人类卵母细胞及植入前胚胎中母性效应基因Mater mRNA的表达

目的:了解母性效应基因Mater表达与人类卵母细胞及早期胚胎发育不同阶段的关系。方法:用巢式逆转录多聚酶链式反应(single cell nested RT-PCR)方法检测人类卵子和植入前各阶段胚胎的母性效应基因Mater mRNA的表达。结果:Mater在人类卵母细胞GV、MⅠ、MⅡ都有表达,植入前胚胎1、2、4、6细胞期表达量逐渐下降,到8细胞期、囊胚、孵出囊胚期均未检测到Mater mRNA表达。结论:人类卵母细胞和植入前胚胎Mater基因的表达量随发育时间的改变而变化,对卵子生长和胚胎发育有重要意义,与母性效应基因在小鼠等其他哺乳动物中的表达模式相似。

小鼠Mater基因选择性剪接变异体的鉴定和分析

位于小鼠第 7号常染色体的Mater (Maternalantigenthatembryosrequire)编码一个卵母细胞特异的自身抗原 ,与小鼠自免疫性卵巢退化疾病密切相关。在发现Mater基因存在选择性前切现象的基础上 ,通过RT PCR技术 ,在 3个近交品系小鼠 (CBA/J、SWR/J、B6 )中发现并初步验证了Mater基因mRNA的 4种选择性剪接变异体 ,分别命名为B、E、F、G型。其中B型与以前报道的一致 ,具有MatermRNA的全部外显子 ,E、F、G为新发现的剪接变异体 ,其选择性剪接位点都位于阅读框内。E变异体缺失了外显子 6 ,F变异体保留了部分内含子 8并且缺失了外显子 10 ,G变异体缺失了部分外显子 14 ,它们所有的内含子与外显子结合处的DNA序列都遵循“GT AG”剪接规则。B、E、F在B6、CBA/J和SWR/J小鼠品系中均存在 ,G仅存在于SWR/J。根据新发现的 3种剪接变异体的cDNA序列推导出对应的预期蛋白异形体的氨基酸序列 。

Efficacy of Spinal Pia Mater Incision and Laminoplasty Combined with Internal Fixation for Old Spinal Cord Injury

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of incising spinal pia mater to relieve pressure and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation for treatment of the dated spinal cord injury. Methods From March, 2009 to July, 2010, 16 cases with chronic cervical cord injury underwent spinal dura mater incision and unilateral open-door laminoplasty with internal screw fixation. Nerve functions of preand postoperation were evaluated by Frankel classification and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale. The improvement rate of JOA score at the indicated time was recorded. Results Postoperative Frankel classification rating of 16 patients improved obviously. JOA scores at the 1st month, 3rd month, 6th month, and 12th month after surgery were 7.9±2.3, 8.5±1.6, 8.9±2.1, and 12.4±2.5, respectively, and significantly increased compared with that prior to surgery (5.5±0.6). At the end of follow-up period, JOA score was significantly higher than that of pre-treatment (P<0.05). The recovery was relatively rapid during the first 3 months following the surgery, then entered a platform period. Conclusion It is effective for patients with dated spinal cord injury to undergo spinal decompression and laminoplasty.

Evidence for novel age-dependent network structures as a putative primo vascular network in the dura mater of the rat brain

With chromium-hematoxylin staining, we found evidence for the existence of novel age-dependent network structures in the dura mater of rat brains. Under stereomicroscopy, we noticed that chromium-hematoxylin-stained threadlike structures, which were barely observable in 1-weekold rats, were networked in specific areas of the brain, for example, the lateral lobes and the cerebella, in 4-week-old rats. In 7-week-old rats, those structures were found to have become larger and better networked. With phase contrast microscopy, we found that in 1-week-old rats, chromium-hematoxylin-stained granules were scattered in the same areas of the brain in which the network structures would later be observed in the 4- and 7-week-old rats. Such age-dependent network structures were examined by using optical and transmission electron microscopy, and the following results were obtained. The scattered granules fused into networks with increasing age. Cross-sections of the age-dependent network structures demonstrated heavily-stained basophilic substructures. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the basophilic substructures to be clusters with high electron densities consisting of nanosized particles. We report these data as evidence for the existence of age-dependent network structures in the dura mater, we discuss their putative functions of age-dependent network structures beyond the general concept of the dura mater as a supporting matrix.

华南师范大学大学李伟善Adv.Mater.:从前驱体形貌转化浅淡金属基多级多孔结构的合成及应用

1引言 多级多孔结构材料因其具有如下特点被广泛地应用于能源存储与转换领域：（1）可有效地避免纳米颗粒间的团聚,降低材料界面的界面张力;（2）相较于大颗粒团聚体可提供更多的反应活性位点,减少离子的迁移距离;（3）有利于电解液的浸润,提供更多的体积膨胀缓冲空间;（4）加强光散色。

Dura Mater: Anatomy and Clinical Implication

The dura mater is of similar embryological origin to the fascial organ. It contains several fibroblasts which make the dura mater a flexible structure. Dura mater is the outermost of the three layers of meninges, a thick and rigid inelastic membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord and that is impermeable to the cerebrospinal fluid. The cranial dura mater in certain respects differs anatomically from the dura material in the spinal cord, and it is important to classify them separately. This article reviews the anatomical structure of spinal and cranial dura mater and its anatomy with muscle, fascia, bone structure and ligaments. Dura mater is a structure in the body that is connected with systemic functions.

Viscosity Dependence of Solid-State CD Peaks of Chiral Schiff Base Ni（ll） and Cu（ll） Complexes in PMMA Soft Mater Matrices

Two new chiral Schiff base acacen-derivative nickel（II） and copper（II） complexes have been prepared and characterized with IR, electronic, and CD spectra and X-ray crystallography. So-called artifact peaks of solid-state CD spectra due to restricted to rotate freely of molecules appeared at about 334 and 460 nm for nickel（II） and copper（II） complexes. Changes of intensity of the peaks have been investigated in different matrices such as solid-state （microcrystals or KBr pellets）, PMMA cast films and acetone solutions of various concentrations and pure acetone solutions. Although restricted orientation of molecules in rigid matrices leads to increase the peak intensity toward negative and positive optical rotation for nickel（II） and copper（II） complexes, respectively, the degree of increasing intensity depends on not concentration but viscosity of polymer solutions. Therefore, the artifact CD peaks of solid-state can act as an indicator of environmental viscosity of soft mater matrices.

MAGNETOSTRICTIVE MATERIAL RESEARCH

Rare earth-containing magneto-strictive material has caught theworld attention in recent yearsbecause of its amazing performan-ces:high magnetostrictive ratio,rapid response to mechanical be-havior,high rate of energy tran-sformation,etc.,which are vitalto sonar transducers,performersand brakes which,in turn,play

儿童和青少年的超重与行为问题是否有关:来自Mater大学有关妊娠及其转归研究的结果

Aims: To examine the associations between being overweight and behavioural pro blems at ages 5 and 14. Methods: Birth cohort study of 2875 individuals who were born in Brisbane between 1981 and 1984 and who were followed up at ages 5 and 1 4 years. Behavioural problems were defined as scoring above the 90th centile on Achenbach’s child behavioural checklist. Results: In cross-sectional analyses there was no association between being overweight and behavioural problems in ei ther females at age 5. At age 14 females who were overweight were more likely th an those who were normal weight to experience behavioural problems. However, the re was no association between being overweight and behavioural problems at age 1 4 among males. The prevalence of behavioural problems increased linearly across the di stribution of body mass index in females at age 14. In prospective analyses, amo ng participants who had no behavioural problems at age 5, there was no associati on between being overweight at age 5 and behavioural problems at age 14 in eithe r sex. Females who were overweight at age 5 and normal weight at age 14 had redu ced odds of behavioural problems at age 14. Conclusions: Among adolescent female s there is a positive linear association between body size and behavioural probl ems. However, no such association was found in adolescent males, or in either se x at age 5 years, and in prospective analyses being overweight at age 5 was not associated with behavioural problems in either sex at age 14.

Mater Painter undo Qamba

ＭａｔｅｒＰａｉｎｔｅｒｕｎｄｏＱａｍｂａＬＥＮＢＥＮＣＥＲＩＮＧａｎｄＥＲＭＡＯＡｎｄｏＱａｍｂａｗａｓｂｏｒｎｉｎ１９２５ｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｆａｍｉｌｙｏｆａｆａｒｍｅｒａｎｄｌｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋｂｒｅｅｄｅｒｉｎＪｉａｎｚｈａＣｏｕｎｔｙ，Ｑｉｎｇｈ...

EFFECTS OF ELECTRO ACUPUNCTURE AND TWIRLING REINFORCING-REDUCING MANIPULATIONS ON VOLUME OF MICROCIRCULATORY BLOOD FLOW IN CEREBRAL PIA MATER

Effects of electroacupuncture (EA) and routine acupuncture with twirling reinforcing and reducing manipulation of the needle (RA) both at Zusanli point (St 36) on volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater were observed by fenestration of the cranial bone and laser Doppler microcirculatory blood flow analyser. Results showed that both RA and EA could increase the volume of microcirculatory blood flow in the cerebral pia mater; and that the increase in the EA group was superior to that in RA group. This suggests that a moderate and effective stimulation is a key to the production of a regulative effect on the organism.

母性效应基因Mater、Zar1的结构与功能

研究证实,胚胎的早期发育不是由其细胞核控制,而是由储存在卵质中或由卵源基因表达的一些因子所控制,这些基因即被称作母性效应基因(maternal effect gene)。母性效应基因的基本特性有:①在原始生殖细胞和/或卵母细胞中特异表达;②其基因转录产物或编码蛋白质是在卵子发生过程中。

MATER蛋白在人类卵母细胞及着床前胚胎中的表达

目的探讨M ater在人卵发生和胚胎早期发育中的表达情况。方法收集体外受精助孕过程中未成熟的卵母细胞及不适合移植及冷冻保存的胚胎,采用免疫荧光联合激光共聚焦显微镜技术检测人类卵母细胞及着床前胚胎MATER蛋白的表达。结果16个未成熟卵母细胞15个MATER蛋白表达阳性;58个2-8细胞期人类早期胚胎中40个MATER蛋白检测阳性;5个囊胚和4个孵化出囊胚内细胞团均为阴性,滋养层细胞为弱阳性。结论MATER蛋白在人类卵母细胞中存在,并随着早期胚胎的发育其表达阳性率逐渐降低,至囊胚期只有滋养层细胞少量表达,这符合母性效应基因在哺乳动物中的表达模式。

Preliminary exploration of the development of a collagenous artificial dura mater for sustained antibiotic release

Background Intracranial infection is one of the most common complications of open craniocerebral injury and of conventional craniotomy in neurosurgery. The presence of blood-brain barrier leads to lower drug concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid than in the venous blood. Increasing the intravenous dosage or frequency carries the risk of systemic adverse reactions or infections in other parts of the body. Developing an artificial dura mater （ADM） for sustained antibiotic release for use during neurosurgery can solve the problems perfectly. Methods Three types of drug-loaded ADMs made of collagen and containing cefuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone sodium, or norvancomycin were prepared. The antibacterial activity and sustained release characteristics of the ADMs were examined using bacteriostatic and release tests. Results Single-layered collagen based ADMs （40 mm×50 mm×5 mm） containing 18 mg cefuroxime sodium or ceftriaxone sodium were not suitable for continued development because of drug preservation and stability issues. Using smaller ADMs （20 mm30 mm×7 mm）, containing 4.86 mg of norvancomycin, with increased collagen density and a three-layered film with two outer drug-free films above and below the antibiotic layer resulted in sustained cumulative release of 2.91 mg （59.9%） of norvancomycin over 72 hours. The similar factor （f2） comparison method proved that products from a same batch were statistically significant similar （f2 〉50）. Conclusions Artificial ADMs made of collagen can be processed to provide a mature dural repair material for the sustained release of norvancomycin. This system may provide a basis for developing sustained release materials for other drugs.

Electrohydrodynamic Fabrication of Triple-layered Polycaprolactone Dura Mater Substitute with Antibacterial and Enhanced Osteogenic Capability

In the field of dura mater repair,it is essential to employ artificial substitutes mimicking the multilayered microar-chitecture and multiple functions of native dura mater for effective neurosurgery.However,existing artificial dura mater substitutes commonly cause complications because of mismatched structural and mechanical properties as well as the lack of antibacterial activity or osteogenic capability.In this study,a triple-layered dura mater substi-tute was fabricated by electrohydrodynamic(EHD)jetting techniques,including electrospinning and melt-based EHD printing processes.Highly aligned polycaprolactone(PCL)nanofibers loaded with gentamicin sulfate(GS)were prepared by electrospinning to form the inner layer,which can mimic the aligned collagen fibers of the native dura mater.Random PCL-GS nanofibers were then deposited by electrospinning to form the middle layer.They were intended to enhance the mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds.The outer layer involv-ing PCL microfibers doped with nano-hydroxyapatite(nHA)at various angles was printed by the melting-based EHD method,which can enhance osteogenic capability and promote the fusion between the dura mater substi-tute and the skull.The tensile strength of the triple-layered drug-loaded biomimetic dura mater substitute was 22.42±0.89 MPa,and the elongation at break was 36.43%±2.00%.The addition of GS endowed the substitutes with an anti-infection property without influencing their cytocompatibility.Furthermore,the incorporation of nHA promoted the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells seeded on the triple-layered scaffolds.This work offers a promising strategy to manufacture multilayered dura mater substitutes with the desired antibacterial and enhanced osteogenic capability performance,possibly providing a novel candidate for dural tissue repair.

KOMATSU MATERE翻新日本国内7家工厂

KOMATSU MATERE公司翻新了日本国内包括子公司在内的7家工厂。社长池田哲夫称,'要想在世界上开展竞争,除了开发独一无二的新商品及高品质外,成本也十分重要'。在中国及东南亚劳务费用、基础设施成本上涨的情况下,认为'日本国内生产还有商机',以欧美为主体建立能在海外取胜的生产体系。社长池田称,'就任以来,把重点放在销售上,但稳固的生产体系也同样重要。采取各种措施的话,日本国内生产也能与中国、印度、越南开展竞争'。

耳内镜下鼓膜修补术后穿孔再修补的疗效分析

目的 探讨人工硬脑膜和表皮生长因子在耳内镜下鼓膜修补术后鼓膜穿孔再修补中的临床疗效。方法 选择该院耳内镜下鼓膜修补术后复查时仍有鼓膜穿孔未愈合的患者58例,随机分为A组和B组,各29例。A组采用明胶海绵修补鼓膜穿孔,B组采用人工硬脑膜和表皮生长因子修补鼓膜穿孔,每个月复查鼓膜愈合情况,3个月后复查纯间测听。结果 A组修补成功率为34.48%(10/29),B组修补成功率为75.86%(22/29),两组患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);A组气骨导差改善(7.32±2.68) dB HL,B组气骨导差改善(21.77±4.65)dB HL,两组患者比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论 人工硬脑膜是合适的鼓膜再生支架,表皮生长因子可促进鼓膜穿孔愈合,两者结合使用是鼓膜再修补的一种可行的治疗方案。

硬脑膜修复生物膜的大鼠原位脑植入局部神经毒性评价方法

目的采用大鼠原位脑植入模型评价硬脑膜修复生物膜的局部神经毒性,旨在建立脑部原位植入局部神经毒性评价方法。方法选择硬脑膜修复生物膜为研究对象,以上市同类产品为对照品,经大鼠原位脑植入,获取包含颅骨、硬脑膜、植入材料及其周围大脑组织的标本。采用苏木精-伊红(hematoxylin-eosin,HE)染色、Fluoro-Jade C(FJC)特殊染色与胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)免疫荧光考察植入物周围脑组织的局部组织学反应、神经元降解退行性变与星形胶质细胞增生来综合评价植入物的潜在神经毒性风险。结果植入4周、13周、26周后,与对照品相比,供试品的局部组织学反应均为无刺激反应;FJC染色单位面积阳性细胞数量不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),提示供试品的神经元降解程度与对照组相比不存在显著性差异;GFAP染色单位面积阳性细胞数量不存在显著性差异(P>0.05),提示供试品的星形胶质细胞增生程度与对照组相比不存在显著性差异。结论可以采用HE染色、FJC特殊染色与GFAP免疫荧光染色联合评价硬脑膜修复生物膜经大鼠原位脑植入后的局部神经毒性。

Combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer alleviates the kernel position effect in summer maize by promoting post-silking nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation

Adjusting agronomic measures to alleviate the kernel position effect in maize is important for ensuring high yields.In order to clarify whether the combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer(CAOFCF)can alleviate the kernel position effect of summer maize,field experiments were conducted during the 2019 and 2020 growing seasons,and five treatments were assessed:CF,100%chemical fertilizer;OFCF1,15%organic fertilizer+85%chemical fertilizer;OFCF2,30%organic fertilizer+70%chemical fertilizer;OFCF3,45%organic fertilizer+55%chemical fertilizer;and OFCF4,60%organic fertilizer+40%chemical fertilizer.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments significantly alleviated the kernel position effect by increasing the weight ratio of inferior kernels to superior kernels and reducing the weight gap between the superior and inferior kernels.These effects were largely due to the improved filling and starch accumulation of inferior kernels.However,there were no obvious differences in the kernel position effect among plants treated with CF,OFCF3,or OFCF4 in most cases.Leaf area indexes,post-silking photosynthetic rates,and net assimilation rates were higher in plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2 than in those treated with CF,reflecting an enhanced photosynthetic capacity and improved postsilking dry matter accumulation(DMA)in the plants treated with OFCF1 or OFCF2.Compared with the CF treatment,the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments increased post-silking N uptake by 66.3 and 75.5%,respectively,which was the major factor driving post-silking photosynthetic capacity and DMA.Moreover,the increases in root DMA and zeatin riboside content observed following the OFCF1 and OFCF2 treatments resulted in reduced root senescence,which is associated with an increased post-silking N uptake.Analyses showed that post-silking N uptake,DMA,and grain yield in summer maize were negatively correlated with the kernel position effect.In conclusion,the combined application of 15-30%organic fertilizer and 70-85%chemical fertilizer alleviated the kernel position effect in summer maize by improving post-silking N uptake and DMA.These results provide new insights into how CAOFCF can be used to improve maize productivity.

Meningioma originating from the superior petrosal vein without dural attachment:A case report

BACKGROUND Meningioma in the cerebellopontine angle(CPA)without dural attachment is extremely rare.We report a unique case of meningioma derived from the superior petrosal vein without dural attachment.CASE SUMMARY A 44-year-old right-handed woman presented with a two-month history of headache and tinnitus.Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-defined contrast-enhancing lesion in the right CPA without a dural tail sign.Tumor resection was performed using a right retro sigmoid approach.A dural attachment was not seen at the tentorium or posterior surface of the petrous pyramid.The tumor was firmly adherent to the superior petrosal vein.The origin site was cauterized and resected with the preservation of the superior petrosal vein.A diagnosis of meningothelial meningioma was made.The patient’s headache and tinnitus gradually disappeared,and a recurrence was not observed five years after the surgery.CONCLUSION The rare occurrence of meningioma without dural attachment makes it difficult to determine dural attachment before surgery.The absence of dural attachment makes it easy to completely resect such tumors.Vessels related to tumors should be removed carefully,considering the possible presence of tumor stem cells in the microvessels.