Strategic Exploration on the Popularization of Sexual Science Knowledge among Normal Students under the Opening-Up Background

Through the development of interdisciplinary public elective courses of sexuality in the whole school, systematic education of sexology knowledge is carried out for normal students, so that normal students can understand the sexual knowledge of male and female students, such as reproductive structure, function, reproductive health care, sex and sexual psychology, so as to reduce the premarital sexual behavior of normal students, avoid premarital pregnancy, reduce the incidence of reproductive tract infection and sexually transmitted diseases, improve the ability of self-protection of normal students, cultivate good sexual psychology of normal students, and promote the physical and mental health of normal students.

SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

The Shanghai Institute of Biological Sciences(SIBS) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) was formally founded on July 3, 1999. It wasbased on eight CAS research institutes and tworesearch centers in the Shanghai area, namely, theShanghai institutes of Biochemistry, Cell Biology,Materia Medica, Physiology, Brain Research, PlantPhysiology, Entomology, and Biotechnology, aswell as the Shanghai Life Sciences Research

南京师范大学2005年-2015年科技论文产出统计与分析——基于Web of Science、ESI、InCites数据库

利用Web of Science、ESI、In Cites数据库,对南京师范大学2005年-2015年的科研产出从发文量、被引量、高被引论文、载文期刊、第一作者、通讯作者、合作地区与机构、ESI学科等多方面进行全面分析.得到下面的结论:1.我校发文量发展水平高于全球平均水平;2.篇均被引高于全球平均水平,并且2011年后有进一步提高,在2013年-2014年发表23篇高被引论文;3.按第一作者统计,我校有40人发文数大于等于10篇,有35人引文数超100次,按通讯作者统计,我校有64人发文数大于15篇,有67人被引数超100次;4.我校零引用论文有1 592篇占27.3%,被引数≤7的低引用论文有2 654篇占45.6%;5.我校有3个学科已经进入ESI学科,依次是工程学、化学、动植物学,另外数学、农业科学、材料科学、地理学、物理学等学科也有希望进入ESI 1%学科.

Beyond Logic of Discovery and Paradigmatic Consensus： A Reanalysis of the Popper-Kuhn Debate in the Philosophy of Science

There is no patina of doubt that the central philosophical theories of Karl Popper and Thomas Kuhn concerning the nature, substance and method for acquiring scientific knowledge constitute milestones in 20th century philosophy of science. Just as Popper＇s fundamental work on the subject, The Logic of Scientific Discovery, marked a decisive break with inductivist epistemologies, Kuhn＇s magnum opus, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （1962, enlarged ed. 1970）, inaugurated the coming of age of the historical turn in the philosophy of science. Some scholars seem to consider the main doctrines of both philosophers as irreconcilables or contradictories. This explains why, for example Popper and Popperians such as Imre Lakatos and John Watkins describe themselves as ＂critical rationalists＂, whereas they refer to Kuhn as an ＂irrationalist＂ or ＂relativist＂-appellations that the latter has consistently rejected. The debate between Popper and Kuhn, especially as contained in an important work, Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge （1970）, highlights some of the knotty problems connected with philosophical appraisals of science. It also demonstrates the strengths and weaknesses of logistic approaches in the philosophy of science, on the one hand, and of historically informed socio-psychological analysis of science, on the other. In this paper, we reexamine the Popper-Kuhn controversy from an experimentalist perspective. In other words, we argue that the ideas of testing and normal science can be systematically accommodated by fine-structure dissection of empirical research through which scientists learn about the world, based on the assumption that the progress of science is the growth of experimental knowledge-a fact often neglected in theory-dominated philosophies of science. Taking discovery of the cosmic background radiation by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson as example, the paper argues that important scientific discoveries have been accomplished even in the absence of theory in any obvious sense, a situation that conflicts with the theory-dominated models of Popper and Kuhn. Thus, it offers an account of how practicing scientists learn from research to control errors and avoid blind alleys. The paper affirms, in conclusion, that going beyond the theories of Popper and Kuhn requires that philosophers of science should take what scientists learn from experiments seriously when theorising about science, by taking into account normal testing or error detection and control strategies through which scientific knowledge is acquired and extended

A retrospective view on the history of natural sciences in XX-XXI

The presented paper is dedicated to a new ret-rospective view on the history of natural sci-ences in XX-XXI cc, partially including the sci-ence philosophy (mainly, the problems of the scientific realism, i.e. the correspondence of science to reality) and also a novel scheme for different classes of sciences with different ob-jects and paradigms. There are analyzed the chosen “great” and “grand” problems of phys-ics (including the comprehension of quantum mechanics, with a recently elaborated new chapter, connected with time as a quantum obs- ervable and time analysis of quantum processes) and also of natural sciences as a whole. The particular attention is paid to the interpretation questions and slightly to the aspects, inevitably connected with the world- views of the res- earchers (which do often constitute a part of the interpretation questions).

The Nature of Normal Science： Arthur Compton＇s Research Programme as an Exemplar

Thomas S. Kuhn＇s theory of normal science （NS）, aside from being a provocative philosophical reconstruction of the relatively conservative phase of scientific research, contains useful ideas for systematic analysis of specific episodes in the history of science. Therefore, although the theory has been looked at from different angles since the first edition of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （TSSR） was published in 1962, its detailed exploration of the cumulative phase of research in mature science is of abiding relevance in the philosophy of science. This is because NS provides a compelling account of how and why members of scientific communities succeed, largely, to produce reliable knowledge about an incompletely known phenomenal world. Again, the theory elucidates special features of scientific research that differentiate it from other creative enterprises. In that regard, this paper reconstructs Arthur Compton＇s research into x-ray scattering as a good instantiation of NS. Discussion of Compton＇s convincing demonstration of the particulate properties of electromagnetic radiation within the framework of NS showcases the elucidatory power of Kuhn＇s theory with respect to selected episodes in science, and corroborates the notion that the bulk of scientific work is a conservative puzzle-solving activity with the potential for precipitating scientific revolutions. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time that Compton＇s groundbreaking work on x-ray scattering has been analysed within the framework of Kuhn＇s philosophy of science.

Dissemination and Enrichment of Knowledge About Normal Birth to Bring About a Change to Society

The birth of a child is a pivotal time in the life of a mother,her family and society.The health and well-being of a mother and child at birth largely determines the future health and wellness of the entire family(World Health Organization(WHO),2005).Normal birth has enormous benefits for mothers,neonates,families,and societies.The growing supportive evidence for the promotion of normal birth certainly relies on multidisciplinary collaborations to continue spreading knowledge about the advantages of normal birth and enhancing the understanding of how knowledge about normal birth can change society.Knowledge about normal birth varies among different groups of healthcare professionals,and it would be useful to identify how it is clinically translated to become accessible to other professionals and research teams,consumers,the public,significant decision-or policy makers,the industry,funding bodies,and volunteer health teams.

Bibliometric analysis of the status and trend of biological soil crusts research from 1912 to 2023

Biological soil crusts(BSCs)play an important role in soil development and ecological function,and it is more important for quantitatively analyzing the processes and trends of BSCs to identify the advantages and disadvantages of BSCs research for the development and application of BSCs theory.Bibliometric analysis of 2,186 BSCs literatures from Web of Science showed an exponential growth trend,as China and the United States as the top 2 in terms of publication volume.High quality publications are mainly from European and American countries,such as the United States,Germany and Spain.The top 3 publishers are Journal of Arid Environments,Soil Biology&Biochemistry and Plant and Soil,and disciplines include ecology,environmental science,and soil science,etc..Research institutions mainly affiliate to the Chinese Academy of Sciences,United States Department of the Interior,United States Geological Survey,Hebrew University of Jerusalem,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas,and Universidad Rey Juan Carlos.Authors mainly come from United States,Israel,Spain and China.Funds are mainly from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Spanish Government,Chinese Academy of Sciences,and National Science Foundation of the United States.Biological soil crusts(biocrusts,cyanobacteria,lichens,moss crusts,bryophytes),drylands,climate change,photosynthesis and desert are high-frequency keywords.Future research will focus on the driving mechanisms of BSCs on global biogeochemical cycles,maintaining global biodiversity on important ecological processes,global C,N,and P cycles.The impact on biological invasion,sandstorms,and water balance,multifunctional and reciprocal mechanisms for maintaining the stability of desert and sandy ecosystems,and impact on the formulation of management policies for arid ecosystems,corresponding to global climate change,and the estimation of regional,local,and microscale distribution of BSCs based on machine deep learning modeling gradually focus on.The ecosystem service functions of BSCs,the soil and water conservation and soil stability mediated by BSCs in arid and semi-arid regions,and the excavation of stress resistant genes for BSCs will be emphasized.

A Comparative Analysis of Contemporary Methods of Final Disposition

This article illustrates the procedural specificities of the following eight contemporary methods of final disposition: (1) Natural Organic Reduction, (2) Alkaline Hydrolysis, (3) Plastination, (4) Body Farm, (5) Cryonics, (6) Memorial Reefs, (7) Organic Burial Pods, and (8) Space Funeral. After comparing the differences in the duration of body-processing time of all eight methods, Alkaline Hydrolysis was determined to take the shortest length of time to complete (6 - 8 hours), while Plastination was deemed to take the longest length of time to complete (1 year). Additionally, with regard to comparing the differences in cost to the consumer, Plastination and Body Farm were both deemed to be of the lowest cost ($0/body donation only), while Cryonics was deemed to be the most expensive ($200,000+ due to ongoing subfreezing storage and maintenance fees). Finally, after comparing the differences in each state’s set of sanctioned methods of final disposition, it was established that the seventeen states that restrict their residents’ options the most, permitting only two out of the eight contemporary options, include Alaska, Arkansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Mexico, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and that the two states that restrict their residents the least, permitting six out of the eight contemporary options include California and Florida.

基于ESI和InCites的科研评价与学科竞争力分析——以贵州师范大学为例

利用ESI和InCites数据库对贵州师范大学近10年发表的SCI/SSCI论文产出及学术影响力进行分析,通过学科准入率衡量贵州师范大学的7个优势学科进入ESI全球前1%的可能性,结果表明:贵州师范大学近10年来科研产出和学术影响力都呈现出不断上升的趋势,但与西部3所同类师范院校相比还存在较大的差距;贵州师范大学的7个优势学科进入ESI全球1%的可能性较小,优势学科与贵州省其他4所区域性高水平大学相比,除贵州大学外,具有较大的竞争优势。

基于WebofScience研究云南师范大学科研论文

基于WebofScience（WOS）检索平台，检索1990—2009年问收录的云南师范大学高层次科研论文，应用“检索结果分析功能”：从论文发表年代、类型、语种、发表期刊、被引频次、作者、合作情况及学科分布等方面进行了文献计量学分析，阐述了该校科研论文的产出情况。参考文献4。

Means, Advantages and Limits of Merging Biology with Technology

The natural world spent billions of years in solution-finding during evolution, which could benefit Technology. How do we put that in a nutshell? Biological systems are more complex than the most complex current technology. Any given function and effect are simultaneously coordinated and linked with others at many levels of biological organisation-from cell organelle to organism, to population and ecosystem. Technology does not have tools to deal with the complexity and “goal-intendedness” of living systems. But limits for interaction exist on both sides-Biological science itself is also too empirical and not mature enough to provide a solid base for correlating living with technical systems. Moving towards a synthesis, where engineers can utilize the vast amount of available biological data, we suggest using a tool called “Theory of Inventive Problem Solving” (TRIZ) and clarifying some important methodological issues, which have not previously been recognised in bionic engineering: 1) Requirement for more appropriate definitions of “system”, “effect”, “function”,“law” and “rule”. 2) Requirement for understanding or even measuring the degree of contradiction or analogy between functions in biological and artificial and/or non-living engineering system-there is no simple direct correlation between what engineers find useful and what biology does.

Translating Linear Temporal Logic Formula s into Automata

To combat the well-known state-space explosion problem in Prop ositional Linear T emp o- ral Logic （PLTL） model checking, a novel algo- rithm capable of translating PLTL formulas into Nondeterministic Automata （NA） in an efficient way is proposed. The algorithm firstly transforms PLTL formulas into their non-free forms, then it further translates the non-free formulas into their Normal Forms （NFs）, next constructs Normal Form Graphs （NFGs） for NF formulas, and it fi- nally transforms NFGs into the NA which ac- cepts both finite words and int-mite words. The experimental data show that the new algorithm re- duces the average number of nodes of target NA for a benchmark formula set and selected formulas in the literature, respectively. These results indi- cate that the PLTL model checking technique em- ploying the new algorithm generates a smaller state space in verification of concurrent systems.

基于Web of Science的河流重金属污染文献计量分析

随着工农业的发展,河流重金属污染问题越来越受到人们的重视。近年来,全球对河流重金属污染的研究力度不断增大。利用Web of Science引文数据库,对1979—2016年间收录的相关文献进行了计量分析。结果表明:河流重金属污染研究的文献量增长速度较快,西班牙、美国和法国等国的河流重金属污染研究论文综合影响力较高,中国发表论文的总量和总被引次数虽然最多,但篇平均被引次数较低。来自西班牙维尔瓦大学的Grande在该领域研究实力较强,Environmental Pollution是河流重金属污染研究领域最值得关注的期刊。研究的热点主要集中在河流沉积物,而汞、镉、铅、砷、锌、铜等是河流的主要重金属污染物,受关注度较高,同时基于生物监测的重金属污染评价也逐渐成为研究热点。

基于Web of Science数据库的果树害虫文献计量学分析

【目的】分析果树害虫国内外相关科技文献,深入了解果树害虫在全世界范围内的研究热点和趋势。【方法】利用文献计量学的方法,以Web of Science数据库为数据源,对果树害虫研究的年度和国家进行了科研合作、关键词、论文发表数量的统计分析。【结果】通过Web of Science核心合集数据库,检索出美国、中国、巴西、澳大利亚和意大利等20个国家在1995—2020年发表了8551篇果树害虫相关文献。国内外果树害虫发表文献数量最多的国家分别是美国和中国,在果树类型、虫害和虫害管理3个方面频次出现最高的分别为杧果、果蝇和生物防治。高频关键词的聚类分析发现果树害虫的研究热点与绿色可持续防控相关,尤其侧重有害生物综合治理(Integrated Pest Management,IPM)和生物防治两个方面的研究。【结论】近25年国内外对果树害虫的研究关注度除了2019年之外,整体处于上升趋势,研究内容涵盖果树害虫寄主植物、虫害种类和防控技术等方面。IPM和生物防治作为新兴的防治方法,通过利用有益生物及其产物控制有害生物种群数量,达到了避免化学农药防治害虫对果实的危害和影响,以及利于食用者身体健康的双赢效果,已经在果树虫害防治中得到了广泛的应用。

Information for Authors

The Journal of Ocean University of China(Oceanic and Coastal Sea Research)is a comprehensive academic quarterly sponsored by the Ocean University of China,published one volume per year.This journal is devoted to the publication of the theoretical and applied research results on oceanography and marine fisheries.The fields covered include the physical,chemical,biological,geological,environmental,engineering and technological aspects of these sciences.The types of papers include research papers,notes,technical reports,science and technology letters,reviews and overviews,etc.It has been indexed by SCI-E since 2012.

Circadian fluctuations in three types of sensory modules in healthy subjects

This study was designed to observe and compare the circadian fluctuations in tactile sense, joint reposition sense and two-point discrimination in healthy subjects. Twenty-one healthy adult subjects received perceptual ability tests through these three different sensory modules at approximately 9：00, 13：00 and 18：00 in a day. The distribution of ranking for perceptual ability was significantly different among the three different time points in each individual, with highest perceptual ability in the evening compared with noon and morning, in terms of tactile sense and two-point discrimination. These findings suggest that the perceptual ability of healthy subjects fluctuates according to the time points in a day.

Guidelines to Authors

The international journal Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,is devoted to publishing the latest research achievements in processes and the patterns of the Earth surface system in cold and arid regions.Research in cold regions emphasize particularly on the cold-region-characterized physical,chemical and biological processes and their interactions,and on the response of cryosphere to global change and human activities as well as their effects on environment and the acclimatizable strategies.

Mean Difference of Truncated Normal Distribution

The purpose of this paper is to broaden the knowledge of mean difference and, in particular, of an important distribution model known as truncated normal distribution, which is widely used in applied sciences and economics. In this work, we obtained the general formula of mean difference, which is not yet reported in literature, for the aforementioned distribution model and also for particular truncated cases.

基于课程思政的融合教学模式探索--以细胞生物学课程为例

立德树人是高等教育的根本任务,而将课程思政融入课堂教学是实现“三全育人”的重要途径。以杭州师范大学生物科学专业细胞生物学教学为例,构建思政视域下的课内外、校内外、线上线下资源充分混合,并将任务驱动教学、案例教学、实践教学等不同形式融合其中的教学模式。结合该校师范专业人才培养方案和教学大纲,将立德树人和“三位一体”的教育理念融入细胞生物学课重要知识点,有助于培养学生严谨科学作风和爱国情怀,与思政教育同向同行,形成协同效应。