PD-1/PD-L1联合CD8+TILs在宫颈癌组织中的表达及临床相关性分析

目的探讨宫颈癌组织中CD8+TILs和PD-1/PD-L1分子表达情况及临床相关性。方法选取蚌埠医学院第附属一医院2016年1月—2020年1月收治的152例宫颈癌患者作为本次研究对象。收集患者基本资料,应用免疫组化染色法对其PD-1/PD-L1阳性、CD8+TILs密度进行检测,按照PD-1/PD-L1表达和CD8+TILs密度情况将152例患者分为A组(n=40)、B组(n=59)、C组(n=43)、D组(n=10)。对PD-1/PD-L1、PD-L1/CD8+TILs密度与宫颈癌临床病理特征关系、CD8+TILs与PD-1/PD-L1的相关性分析情况予以分析,分析不同PD-1/PD-L1表达和CD8+TILs密度宫颈癌患者的生存情况。结果PD-L1和PD-1和阳性表达率65.13%、61.18%;PD-L1阳性表达和肿瘤大小、间质浸润深度、FIGO分期、淋巴结转移、宫旁浸润有密切联系(P<0.05);PD-1阳性表达与宫颈癌临床病理特征无紧密关联(P>0.05);CD8+TILs高密度和低密度分别为82例、70例,Spearman检验分析结果显示,PD-1和PD-L1表达分别与CD8+TILs密度呈正相关(r=0.742,P<0.001)和负相关(r=-0.385,P<0.001);四组在肿瘤大小、FIGO分期、淋巴血管间隙侵犯方面比较差异显著(P<0.05);FIGO分期、分化程度、淋巴血管间隙侵犯、淋巴结转移是影响宫颈鳞癌患者OS的独立因素;PD-L1阳性组的生存时间短于PD-L1阴性组(经Log-Rank检验,χ^(2)=20.986,P=0.000<0.05),CD8+TILs低密度组生存时间短于CD8+TILs高密度组(经Log-Rank检验,χ^(2)=40.788,P=0.000<0.05),D-L1-/CD8+TILs高密度组生存时间均高于其他三组(经Log-Rank检验,χ^(2)=47.145,P=0.000<0.05)。结论PD-L1在宫颈癌中呈高表达,且PD-1和PD-L1表达分别与CD8+TILs密度呈正相关和负相关。PD-1/PD-L1联合CD8+TILs在宫颈癌的预后评估中具有较高的临床应用价值。

肺非终末呼吸单元型腺癌中PD-L1表达和CD8^(+)TILs的临床意义

目的:探讨肺非终末呼吸单元型(non-TRU)腺癌中PD-L1表达和CD8^(+)肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(CD8^(+)TILs)的临床意义。方法:回顾性研究85例手术切除的临床分期为I-IV期的肺non-TRU型腺癌患者的临床病理资料,应用免疫组化方法检测PD-L1、p53和4项错配修复蛋白(MLH1、MSH2、MSH6和PMS2)的表达以及CD8^(+)TILs,应用扩增阻滞突变系统(ARMS)和荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测EGFR、KRAS突变和ALK融合基因,并结合随访资料进行生存分析。结果:85例non-TRU腺癌中PD-L1阴性34例(40.0%)、低表达36例(42.4%)、高表达15例(17.6%),PD-L1表达更常见于有吸烟史(P<0.05)、浸润性非黏液性腺癌(P<0.01)、组织学分级高(P<0.05)、脏层胸膜浸润(P<0.05)和KRAS突变(P<0.05)患者。CD8^(+)TILs低密度17例(20.0%)、中密度42例(49.4%)、高密度26例(30.6%),中-高密度CD8^(+)TILs更常见于患者年龄较低(P<0.05)、有吸烟史(P<0.01)、肿块较小(P<0.05)、浸润性非黏液性腺癌(P<0.01)、组织学分级高(P<0.01)和p53异常表达(P<0.01)。相关分析显示PD-L1表达与CD8^(+)TILs密度之间无显著性相关关系(P>0.05)。高密度CD8^(+)TILs患者的OS显著高于低-中密度患者(P<0.05),不同PD-L1表达水平的OS和DFS以及不同密度CD8^(+)TILs患者的DFS之间的差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:肺non-TRU型腺癌常表达PD-L1并具有较高密度的CD8^(+)TILs,提示患者可能从ICIs治疗中获益,高密度CD8^(+)TILs可以作为一项辅助判断肺non-TRU型腺癌预后的指标。

腹膜间皮瘤中TILs、PD-1和PD-L1的表达与预后的关系

目的探讨腹膜间皮瘤(peritoneal mesothelioma,PM)中CD3、CD4、CD8、CD20、CD68、PD-1和PD-L1的表达及与PM临床预后的关系。方法收集69例PM患者的临床病理资料,采用免疫组化EnVision两步法检测PM组织中CD3、CD4、CD8、CD20、CD68、PD-1和PD-L1的表达,Cox单因素和多因素比例风险回归模型分析蛋白表达水平与患者预后的关系。结果上皮样型和非上皮样型PM肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)中CD3、CD4、CD8、CD20、CD68、PD-1的表达均无明显差异。PD-L1在非上皮样型PM TILs中的表达高于上皮样型,但差异无统计学意义。PM患者的中位总生存期为19.1个月。Cox多因素分析显示石棉暴露(P=0.002)、PCI评分(P=0.034)、组织学类型(P=0.036)和CD4表达(P=0.043)是PM的独立预后因素。结论石棉暴露、PCI评分、组织学类型、TILs中CD4的表达对PM患者生存有显著影响。

Mesenteric adipose tissue B lymphocytes promote intestinal injury in severe acute pancreatitis by mediating enteric pyroptosis

Background:Visceral adipose tissue(VAT)has been linked to the severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)prognosis,although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.It has been reported that pyroptosis worsens SAP.The present study aimed to verify whether mesenteric adipose tissue(MAT,a component of VAT)can cause secondary intestinal injury through the pyroptotic pathway.Methods:Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were divided into six different groups.Twelve rats were randomly divided into the SAP and control groups.We monitored the changes of MAT and B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT of SAP rats.Twelve SAP rats were injected with MAT B lymphocytes or phosphate buffer solution(PBS).The remaining twelve SAP rats were first injected with MAT B lymphocytes,and then with MCC950(NLRP3 inhibitor)or PBS.We collected blood and tissue samples from pancreas,gut and MAT for analysis.Results:Compared to the control rats,the SAP group showed inflammation in MAT,including higher expression of tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)and interleukin-6(IL-6),lower expression of IL-10,and histological changes.Flow cytometry analysis revealed B lymphocytes infiltration in MAT but not T lymphocytes and macrophages.The SAP rats also exhibited intestinal injury,characterized by lower expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and occludin,higher levels of lipopolysaccharide and diamine oxidase,and pathological changes.The expression of NLRP3 and n-GSDMD,which are responsible for pyroptosis,was increased in the intestine of SAP rats.The injection of MAT B lymphocytes into SAP rats exacerbated the inflammation in MAT.The upregulation of pyroptosis reduced tight junction in the intestine,which contributed to the SAP progression,including higher inflammatory indicators and worse histological changes.The administration of MCC950 to SAP+MAT B rats downregulated pyroptosis,which subsequently improved the intestinal barrier and ameliorated inflammatory response of SAP.Conclusions:In SAP,MAT B lymphocytes aggravated local inflammation,and promoted the injury to the intestine through the enteric pyroptotic pathway.

Association between Helicobacter pylori infection,mismatch repair,HER2 and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer

BACKGROUND The influence of Helicobacter-pylori(H.pylori)infection and the characteristics of gastric cancer(GC)on tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels has not been extensively studied.Analysis of infiltrating-immune-cell subtypes as well as survival is necessary to obtain comprehensive information.AIM To determine the rates of deficient mismatch-repair(dMMR),HER2-status and H.pylori infection and their association with TIL levels in GC.METHODS Samples from 503 resected GC tumors were included and TIL levels were evaluated following the international-TILs-working-group recommendations with assessment of the intratumoral(IT),stromal(ST)and invasive-border(IB)compartments.The density of CD3,CD8 and CD163 immune cells,and dMMR and HER2-status were determined by immunohistochemistry(IHC).H.pylori infection was evaluated by routine histology and quantitative PCR(qPCR)in a subset of samples.RESULTS dMMR was found in 34.4%,HER2+in 5%and H.pylori-positive in 55.7%of samples.High IT-TIL was associated with grade-3(P=0.038),while ST-TIL with grade-1(P<0.001),intestinal-histology(P<0.001)and no-recurrence(P=0.003).dMMR was associated with high TIL levels in the ST(P=0.019)and IB(P=0.01)compartments,and STCD3(P=0.049)and ST-CD8(P=0.05)densities.HER2-was associated with high IT-CD8(P=0.009).H.pylorinegative was associated with high IT-TIL levels(P=0.009)when assessed by routine-histology,and with high TIL levels in the 3 compartments(P=0.002-0.047)and CD8 density in the IT and ST compartments(P=0.001)when assessed by qPCR.A longer overall survival was associated with low IT-CD163(P=0.003)and CD8/CD3(P=0.001 in IT and P=0.002 in ST)and high IT-CD3(P=0.021),ST-CD3(P=0.003)and CD3/CD163(P=0.002).CONCLUSION TIL levels were related to dMMR and H.pylori-negativity.Low CD8/CD3 and high CD163/CD3 were associated with lower recurrence and longer survival.

Predictive value of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for neoadjuvant therapy response in triple-negative breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The association between tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte(TIL)levels and the res-ponse to neoadjuvant therapy(NAT)in patients with triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)remains unclear.AIM To investigate the predictive potential of TIL levels for the response to NAT in TNBC patients.METHODS A systematic search of the National Center for Biotechnology Information PubMed database was performed to collect relevant published literature prior to August 31,2023.The correlation between TIL levels and the NAT pathologic com-plete response(pCR)in TNBC patients was assessed using a systematic review and meta-analysis.Subgroup analysis,sensitivity analysis,and publication bias analysis were also conducted.RESULTS A total of 32 studies were included in this meta-analysis.The overall meta-ana-lysis results indicated that the pCR rate after NAT treatment in TNBC patients in the high TIL subgroup was significantly greater than that in patients in the low TIL subgroup(48.0%vs 27.7%)(risk ratio 2.01;95%confidence interval 1.77-2.29;P<0.001,I2=56%).Subgroup analysis revealed that the between-study hetero-geneity originated from differences in study design,TIL level cutoffs,and study populations.Publication bias could have existed in the included studies.The meta-analysis based on different NAT protocols revealed that all TNBC patients with high levels of TILs had a greater rate of pCR after NAT treatment in all protocols(all P≤0.01),and there was no significant between-protocol difference in the statistics among the different NAT protocols(P=0.29).Additionally,sensitivity analysis demonstrated that the overall results of the meta-analysis remained consistent when the included studies were individually excluded.CONCLUSION TILs can serve as a predictor of the response to NAT treatment in TNBC patients.TNBC patients with high levels of TILs exhibit a greater NAT pCR rate than those with low levels of TILs,and this predictive capability is con-sistent across different NAT regimens.

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in gastric cancer:Unraveling complex interactions for precision medicine

This editorial will focus on tumor immunity and the factors that alter the tumor immune micro-environment.The role of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)will also be discussed in detail,including the types,mechanism of action,and role.Gastric cancer(GC)often presents in the advanced stage and has various factors predicting the outcomes.The interplay of these factors and their correlation with the TILs is discussed.A literature review revealed high intratumoral TILs associated with higher grade,HER2-,and Helicobacter pylori negativity.Moreover,stromal(ST)TILs correlated with lower grade and lesser recurrence risk in GC.High TILs in ST and invasive border also correlated with mismatch repair deficiency status.Further characterization of the CD3+,CD8+,and other cells is also warranted.In the future,this complex correlation of cancer cells with the immune system can be explored for therapeutic avenues.

宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者PD-L1与TILs表达水平及其与预后的关系

目的探讨宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者程序性死亡配体-1(PD-L1)、肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞亚群(TILs)表达水平及其与患者预后的关系。方法选取2007年1月至2013年9月在梅州市人民医院诊治并接受宫颈癌根治性切除术后发生淋巴结转移的101例患者作为研究对象。采用免疫组织化学法检测PD-L1、CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、叉头翼螺旋转录因子3(Foxp3)^(+)TILs表达水平。比较不同PD-L1表达水平患者临床病理特征差异;采用Spearman相关对PD-L1表达水平与TILs密度的相关性进行分析;采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析法分析PD-L1表达水平、TILs密度及密度比值与累计生存率的关系;采用Cox比例风险模型分析患者预后的独立影响因素。结果PD-L1表达于肿瘤细胞的细胞质和(或)细胞膜,阳性表达率为34.65%(35/101);CD4^(+)TILs计数为94(45,190);CD8^(+)TILs计数为63(31,117);FoxP3^(+)TILs计数为6.0(2.5,13.5);FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs比值为0.109(0.036,0.193)。PD-L1阳性表达组与PD-L1阴性表达组CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、FoxP3^(+)TILs密度比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PD-L1表达情况与CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、FoxP3^(+)TILs密度均呈正相关(r=0.305、0.222、0.222,P=0.002、0.026、0.026)。生存组与死亡组CD4^(+)TILs密度、CD8^(+)TILs密度和PD-L1表达情况比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。手术年龄<50岁、PD-L1阳性表达、CD4^(+)TILs高密度、CD8^(+)TILs高密度、FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs低比值患者累计生存率均高于手术年龄≥50岁、PD-L1阴性表达、CD4^(+)TILs低密度、CD8^(+)TILs低密度、FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs高比值患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,PD-L1阳性表达、CD8^(+)TILs高密度是患者预后的独立保护因素(P<0.05)。结论PD-L1、CD4^(+)TILs、CD8^(+)TILs、FoxP3^(+)TILs/CD8^(+)TILs比值与宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者预后均有关,其中PD-L1阳性表达、CD8^(+)TILs高密度是宫颈癌淋巴结转移患者预后的独立保护因素。

分析NAC治疗乳腺癌的MRI成像变化及其参数对预测浸润性乳腺癌TILs水平的效能

目的通过乳腺磁共振成像(MRI)技术评估新辅助化疗(NAC)对乳腺癌的疗效,并探讨MR多参数成像对浸润性乳腺癌肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)的预测价值。方法将本院2020年2月至2021年8月收治的浸润性乳腺癌患者142例纳入本次研究中,按照不同治疗方式分为NAC组(n=68)及常规组(n=74)。比较治疗前后两组乳腺MRI成像参数及治疗后两组患者TILs水平;根据治疗前的TILs比例将所有病例分为TILs低比例组、TILs高比例组,评估MR多参数对浸润性乳腺癌TILs水平高低的诊断价值。结果研究组治疗后ADC显著升高,肿瘤中心层面最大直径明显下降(P<0.05);研究组治疗有效率显著高于常规组(P<0.05);治疗后研究组TILs水平明显比常规组高(P<0.05);TILs高比例组中Her-2过表达型、三阴型数量多于低比例组;比较MRI参数发现,乳腺癌的形状、边缘、脂肪抑制T2WI信号均匀度、内部强化方式差异明显(P<0.05),形状圆形或卵圆形、边缘光滑、脂肪抑制T2WI信号均匀、内部强化均匀可能为TILs高表达相关(P<0.05);形状、边缘、脂肪抑制T2WI信号均匀度、内部强化方式ROC曲线线下面积均较高,且具有较高的特异性及敏感度。结论采用NAC治疗乳腺癌患者,可缩小病灶,使TILs表达增加,有利于患者病情稳定或改善,且通过MR多参数成像可对乳腺癌患者TILs水平起到预测作用,更好指导患者预后,建议临床推广使用。

Bystanders or not?Microglia and lymphocytes in aging and stroke

As the average age of the world population increases,more people will face debilitating aging-associated conditions,including dementia and stroke.Not only does the incidence of these conditions increase with age,but the recovery afterward is often worse in older patients.Researchers and health professionals must unveil and understand the factors behind age-associated diseases to develop a therapy for older patients.Aging causes profound changes in the immune system including the activation of microglia in the brain.Activated microglia promote T lymphocyte transmigration leading to an increase in neuroinflammation,white matter damage,and cognitive impairment in both older humans and rodents.The presence of T and B lymphocytes is observed in the aged brain and correlates with worse stroke outcomes.Preclinical strategies in stroke target either microglia or the lymphocytes or the communications between them to promote functional recovery in aged subjects.In this review,we examine the role of the microglia and T and B lymphocytes in aging and how they contribute to cognitive impairment.Additionally,we provide an important update on the contribution of these cells and their interactions in preclinical aged stroke.

肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TILs)免疫疗法在实体瘤治疗中的研究进展

基于肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes,TILs)的过继性细胞疗法(adoptive cell therapy,ACT)是继免疫检查抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs)之后的癌症治疗新型策略之一,其在多种实体瘤患者中实现完全缓解。但是,与传统药物的体内生物学行为不同,作为一种“活细胞”药物,回输TILs药物在体内具有独特并且复杂的分布、归巢、迁移以及增殖动力学过程,并与患者疗效与安全性密切相关。本文综述近年来TILs疗法在实体瘤中研究进展,包括TILs的药动学研究、在多种实体瘤治疗中药效研究、影响药效因素和相关机制研究等,以期为TILs药物开发以及临床转化提供参考。

Novel Protein C6ORF120 Promotes Apoptosis through Mitochondria-dependent Pathway in CD4+ T Lymphocytes

Generally,a healthy immune system should be in dynamic balance,which can be maintained by both promoting and resisting inflammation.Lymphocyte apoptosis is indispensable for maintaining homeostasis[1]and participates in the entire process of lymphocyte differentiation,development,maturation,and immune effects.It has been reported that a large amount of lymphocyte apoptosis occurs in lymphoid organs during severe trauma[2].Lymphocytes consist of T and B lymphocytes,among which CD4^(+)T cells were the focus of this study.CD4^(+)T lymphocytes play an important role in the innate immunity.Apoptosis of CD4^(+)T lymphocytes is an important biological process that induces CD4^(+)T cell depletion[3].Numerous studies have shown that CD4^(+)T cell apoptosis participates in many pathological processes of diseases such as HIV infection,cancer,and systemic sclerosis[4].Classical apoptosis is induced by factors that can activate several pathways,including the mitochondrial,endoplasmic reticulum,and death receptor pathways[5].The mitochondrial pathway is mainly activated by the Bcl-2 family[6].The endoplasmic reticulum(ER)pathway is affected by endoplasmic reticulum disorders.Some external factors can trigger the death receptor pathway,such as the binding of TNF-TNFR and the combination of Fas-FasL[7].Considering these pathways,it is feasible to study the specific mechanisms of lymphocyte apoptosis,primarily in CD4^(+)T cells.

Prediction of Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Egyptian Patients with Locally Advanced Breast Cancer: The Evolving Role of Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)

Background & objectives:?Presence of TILs in breast cancer indicates better therapeutic responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), increased pCR and improved outcome. We aim at evaluation of TILs in breast cancer biopsies in correlation with pathological response after NAC in locally advanced breast cancer Methods. This study was conducted at Ain Shams university hospital and Maadi Military hospital in Egypt. 45 Female patients with locally advanced breast cancer were treated with NAC;?pathological response was assessed. Tumours were categorized into: luminal A, luminal B, Her2 enriched and TNBC. Assessment of TILs (CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes) was based on Immuno-Oncology Biomarker Working Group guidelines.?Results:?Tumours were classified into high and low TIL groups using the interquartile range cutoff (29%). High CD4 group showed increased pCR (p?= 0.003) and smaller residual tumours (p?= 0.04). High CD8 group showed a significant association with smaller residual tumours (p?= 0.003). At follow-up of 24-months, CD4 and CD8 high groups showed significantly higher 2-years DFS. The difference between CD4 high and low groups was significant in regards to estrogen receptor status, showing higher levels in hormone-negative tumors (p = 0.029). Patients with Her2 subtype showed higher CD4 (p = 0.007) and CD8 expression (p = 0.018). In CD4 & CD8 low groups, more patients developed local recurrence and distant metastasis (p = 0.025). Conclusion:?We concluded that TILs may predict response to NAC and overall prognosis of breast cancer. The evaluation of TILs in correlation with morphological or genomics-based parameters helps to stratify patients of breast cancer.

炎性指标联合TILs与乳腺癌新辅助疗效关系

目的:乳腺癌已经成为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤,新辅助化疗在乳腺癌中占有重要地位,本研究主要探讨炎性指标如中性粒细胞淋巴细胞比例(Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, NLR)、血小板淋巴细胞比(Platelet lymphocyte ratio, PLR)、淋巴细胞单核细胞比(Lymphocyte monocyte ratio, LMR),肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(Tumor infiltrates lymphocytes, TILs)对新辅助化疗疗效产生预测作用。方法:回顾性分析青岛大学附属医院2017年6月~2020年6月就诊的乳腺癌患者,收集相关的病理资料,对TILs及化疗前后的NLR进行分析。结果:140例患者中,有21例达到了病理完全缓解,单因素分析显示:新辅助化疗疗效与年龄(P = 0.033)、淋巴结情况(P < 0.01)、激素受体(P < 0.001)、HER-2 (P = 0.024)、Kit-67 (P = 0.016)、分子分型(P = 0.007)、TILs (P = 0.002)、Pre-NLR (P = 0.001)、Delta-NLR (P ≤ 0.001)、Post-NLR (P ≤ 0.001)存在统计学差异,其余因素无明显相关。多因素分析显示:年龄(P = 0.044, 95%CI: 0.851~0.998)、TILs (P = 0.019, 95%CI: 0.031~0.728)与新辅助化疗疗效相关。结论:化疗前后的NLR及前后的差值新辅助疗效相关,TILs能够对疗效单独起到预测作用。

The Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs): Did We Find the Missed Piece of the Huge Puzzle?

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are used in evaluating the prognosis and determining treatment of different types of cancer with variable degrees of success. The usage of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy as a treatment variety for cancer and Adoptive cell therapy is associated with many complications, severe side effects and high expenses. Recently, in a limited number of metastatic GIT and breast cancers, the identification of T-cell specific against so-called tumor neo-antigens and Adoptive transfer of those lymphocytes resulted in some improvement. In 2020, Detection of a T cell receptor (TCR) in a T cell clone that recognized and killed most human cancer cell lines in vitro via the monomorphic MHC class I-related protein MR1, offers an opportunity for pan-cancer therapy Twenty three years earlier, Moist Heat was used successfully to activate a whole different and new immune response that was able to detect genetic mutation in the affected cancer cells and cured many cases of squamous and basal cell carcinomas. In this commentary review, we aimed to revise the literature for updates of TILs usage in cancer prognosis and treatment.

Effects of platelets on characteristics of lymphocytes cultured in vitro and optimization of adoptive immunotherapy

T lymphocytes,the main participants of cellular immunity,can express a variety of surface molecules and form different lymphocyte subsets under the induction of different factors to play the functions of immune regulation and immune killing.Studies have shown that platelets play a crucial role in maintaining the stable differentiation of lymphocytes and the balance in immunomodulation.Therefore,it is necessary to study the effect of platelets on lymphocytes in vitro to better understand the role of platelets in the immune system and broaden the application of adoptive immunotherapy.Methods:Cell counting and microscopic observation were used to detect the effect of activated platelets on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro;Flow cytometry was used to detect whether changes in platelet activity affect the proportion of lymphocyte subpopulations in vitro,and to detect differences in the expression of granzyme B;lactate dehydrogenase assay(LDH)was used to determine the difference in lymphocyte killing activity caused by platelet activity in vitro.Results:This was the first to promote lymphocyte proliferation through the expression or release of certain molecules in vitro,demonstrating that platelet activation is one of the key factors.Secondly,activated platelets or inactivated platelets promoted lymphocyte subset differentiation by enhancing the proportion of CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes(CTL cells)but had a slight effect on the proportion of CD3+CD4+T(Th cells)and CD4+CD25+T lymphocytes(Treg cells).Then,it was found that either activated platelets or inactivated platelets down-regulated the proportion of natural killer(NK)T lymphocytes,while activated platelets significantly enhance the proportion of NK lymphocytes.Therefore,by further detecting the killing activity of PBMCs treated with platelets,it was found that activated platelets promoted the extensive anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes and significantly increased the expression of granzyme B.Conclusion:Our results suggest that activated platelets promote lymphocyte proliferation,optimize lymphocyte subpopulation ratio,and promote cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes in vitro,which may provide a new strategy for optimizing the adoptive immunotherapy culture system and improving its efficacy.

Pretreatment Neutrophil/Lymphocytes Ratio in Non-Metastatic Colon Cancer as a Prognostic and Predictive Factor: A Retrospective Study

Background: In developed countries, colon cancer is the second most prevalent cancer, only exceeded by prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women. After Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast cancer, bladder cancer, lung cancer, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and brain tumors, colon cancer is the 7th most common cancer in Egypt, in both sexes, representing 3.47% and 3%, in both male and female cancers, respectively. Aim of the Work: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic and predictive significance of pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and recurrence, in high-risk stage II and stage III Colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 103 patients, who were submitted to upfront surgery as first therapeutic option in curative intent, between January 2017 and December 2018. Pretreatment Neutrophil/lymphocytes ratio (NLR), as well as demographics, clinical, histopathologic, and laboratory data were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors associated with disease free survival (DFS) and recurrence. Results: The cutoff point of Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was calculated with Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test to 3. This study revealed that neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) was significantly associated with disease free survival (p as no difference in efficacy between both chemotherapy regimens FOLFOX and XELOX in both high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer regarding disease free survival & the toxicity profile associated with each regimen and its grades between patients. Conclusion: Our study suggests that preoperative Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio (NLR) more than 3 may be an independent prognostic marker for TTR (time to recurrence) in high-risk stage II and stage III colon cancer patients.

基于对比增强CT的影像组学模型可预测乳腺癌患者的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞水平

目的:基于对比增强CT开发用于预测乳腺癌(BC)患者肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)水平的新型影像组学模型。方法:回顾性纳入210名非特殊浸润性BC患者(训练集:147名,验证集:63名),使用Pyradiomics软件包提取患者对比增强CT图像中的高维影像组学特征,然后利用Mann-Whitney U检验、斯皮尔曼相关系数和最小绝对值收敛和选择算子(LASSO)算法进行特征逐步筛选。筛选后的最优特征通过非线性支持向量机(NLSVM)方法在训练集中开发了影像组学模型,并在验证集中对模型的判别能力进行验证。之后利用沙普利加和解释(SHAP)算法对模型进行全局解释与特征重要性排序。结果:模型训练组和验证组的曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.824(95%CI:0.762~0.886)和0.766(95%CI:0.624~0.909),影像组学模型有3个正向影响特征与4个负向影响特征,其中log-sigma-5-0-mm-3D_firstorder_Maximum对模型的影响力最大,其值越大时,模型输出SHAP值越小。结论:基于对比增强CT的影像组学模型可以帮助临床医生在治疗前准确预测BC患者的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞水平,促进BC患者的个性化治疗。

CRISPR/CAS9敲除PD-1的肿瘤浸润T淋巴细胞回输对小鼠结肠癌的治疗作用

目的:探讨应用成簇规律间隔的短回文重复序列及其相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas9)技术敲除程序性死亡分子-1(PD-1)的肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)回输对结肠癌小鼠的治疗作用。方法:皮下注射CT26构建小鼠结肠癌模型,从3只模型小鼠肿瘤组织中提取TIL,并提取外周血淋巴细胞;对TIL进行PD-1基因敲除;回输实验分为对照组(Control)、输注淋巴细胞组(Lym)、输注荷瘤小鼠TIL组(TIL)、慢病毒空载对照组(pVSV-G-PX458-NC)组、PX458-PD-1-sgRNA1组(PD-1-sgRNA1),每组10只;测量各组小鼠肿瘤组织质量及肿瘤抑制率;TUNEL法检测各组小鼠肿瘤组织细胞凋亡;ELISA检测各组小鼠肿瘤组织TNF-α和IFN-γ含量;免疫组化检测肿瘤组织CD4+T、CD8+T细胞表达;免疫荧光法检测肿瘤组织细胞增殖核抗原-67(Ki-67)和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达;Western blot检测肿瘤组织PD-1及其主要配体PD-L1表达。结果:PD-1-sgRNA1能明显抑制小鼠肿瘤细胞体内生长,抑制肿瘤组织Ki-67和VEGF表达及PD-1、PD-L1表达,提高肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率、TNF-α、IFN-γ含量、CD4+T、CD8+T细胞表达(均P<0.05)。结论:CRISPR/CAS9敲除PD-1的TIL回输能明显抑制结肠癌小鼠肿瘤组织Ki-67和VEGF表达,增加CD4+T、CD8+T细胞,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,发挥抑制肿瘤生长作用。

雷帕霉素在移植物抗宿主病防治中作用的研究进展

移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)降低异基因造血干细胞移植后患者的疗效和生活质量,特别是激素耐药的GVHD,探索新的防治策略至关重要。雷帕霉素通过抑制mTOR信号通路,在急、慢性GVHD的预防和治疗中均显示出一定的临床优势。另外,雷帕霉素可以调节T细胞、B细胞、树突细胞、骨髓来源的抑制细胞等细胞亚群,阐明了其有效防控GVHD的机制。本文就mTOR抑制剂雷帕霉素防治GVHD的最新研究进展作一综述,同时就如何优化使用雷帕霉素提出新的思考。