data by a five-layer low-order global spectral model, indicating that although any non-seasonal external forcing is not considered in the model atmosphere,monthly-scale anomaly takes place which is of remarkable seasonality and interannual variability.Analysis also shows that for the same seasonal external forcing the model atmosphere can exhibit two climatic states,similar in the departure pattern but opposite in sign, indicating that the anomaly is but the manifestation of the adverse states, which supports the theory of multi-equilibria proposed by Charney and Devore(1979) once again.Finally, the source for the low-frequency oscillation of the global atmosphere is found to be the convective heat source / sink inside the tropical atmosphere as discussed before in our study.Therefore, the key approach to the exploration of atmospheric steady low-frequency oscillation and the associated climatic effect lies in the examination of the distribution of convective heat sources / sinks and the variation in the tropical atmosphere.

Low-order harmonic generation of hydrogen molecular ion in laser field studied by the two-state model

The low-order harmonic generation of hydrogen molecular ion interacting with a linearly polarized laser field has been investigated theoretically by using a simple two-state model. The validity of the two-state model is carefully examined by comparing the harmonic spectra of hydrogen molecular ion obtained from this model with those from the three-dimensional time-dependent Schr¨odinger equation. When combined with the Morlet transform of quantum time-frequency spectrum,the two-state model can be used to study the dynamical origin of the low-order harmonic generation of hydrogen molecular ion driven by low-frequency pulses. In addition, some interesting structures of the time profiles for low order harmonics are obtained.

Provenance of upper Permian-lowermost Triassic sandstones, Wutonggou low-order cycle, Bogda Mountains, NW China:implications on the unroofing history of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture

This study investigates the provenance of sedimentary rocks in Bogda Mountains, NW China, and reconstructs the lithology and unroofing history of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture. Petrographic point counting data of sandstones and compositions of conglomerates of upper Permian-lowermost Triassic Wutonggou low-order cycle from Zhaobishan, North Tarlong, Taodonggou, and Dalongkou sections in the southern and northern foothills of Bogda Mountains were used to interpret the temporal and spatial variations of lithology of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture, which is the sediment source area. Three compositional trends were identified. A trend of upwardincreasing quartz content and granitic pebbles in Zhaobishan section suggests a change from the undissected volcanic arc, accretionary wedge and trench setting to predominantly transitional volcanic arc and subordinate accretionary wedge and trench, in the eastern part of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture. In North Tarlong and Taodonggou sections, however, the lithic content decreases and the contents of quartz and granitic pebbles increase up sections. These trends indicate that the western part of the Eastern North Tianshan Suture changed from an undissected volcanic arc to the transitional volcanic arc, accretionary wedge and trench. No clear trend in the lithic-rich sandstones of the Dalongkou section indicates that sediments were derived from the undissected volcanic arc in the Eastern North Tianshan Suture and local rift shoulders. Compositional variations of studied rocks suggest that the Eastern North Tianshan Suture was an amalgamated complex with great spatial and temporal heterogeneities in lithology and experienced persistent unroofing during late Permian-earliest Triassic. This study reconstructs a key element of the Chinese Tianshan Suture and serves as an example to understand the unroofing processes of ancient sutures.

Impact of the fracture on low-order guided waves in long bone

Using ultrasonic guided waves to assess long bone fractures and fracture healing has become a promising diagnostic issue. But the multimode overlap of the guided waves challenges the quantitative evaluation and clinical application. In the preformed study, in order to simplify the signal interpretation, the low-frequency sinusoidial signals were used to only excite SO and A0 modes in fractured long bones. The amplitudes of SO and A0 modes were numerically analyzed with variation in crack width and fracture angle. Numerical simulation, based on the two-dimension finite-difference time-domain （2D-FDTD） reveals that both SO and A0 amplitudes decrease with the fracture widening. However, the increase in fracture angle gradually enhances the A0 amplitude, while with respect to the SO mode, its amplitude shows a non-monotonic trend to the variation in fracture angle with a turning point around 45°. The amplitude ratio between S0 and A0 can reflect the variations in crack width and fracture angles. The simulation illustrates that ultrasonic guided SO and A0 modes are sensitive to the degree of both vertical and oblique fractures in the long cortical bone. These findings may be helpful for fractures diagnosis and healing evaluation of the long bone.

ANALYSES OF LOW-ORDER PRECONDITIONERS ON HIGH-ORDER SCHEMES FOR SOME MODEL PROBLEMS

Ⅰ. INTRODUCTIONBy high-order (discretization) schemes we can obtain highly accurate numerical solutions of diferential equations by using very few grid points. But the algebraic systems induced by high-order schemes olden are ill-posed and have many non-zero elements. In order to solve these algebraic systems efficiently, Y. S. Wong presented a preconditioned conju-

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback （DFB） gratings axe fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers. A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet （UV） light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process. A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012. The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.

A Posteriori Error Estimate for Stabilized Low-Order Mixed FEM for the Stokes Equations

This paper is concerned with a stabilized approach to low-order mixed finite element methods for the Stokes equations.We will provide a posteriori error analysis for the method.We present two a posteriori error indicators which will be demonstrated to be globally upper and locally lower bounds for the error of the finite element discretization.Finally two numerical experiments will be carried out to show the efficiency on constructing adaptive meshes.

基于二次分数低阶协方差的时延估计方法

针对强脉冲噪声背景下基于分数低阶统计量时延估计方法性能退化且需要噪声先验知识的问题,提出了一种基于二次分数低阶协方差的时延估计新方法。所提方法首先利用有界非线性Sigmoid函数对含有脉冲噪声的信号进行预处理,使其在不影响有用信号时延信息的基础上对附加脉冲噪声进行充分压缩;然后对处理后的收发信号进行二次分数低阶协方差运算,即求得发射信号的自分数低阶协方差和收发信号的互分数低阶协方差之后,再次计算二者的互分数低阶协方差,以期更大程度上抑制脉冲噪声的影响。通过模拟仿真实验对所提方法进行了有效性验证,结果表明所提方法突破了分数低阶矩阶次需小于Alpha稳定分布噪声特征指数的限制,并且比分数低阶协方差方法具有更高的估计精度。仿真实验结果表明在广义信噪比-10 dB情况下,时延估计用时为0.0560 s,准确率达到97.76%。

基于分数低阶协方差的阵列式超声波测风方法

考虑到当前基于时差法的超声波测风方法是间歇式测量,并且在脉冲噪声背景下测风精度较差,提出一种基于分数低阶协方差的阵列式超声波连续测风方法。该方法采用由一个发射超声波换能器和4个接收换能器组成的超声波测风阵列结构,依托该阵列结构通过对其连续采样并进行分数低阶协方差运算处理以抑制脉冲冲击噪声的影响,然后结合多重信号分类算法即可实现风速风向的高精度连续测量。通过仿真对比实验和实际测量实验验证了所提方法的有效性及优越性,与其他超声波测风方法相比具有更强的噪声抑制能力及测风精度,在实测实验中风速和风向的测量误差分别为1.2%和2°,基本达到了超声波风速风向测量的精度要求。

含有输入时滞的非线性系统的输出反馈采样控制

针对含有输入时滞和低阶非线性项的非线性系统,提出一种基于采样机制的无记忆输出反馈控制方法.该方法移除了传统预测控制方法预测映射难以确定的限制,同时避免了时滞依赖方法对过去时刻状态信息的依赖性,在实际中更易实现.首先,根据系统输出在采样时刻的信息,利用加幂积分技术和齐次占优思想设计了无记忆输出反馈采样控制器.然后,利用齐次系统理论提出了闭环系统的稳定性条件.最后,仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性.

热和低温处理对淀粉长短程有序结构的影响及变化机理研究进展

淀粉中长短程有序结构的紧密排列、高度有序能使其表现出良好的热稳定性和抗酶解能力,因此淀粉处理过程中长短程有序结构的改变对其性质尤其是消化性能的影响成为研究热点之一。热和低温处理是淀粉基食品常见的处理方式,主要分别通过热效应和生成冰晶产生挤压破坏淀粉分子,断裂的淀粉结构随游离水的流动重排会影响淀粉长短程有序结构的含量和完整性,从而影响淀粉的糊化、流变、消化等性质。文中以湿热、韧化、干热、冻融、冻干这5种处理方式为主,综述了热和低温对淀粉长短程有序结构的影响,并从精细结构变化的角度阐述了影响机理,同时指出长短程有序结构的变化及其对淀粉理化及功能性质的影响,可为功能性淀粉基食品的开发提供思路和参考。

HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响

通常使用无电离层(IF)线性组合(LC)消除低地球轨道(LEO)卫星简化动力学精密定轨(POD)一阶电离层延迟误差,忽略了高阶电离层(HOI)延迟误差。随着LEO卫星POD技术的发展,计算不同轨道高度的HOI延迟并探索其变化已成为进一步提高POD精度的重要手段。首先,使用国际参考电离层-2016(IRI-2016)和国际地磁参考场第13代(IGRF-13)模型,计算电离层穿刺点(IPP)位置和地磁场强度。其次,使用平滑星载GNSS数据计算电离层斜路径总电子含量(STEC)。然后,分别计算GOCE、GRACE-A和SWARM-A/B卫星的二阶和三阶电离层延迟。最后,评估了HOI延迟对LEO卫星重叠轨道分析、卫星激光测距(SLR)检核和精密科学轨道(PSO)比较结果的影响。实验结果表明:HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响大约在毫米至厘米的数量级上;HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD外符合精度的影响分别达到0.92,0.22,0.21和0.18 mm;随着LEO卫星轨道高度的增加,HOI延迟对LEO卫星简化动力学POD的影响减小。

MCI患者高阶动态功能连接的图论网络构建方法及分类

针对在低阶脑网络应用图论忽视了功能连接高阶动态性的问题,提出了一种基于高阶动态功能连接的图论网络构建方法(GNC-HodFC),提取高阶FC网络的图论特征以对轻度认知障碍患者和健康被试者进行差异性分析及分类。首先定义了表征高阶动态脑网络连接的图论节点和边;然后利用滑动窗相关技术提取低阶功能连接信息,提出平稳性判据,选取最优特征子集以构建图论的节点;最后提出自适应阈值策略对高阶动态功能连接信息进行选取以构建图论的边,最终完成高阶动态脑网络的图构建。实验结果表明,GNC-HodFC的平均分类准确率可以达到70.5%,优于其他三种对比方法,且患者组和健康组的图论特征中存在显著性差异,GNC-HodFC方法可以为轻度认知障碍的诊断提供新的辅助手段。

一种低温度系数高阶补偿基准电压电路设计

基准电压对模拟系统的性能与精度有着至关重要的影响.一般的曲率补偿仅能消除与温度相关的二阶项,难以满足某些电路对高精度的要求.现有的电路存在温度系数较高的问题,亟须对更高阶进行补偿.本文提出了一种新的高阶曲率补偿方法,通过利用CMOS晶体管亚阈值特性设计,成功实现了一种低温度系数电压基准电路.该方法首先利用两个不同温度系数的电流流过相同的亚阈值区CMOS晶体管,产生两个具有不同温度特性的栅源电压.然后,通过对这两个不同温度特性的栅源电压进行相减,产生对数电压,并与一阶补偿电压进行加权叠加,从而实现高阶补偿.为了提高电源抑制比(PSRR),该电路采用了高增益负反馈回路,避免了传统电压基准电路中放大器的使用,进一步地降低了功耗.本设计基于0.18μm CMOS工艺,在Cadence软件下完成电路设计、版图设计与仿真验证.仿真结果显示,该电路正常工作电压范围为1.6~3 V,在2 V的工作电压下,基准电压输出295 mV,在-45~125℃范围内温度系数为1.26 ppm/℃,PSRR为51.1 dB@1 kHz,最大静态电流为8.9μA.结果表明,该基准电压电路能够满足高精度集成电路系统的需求.

高压电缆绝缘低密度聚乙烯交联过程中级数和自催化反应的逆向调控

在保证交联度的前提下提升耐焦烧性能是进一步发展国产高压电缆低密度聚乙烯绝缘料的关键之一。焦烧和交联度本质上是交联反应及其结果的反映,该文基于高分子化学流变学和凝胶理论,提出了绝缘料耐焦烧性能的定量表征方法,结合实验分析和交联反应动力学模型,首次全面探讨了交联反应与焦烧和交联度的关联机理,提出了提升耐焦烧性能并保证交联度的优化策略。研究发现,低密度聚乙烯交联过程中有级数反应和自催化反应,低温下级数反应的级数越低,越有利于延缓交联反应,增加凝胶时间,提高耐焦烧性能;而高温下自催化反应的级数越高,越有利于加速交联反应,提高交联度。单一添加剂只能同向改变级数反应和自催化反应的级数,复合添加剂的协同作用则能逆向改变级数反应和自催化反应的级数,从而实现了在保证交联度的前提下提升绝缘料的耐焦烧性能。该研究为推进高压电缆低密度聚乙烯绝缘料国产化提供了重要理论支撑。

双同步坐标系解耦滤波器复变量建模与分析

针对解耦双同步坐标系锁相环(DDSRF-PLL)传统实变量模型阶数较高、序分量响应不易观察、滤波性能评估困难等问题,提出了一种基于复变量的DDSRF-PLL建模方法。首先,建立了其复变量模型,分析了序分量响应特性,该复变量模型表明正序基波输出模型对负序基波分量实现负无穷大的衰减,同时可得到其他频率序分量的衰减增益;然后,基于提出的复变量模型,设计了二阶低通滤波器以显著增强解耦网络的滤波性能,并进一步分析了高阶低通滤波器的可行性与必要性。研究表明采用二阶低通滤波器即可满足大部分场景下的谐波抑制要求,且具有计算量小、模型阶数低、易于数字实现的优点。实验结果验证了所提复变量模型的正确性与有效性。

基于LOFUnet深度卷积神经网络低序级断层多属性识别方法

低序级断层控制圈闭及油气富集,对油气勘探开发具有重要的意义。但其识别描述难度大、效率低,严重制约了该类油藏的勘探开发进程。随着人工智能的发展,深度学习为低序级断层识别提供了新的途径。这里在样本集构建及方法上都有创新之处:建立了同相轴错动、扭动、微扭动地震响应特征的低序级断层样本集,为智能识别奠定了良好的样本库;LOFUnet网络是在UNet基础上进行的改进,可以获取样本中更多低序级断层信息的特征。笔者通过方差属性、倾角属性和振幅属性融合获得新的断层体,用构建的LOFUnet网络进行低序级断层识别。网络通过残差块构建编码器端可以获取更多的低序级断层特征,解决梯度消失问题,提高模型的收敛速度,增强模型的稳定性以及低序级断层检测的精度和效率。选用正演模拟数据和实际地震数据分别对UNet模型、LOFUnet模型进行测试,结果表明,基于LOFUnet深度卷积神经网络低序级断层多属性识别方法提取的信息更加丰富,提高了低序级断层识别的准确度。

不同序级走滑断裂对碳酸盐岩储集层发育的控制差异

断控岩溶体系储集空间结构差异制约该类油藏高效开发。目前,对高序级走滑断裂储集层储集空间结构研究较深入,但对低序级走滑断裂储集层储集空间结构研究较少。以塔里木盆地北部坳陷富满油田为例,从断裂活动强度、沉积环境、岩性等方面展开分析,对比不同序级走滑断裂储集层储集空间结构成因及差异,并分析了低序级走滑断裂的成因及勘探潜力。高序级走滑断裂活动强烈,储集层在剖面上呈倒三角式破碎,储集层规模由上至下逐渐减小;低序级走滑断裂活动强度相对较弱,储集层在剖面上呈正三角式破碎,储集层规模由上至下逐渐增大。低序级走滑断裂对地层的破碎规模影响有限,密集发育的裂缝网络可以导致储集层大规模破碎,影响储集层发育的主要因素是沉积环境和岩性。富满油田深层低序级走滑断裂由西向东可分为3个区域,勘探潜力大。