The Effect and Mechanism of Fructus lycii on Improvement of Exercise Fatigue Using a Network Pharmacological Approach with in vitro Experimental Verification

Objective This study aimed to investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of Fructus lycii in improving exercise fatigue.Methods A network pharmacological approach was used to explore potential mechanisms of action of Fructus lycii.Skeletal muscle C2C12 cells and immunofluorescence were employed to verify the effect and mechanism of the representative components in Fructus lycii predicted by network pharmacological analysis.Results Six potential active components,namely quercetin,β-sitosterol,stigmasterol,7-Omethylluteolin-6-C-beta-glucoside_qt,atropine,and glycitein,were identified to have potency in improving exercise fatigue via multiple pathways,such as the PI3K-Akt,neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction,IL-17,TNF,and MAPK signaling pathways.The immunofluorescence results indicated that quercetin,a significant active component in Fructus lycii,increased the mean staining area of 2-NBDG,TMRM,and MitoTracker,and decreased the area of CellRox compared to the control.Furthermore,the protein expression levels of p-38 MAPK,p-MAPK,p-JNK,p-PI3K,and p-AKT markedly increased after quercetin treatment.Conclusion Fructus lycii might alleviate exercise fatigue through multiple components and pathways.Among these,quercetin appears to improve exercise fatigue by enhancing energy metabolism and reducing oxidative stress.The PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways also appear to play a role in this process.

A Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Essential Micronutrient in Folium Lycii Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Technique

Abstract In this paper, the capabilities of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy （LIBS） for rapid analysis to multi-component plant are illustrated using a 1064 nm laser focused onto the surface of folium lycii. Based on homogeneous plasma assumption, nine of essential micronutrients in folium lycii are identified. Using Saha equation and Boltzmann plot method electron density and plasma temperature are obtained, and their relative concentration （Ca, Mg, A1, Si, Ti, Na, K, Li, and Sr） are obtained employing a semi-quantitative method.

The Inhibitory Effect of Extracts From Fructus lycii and Rhizoma polygonati on in vitro DNA Breakage by Alternariol

Alternariol caused DNA single-strand breakage. Conversion of the closed circular double-stranded supercoiled DNA (pBR 322) to the nicked circular form and linear form was used to investigate the effect of extracts of some Chinese medical herbs on DNA nicking induced by alternariol. Some substances in the extracts of Rhizoma polygonati (RP) and Fructus lycii (FL) were shown to protect DNA from the attack by alternariol.Some substance in the RP may bind to plasmid DNA, and this binding reduces the electrophoretic mobility of DNA. These results indicate that substances from FL and RP may be used as DNA protectors. It is possible that they play an important role in preventing cancer.

A Network Pharmacology Approach to Uncover the Molecular Targets and Associated Potential Pathways of Lycii Fructus for the Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Objective To explore the molecular targets and associated potential pathways of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)in the treatment of retinitis pigmentosa(RP)by the approaches of network pharmacology and bioinformatics.Methods The potential blood-entry active ingredients and targets of LF were retrieved by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP).RP-related gene targets were retrieved through disease comprehensive databases.Protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of LF component-targets and RP disease-targets was constructed by STRING,and the intersection of the 2 networks was extracted.Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis of theintersection network were conducted by Database for Annotation,Visualization and Integrated Discovery(DAVID).CytoHubba was used to screen the key targets.Results A total of 188 chemical constituents related to LF was retrieved from TCMSP database.45 active ingredients were screened according to pharmacokinetic parameters oral bioavailability(OB)and drug similarity(DL).36 active ingredients were further screened and 201 targets related to these constituents were obtained.206 target genes directly related to RP were obtained from the disease comprehensive databases,and 89 genes were obtained from the intersection of componenttarget and disease-target PPI network.These genes were mainly involved in intracellular signal transduction,GTPase activity regulation,cell morphology regulation,and other biological processes.Molecular functions were mainly related to Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity,GTPase activator activity,receptor signal protein serine/threonine kinase activity and so on.They were enriched in the cytoplasm,cell membrane,Golgi apparatus,and other regions.The mechanism was related to cell cycle pathways,neurotrophin signaling pathways,Ras signaling pathways,and so on.10 key gene targets of LF in the treatment of RP were screened.Conclusions The material basis for LF to exert its pharmacodynamic effect is 36 active ingredients such as cycloartenol,mandenol,and so on.The key targets of LF in the treatment of RP include 10 genes,such as Rho,PAK,and so on.The main mechanism is related to the regulation of the Ras signaling pathway,neurotrophin signaling pathway,cell cycle related pathway,and other signaling networks.

Effects of Lycii Fructus and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on the Syndrome of Deficiency with Blood Stasis in RCS(rdy-/-, p-/-) Rats with Retinitis Pigmentosa: An Intervention Study

Objective To investigate the effects of Lycii Fructus(LF,Gou Qi Zi,枸杞子)and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Ex Rhizoma(SM,Dan Shen,丹参)on the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis in the RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats with retinitis pigmentosa(RP).Methods A total of 32 RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)rats were divided into 4 groups(equal amounts of female and male rats in each group):model group treated with 0.9%normal saline,LF group treated with LF formula granules,SM group treated with SM formula granules,and LF and SM(L·S)group treated with LF and SM formula granules.Eight RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)rats(4 males and 4 females)were treated with 0.9%normal saline to serve as blank group.The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate and fibrinogen content in plasma,and the content of cAMP and cGMP in retinal homogenate were detected.The retina was evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results The contents of E2,PG,P-Selectin,plasma viscosity,whole blood relative index of the high shear rate,and fibrinogen content in the plasma of L·S group significantly differed from those of model group(P<0.01),but were similar to those of blank group.The contents of cAMP and cGMP in the retinal homogenate of L·S group significantly differed from those in model group(P<0.01)but were similar to those in blank group(P>0.05).Conclusions LF and SM can effectively treat retinitis pigmentosa by ameliorating the syndrome of deficiency with blood stasis.

枸杞褐斑病菌Stigmella lycii生物学特性研究

枸杞小黑梨孢褐斑病自2010年在甘肃省枸杞种植区发现以来已扩展至甘肃省各枸杞种植区,关于其病原枸杞小黑梨孢Stigmella lycii的生物学特性研究国内外尚属空白。本研究通过植物病理学常规方法测定了该菌的生物学特性,结果表明,该菌菌丝生长的温度范围为10~35℃,最适25℃;产孢的温度范围为20~25℃,最适25℃;子囊孢子和分生孢子萌发的温度范围及最适温度分别为5~30℃(最适20℃)和0~35℃(最适25℃)。连续光照有利于菌落生长、产孢和分生孢子萌发,光暗交替有利于子囊孢子萌发;pH 4.0~10.0范围内菌丝均可生长,最适为pH 6.5,产孢的pH范围为6.0~7.0,最适6.5,pH 4.5~9.2条件下孢子均可萌发,最适pH为7.0;子囊孢子和分生孢子分别在相对湿度95%和75%以上可萌发,水中萌发最好;枸杞叶片浸渍液、葡萄糖液等营养条件对孢子萌发有一定促进作用。本研究结果为枸杞小黑梨孢褐斑病后续研究提供一定的理论依据,同时为制定枸杞褐斑病的综合防控措施提供了一定的技术支撑。

The Effect of Cortex Lycii on Rattus norvegicus’ Blood Glucose Level Using a High Glucose Diet

One of the primary problems in the United States is diabetes. Cortex Lycii is an herb from Asia mostly used in traditional Chinese medicine. Although its main purpose is not for lowering blood glucose levels, there are studies on Cortex Lycii with other substances which have proven it can lower glucose level in type 2 diabetes rat. Unlike other experiments, this experiment only used Cortex Lycii as a single unit to see if there was any effect on blood glucose level. Also an observation was done on if Cortex Lycii could reduce blood glucose level after ingesting a high glucose diet. Rattus norvegicus was used in this project and in order for the subject to consume Cortex Lycii, the herb was boiled and the liquid was given for consumption. In order to increase the rats’ glucose levels, corn syrup and white sugar were added to the mixture. The data showed significant decrease of blood glucose when Cortex Lycii liquid was ingested. This research has shown that Cortex Lycii can be a potential treatment for hyperglycemia or diabetes. With further research, there can be an alternative treatment rather than injecting external hormones (Insulin).

Molecular mechanism of treatment of pneumonia in children with Mori cortex-Lycii cortex based on network pharmacology

Objective:To study the molecular mechanism of Mori cortex-Lycii cortex in the treatment of pneumonia in children based on network pharmacology. Methods:TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM online prediction database were used to screen and collect the active ingredients and targets of Mori cortex-Lycii cortex based on oral bioavailability and drug-like. Predictive analysis of disease targets was conducted through PubMed,GeneCards and DrugBank databases. The component-target regulation network was constructed by using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software,and the network topology of the core target was analyzed. Finally,the Bioconductor platform and R language were used for GO function analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis,and the target-key pathway network diagram was constructed. Results:A total of 43 active components,including quercetin,kaempferol,acacetin,and beta-sitosterol,were identified with 242 potential targets. There were 3 271 pneumonia targets in children,among which the key targets were IL-6,AKT1,MAPK8,etc. There were 31 common targets of MMP9,TNF,AKT1 and so on. GO biological processes included the response to lipopolysaccharides,molecule of bacterial origin,metal ions,regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway,and T cell activation. The KEGG signaling pathways involved mainly included TNF,PI3 K/AKT and MAPK signaling pathway. Conclusion:Quercetin,kaempferol,beta-sitosterol and acacetin in Mori cortex-Lycii cortex may act on several signal transduction pathways such as TNF,PI3 K/AKT,MAPK signal pathways through AKT1,MAPK8,IL-6 and MMP9 targets,then treat children pneumonia via antiinflammation action. The results can provide references for the further study on the treatment of pneumonia in children with Mori Ccortex-Lycii cortex.

A Rapid Determination of 30 Prohibited Pesticide Residues in Lycii Fructus by UPLC-MS/MS

Prohibited pesticide residues have become one of the main factors affecting the quality and safety of Lycii Fructus,However,rarely studies focus on the rapid determination of these residues.Here,a total of 30 kinds of prohibited pesticide residues were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS)in five different process ways.Pretreatment methods,chromatographic separation and detection conditions in mass spectrometry were all optimized accordingly.Among the five different pretreatment methods,the first and third solid phase extraction failed to provide high recoveries of sulfosulfuron compounds(both lower than 60%).Recovery of chlorphenamidine by the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe multiresidue method(QuEChERS)was lower than 60%,which did not meet the requirements of trace determination.The concentrations of 30 prohibited pesticides residues treated by straightforward and solid phase extraction showed good linearity in their corresponding ranges,with correlation coefficients over 0.99.The average recoveries of straightforward ranged from 78.13%to 110.9%,while RSD ranged from 1.3%to 16.9%,albeit poor purification was observed.The recovery yield from solid phase extraction was between 67.75%and 103.08%with RSD value from 0.8%to 14.0%,which met the requirements of trace determination,this method has good precision and stability.These results could be employed to other Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCMs)in detecting prohibited pesticide residues.

Exploring the therapeutic effects of Cortex Lycii on essential hypertension

Background:Essential hypertension affects over a billion people worldwide.Despite the absence of a definitive cure,current treatments primarily aim to manage blood pressure levels.There is a compelling need for antihypertensive medications that offer high effectiveness,low toxicity,and minimal side effects.Objective:This study seeks to investigate the antihypertensive properties of Cortex Lycii by employing network pharmacology and validating the findings through molecular docking.Methods:We utilized various platforms and databases related to traditional Chinese medicine to identify the active compounds within Cortex Lycii.Targets associated with hypertension were gathered from well-established disease-related resources.Shared targets were delineated using the EVenn.Subsequently,we conducted GO and KEGG analyses through the DAVID platform and visualized the resultant network with Cytoscape.Molecular docking was carried out using Autodock Vina and PyMOL.Results:Our investigation revealed ten active compounds in Cortex Lycii that demonstrated correlation with 82 essential hypertension-associated targets.These shared targets were categorized into four distinct clusters,each with unique functions.Fourteen hub targets were singled out based on predefined selection criteria.GO analysis unveiled the participation of shared targets in various biological processes linked to hypertension.KEGG analysis identified ten significant signaling pathways associated with hypertension development.Molecular docking analysis provided confirmation of the interaction between the selected hub targets and the active compounds.Conclusion:Cortex Lycii,a traditional Chinese herb with a long history of use,exerts its antihypertensive effects through a combination of active compounds,involvement of multiple targets,regulation of various biological processes,and modulation of key signaling pathways.

Research and application of Lycii Fructus in medicinal field

Lycii Fructus（Lycium barbarum, Gouqizi in Chinese name） is one of the most popular Chinese material medica and a common ingredient in tonic food. This fruit has been paid rapidly growing attention for its nutrient value and noticeable pharmacological properties. The present paper focuses on the legal resource of Gouqizi and reviews the main research in medicinal field including botanical identification,ethnopharmacological functions, phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, clinic usages, and safety issues.In addition, some issues needed address will be also discussed. We strongly believe that further investigation will deepen our knowledge of Gouqizi and promote the industrial development in the world.

Gouqizi(Fructus Lycii)seed oil reduces D-galactose induced inflammation in testis of rats via Janus kinase 1/signal transducerand activator of transcription 1/nuclear factor-κB in vitro and in vivo

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the efficacy of Gouqizi(Fructus Lycii)seed oil(FLSO)on D-gal induced inflammation in testis of rats in vitro and in vivo.METHODS:In aging Sertoli cells(TM4 cells)induced by D-galactose(D-gal),the expression of upregulated agingrelated proteins.The number of cells counted by cell counting kit(CCK)-8 assay showed a high number of cells disposed with FLSO at 50,100 and 150μg/mL compared to that for the aging model.In vivo,male Sprague–Dawley rats(n=50,8-week-old,230-255 g)were randomly categorized into control,aging model,and FLSO(low-,medium-,and high-dose)groups.The expression of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and its upstream factors[Janus kinase 1(JAK1)and signal transducerand activator of transcription 1(STAT1)]was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence,related inflammatory factors quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Evaluation of testicular tissue by Johnsen score,the spermatogenic function was explored.RESULTS:The expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)(P<0.05),IL-6(P<0.001),and tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)(P<0.05)was decreased significantly,while that of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)(P<0.001)and IL-10(P<0.05)was increased in cells disposed with FLSO 100μg/mL.FLSO inhibited the expression of NF-κB and declined pp65/p65(P<0.01),as detected by Western blotting.In vivo,the levels in serum of IL-1β(P<0.001),IL-6(P<0.05),and TNF-α(P<0.01)declined while IL-10(P<0.05)was upregulated post-FLSO treatment.In addition,the expression of JAK-1 and STAT1 increased significantly in testicular tissue of rats treated with FLSO as compared to the aging model of rats(P<0.001),while the expression of NF-κB(P<0.001)declined in the testis in the FLSO group,as assessed by immunofluorescence.The levels of inhibor B and testosterone in serum both increased(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:In conclusion,this study determined the protective effects of FLSO to tolerate inflammatory injury in the testis,indicating that FLSO alleviates inflammation via JAK-1/STAT1/NF-κB pathway.

Noodle with Fructus Lycii and Bean Sprouts

Ingredients: 250 grams of fructus lycii (a traditional Chinese medicine), one egg, 500 grams of flour and some fresh bean sprouts. Directions:

基于生物信息学探究枸杞子治疗阿尔茨海默病的分子机制

目的基于生物信息学揭示枸杞子治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)的潜在靶点,探讨其相关生物学机制。方法通过检索中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)获得枸杞子的活性成分及其潜在靶点,通过基因-疾病关联数据库(DisGeNET)检索AD相关基因靶标。将枸杞子活性成分的潜在靶点和AD相关基因交集后的靶基因,导入功能性蛋白质关联网络数据库(STRING)构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络,鉴定出关键靶点,进一步构建靶点-通路-疾病的相互作用网络,同时对基因本体论(GO)通路和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路进行富集分析。利用Cytoscape 3.7.1建立成分-靶点-通路-疾病网络。采用AutoDockVina软件进行分子对接并计算结合亲和力。结果从枸杞子中筛选得到36种相关成分,对应靶点202个。从DisGeNET数据库中收集了123个与AD相关的重要基因,最终确定了28个活性枸杞子成分和AD的共享靶点,其中10个靶点:肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素(IL)-6、胱天蛋白酶3、血管内皮生长因子A、前列腺素内过氧化物合酶2、超氧化物歧化酶1、IL-1B、淀粉样前体蛋白、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ、血红素加氧酶1,通过最大团节点中心性算法进一步定义为关键基因靶点。在P<0.01的条件下,GO途径的富集分析分别证明了10个生物学过程、分子功能和细胞成分。KEGG通路富集分析得到102条P<0.05的通路。分子对接显示,槲皮素、甘氨酸、β-谷甾醇等具有较高的亲和力,可以成为治疗AD的潜在药物。结论枸杞子治疗AD的机制与细胞凋亡、神经炎症、神经退行性病变等途径有关,可为枸杞子治疗AD提供药理学依据。

基于外观性状和指标性成分划分枸杞子不同产地

目的 对不同产地枸杞子外观性状与其指标性成分进行分析,并探究两者是否存在关联性,为进一步研究枸杞子质量评价提供方法。方法 依据《中华人民共和国药典》2020版规定对枸杞子中甜菜碱、枸杞多糖的含量进行测定;对枸杞子的外观性状进行测量统计,采用逐步判别法、线性判别分析法(LDA)对枸杞子外观性状数据进行筛选并优化;并分析枸杞子外观性状与其指标性成分之间的关联性。结果 宁夏枸杞多糖含量高达3.43%,远高于其他产地。对枸杞子外观性状与内在品质进行关联性分析,发现果皮厚度与甜菜碱含量呈负相关性(r=-0.485,P<0.01);纵横比与枸杞多糖含量(r=0.420,P<0.05)、甜菜碱含量(r=0.815,P<0.01)呈正相关性。结论 不同产地的枸杞子在外观性状及内在指标上均有差异,该研究可为枸杞子的综合质量评价提供参考。

易混淆中药地骨皮、香加皮、五加皮鉴别研究

目的:探讨区分鉴别易混淆皮类中药地骨皮、香加皮、五加皮的方法。方法:采用性状、微性状、显微、荧光鉴别等方法对地骨皮、香加皮、五加皮进行鉴别研究。结果:地骨皮、香加皮、五加皮在性状和微性状方面的主要鉴别点是外表面、断面和气味;显微鉴别的重点是草酸钙结晶不同。传统荧光法在紫外灯下观察三者的荧光现象区别不明显,但是二维荧光和三维荧光等方面均有较大差异。二维荧光光谱结果显示,三种药材的水提取液均只有一个荧光峰,三者的峰位、峰强度和峰形有很大差别;三维荧光光谱结果显示,地骨皮有三个荧光峰,香加皮和五加皮有两个荧光峰,三者的峰位和峰强度有明显差异。结论:传统鉴别方法可用于地骨皮、香加皮、五加皮的鉴别,二维荧光光谱法和三维荧光光谱法可快速、准确地区分三种药材。

枸杞子-菊花药对提取物对豚鼠光源性近视模型的影响及机制研究

目的考察枸杞子与菊花药对配伍对发育期豚鼠光源性近视发生及发展的影响。方法采用三基色荧光灯照射发育期豚鼠,建立光源性近视模型,枸杞子-菊花提取物添加饲料饲养豚鼠,利用眼科A型超声测量仪检测眼轴,HE染色观察豚鼠视网膜病理损伤,酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测豚鼠视网膜多巴胺(DA)及褪黑素(MT)含量,转录组学分析等方法探讨枸杞子-菊花对豚鼠光源性近视的影响。结果造模6周后,与正常组相比,模型组豚鼠眼轴显著增长(P<0.01),近视模型建立成功;枸杞子-菊花提取物可有效减缓模型组豚鼠晶状体加厚、玻璃体腔加深,进而延缓整体眼轴的过度增长;模型组豚鼠视网膜组织变薄,视网膜内核层及外核层的厚度及细胞数目显著降低,神经节细胞核稀疏,神经节细胞层空泡化明显,枸杞子-菊花提取物能保护视网膜细胞,视网膜内核层及外核层的厚度及细胞数目增加,神经节细胞核增多;ELISA检测显示模型组豚鼠视网膜内DA、MT水平显著降低(P<0.05),中、高剂量枸杞子-菊花提取物能够有效提升模型组豚鼠视网膜及血清中DA含量(P<0.01,P<0.001);眼部转录组学分析筛选的差异基因主要富集于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)信号通路、含胶原蛋白的细胞外基质等相关途径;ELISA结果显示,高剂量枸杞子-菊花提取物能显著增加PPARγ、COL1A1含量(P<0.01),降低SMA含量(P<0.05)。结论枸杞子-菊花药对具有延缓发育期豚鼠光源性近视发生及发展效用,保护视网膜细胞,改善人工光环境导致的DA分泌紊乱,参与调控眼部PPARγ水平,对光源性近视的防控具有积极意义,为临床合理用药和创制眼功能健康产品提供了科学依据。

三补方对自然衰老小鼠认知功能及脂质过氧化损伤的影响

目的观察三补方对自然衰老小鼠认知功能的影响,探讨潜在病理因素和三补方(Sanbu Decoction,SBD)的作用及其可能作用机制。方法18只18月龄自然衰老健康SPF级野生型C57BL/6小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为衰老组(WT-Aged)、多奈哌齐组(WT-Donepezil)、三补方组(WT-SBD),另选6只3月龄小鼠为青年对照组(WT-Young)。WT-Young小鼠不灌胃,WT-Aged小鼠用蒸馏水灌胃,其余用相应药物处理,灌胃45 d。灌胃结束前6日采用水迷宫实验,记录潜伏期时间、穿越平台次数和平台所在象限游泳路程。用HE染色观察海马神经元形态变化,免疫组织化学法测定小鼠脑海马组织Tau、p-Tau、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)、神经上皮干细胞蛋白(neuroepithelial stem cell protein,Nestin)表达水平,检测试剂盒检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量。结果与WT-Young相比,第2日起WT-Aged逃逸潜伏期延长(P<0.05),穿越平台次数和平台所在象限经过的路程减少(P<0.05);与WT-Aged相比,WT-Donepezil第3~5日和WT-SDB第4~5日逃逸潜伏期缩短(P<0.05),穿越平台次数和在平台所在象限经过的路程增多(P<0.05)。WT-Aged小鼠出现海马神经元排列紊乱和大面积的神经元坏死,细胞质嗜酸性增强,细胞核固缩、溶解、消失。与WT-Aged小鼠相比,WT-Donepezil和WT-SDB小鼠神经元损伤减少,排列较为紧密,退化固缩的细胞数量则明显减少,少部分细胞可见核固缩及细胞浆嗜酸性变。与WT-Young相比,WT-Aged Tau、p-Tau和GFAP表达增多(P<0.05),Nestin表达减少(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px活性降低(P<0.05),MDA含量升高(P<0.05)。与WT-Aged相比,WT-Donepezil和WT-SDB p-Tau、GFAP表达减少(P<0.05),WT-SBD SOD、GSH-Px活性升高(P<0.05),MDA含量降低(P<0.05)。结论三补方可以降低自然衰老小鼠脑海马组织p-Tau表达,减弱星形胶质细胞活化水平,降低脂质过氧化反应,发挥脑保护抗衰老作用,提高老年小鼠学习记忆能力,改善衰老小鼠的衰老状态,延缓衰老进程。

枸杞子抗衰老药理作用研究进展

枸杞子是具有滋补功效的传统药食同源中药,在现代医疗及养生保健等领域得到广泛应用并仍保有巨大的市场开发价值。但目前鲜见关于枸杞子抗衰老作用机制的总结阐述,为明确枸杞子的抗衰老作用,深入解析其分子机制,该研究系统梳理了历代本草对其轻身、耐老的认识及应用,特别是近5年枸杞子抗衰老的国内外相关研究,总结出枸杞子可以通过抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、代谢调节、凋亡调节、自噬调节、内质网应激等途径发挥显著的抗衰老作用。该文将为枸杞子抗衰老应用提供科学依据,为充分合理地发挥其抗衰老价值提供参考。

GC-MS法同时测定枸杞中16种农药残留的含量及安全性评价

目的建立GC-MS法同时测定枸杞中16种农药残留量的含量,并进行安全性评价。方法分析采用DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm,0.25μm);程序升温;进样量1.0μL,不分流;体积流量1.0 mL/min;进样口温度250℃;电子轰击电离(EI),电子能量70 eV;离子源温度230℃;多反应监测模式;碰撞气高纯N_(2)。采用残留水平、膳食摄入风险、风险排序和累积暴露评估对农药残留膳食风险相对较高的农药进行分析与讨论。结果16种农药在各自范围内线性关系良好(r≥0.9944),平均加样回收率70%~114%,RSD小于2%。产地枸杞和商超枸杞均未出现农药残留超标情况;产地枸杞中氟氯氰菊酯的平均残留量最高,为0.9992 mg/kg,商超枸杞中氯氰菊酯的平均残留量最高,为0.0884 mg/kg;产地枸杞和商超枸杞的慢性和急性膳食风险最高的农药均是氯氰菊酯;溴氰菊酯、哒螨灵、毒死蜱、敌敌畏、杀扑磷风险较高,但实际检测中只有哒螨灵被检出,并且未超标;产地、商超枸杞慢性危害指数(HI)值分别为0.0129、0.0012,急性HI值分别为0.0655、0.0054。结论部分枸杞样品存在农药残留,但均处于安全水平,喷洒农药时需要注意氯氰菊酯的使用。