Growth Curves Analysis of Five Meat Rabbit Breeds

The growth curves of five meat rabbit breeds are fitted in form of Gompertz model.The results are shown as follows:the goodness of fit is higher than 99 50%;considering the body weight at one hundred day?the maximum weight(A)?the instantaneous relative growth rate(K)?the turning weight(W )?the turning age (t )?the early average daily gain (KW ) selection,the Checkered Giant(GG) and the New Zealand White (NN) are better than other meat breeds,the slauthter age should be at the age of 90 day.

Feeding Effect of Codariocalyx gyroides on Meat Rabbits

To explore the feeding effect of Codariocalyx gyroides on meat rabbits, 30 healthy meat rabbits at the age of 50 days were randomly divided into five groups(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ), six rabbits each group. Rabbits in experimental groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed with different quantita-tive complete formula feed and unlimited fresh grass of C. gyroides, and those in group Ⅴ(control group) were fed with complete formula feed. The indicators such as feed intake and growth performance were measured after 60 d. The results showed that the gaining effects of meat rabbits in ex-perimental groups Ⅳ and Ⅲ were most obvious, and the daily gain reached(25.75 ±3.00) and(24.50±1.95) g, 20.72% and 14.86% higher than those in control group, respectively. The conversion efficiency of dry matter in experimental group Ⅲ was the highest, and only 2.99 g of C. gyroides and compound feed dry matter was consumed for the growth of 1 g of rabbit meat, receiving significant economic benefit.

Effects of Clenbuterol,Genotype,and Feeding Method on Bodyweight Gain of Meat Rabbits

Four-factor and three-level orthogonal experimental design(L9(34))was used in the experiment.The effects of three genotypes:Germany SAB three-bred-cross rabbits(S2),New Zealand purebred(N),and crossbred rabbits(ON);three levels of Clenbuterol treatment: 1 ng.g-1,2 ng.g-1and 3 ng.g-1,and three feeding methods:5-day,7-day and 10-day withdrawal period after two weeks of feeding Clenbuterol(CL)on bodyweight gain were evaluated.CL apparently improved average daily gain(ADG)of rabbits.70-day ADG of 5-day and 10-day withdrawal were higher than that of 7-day withdrawal,70-day ADG of S2 genotype was significantly higher than that of the control and N genotype was significant.Genotype,additive dose and feeding method had significant effects on overall-stage ADG.ON genotype,2 ng.g-1 dose and 5-day withdrawal feeding method was the best.Responses of different genotype to Clenbuterol appeared different at experimental prophase or whole experimental period.

Feed weight estimation model for health monitoring of meat rabbits based on deep learning

With the development of precision livestock farming,non-contact health monitoring technology is particularly important in the breeding process.To help improve the management of the rabbit breeding industry,a remaining feed weight(RFW)estimation model was developed based on the image segmentation method.The model proposed in this study consisted of a feed instance segmentation neural network and feed weight estimation network.Feed instance segmentation neural network was based on the improved Mask Region-based Convolution Neural Network(Mask RCNN),the state-of-art image segmentation method,and the PointRend algorithm was used to replace the original network head.Through an adaptive subdivision strategy,the boundary points were segmented with fine details.Features were extracted from the segmentation results and used as the input of the feed weight estimation network based on the Back Propagation(BP)algorithm.The model was applied in rabbit breeding to explore the relationship between RFW and the mortality probability of meat rabbits.The model evaluation results showed that the Average Precision(AP)value of the feed instance segmentation neural network was 0.987,the Mean Pixel Accuracy(MPA)value was 0.985.The correlation coefficient of the feed weight estimation network was 0.97,the Mean Squared Error(MSE)was 208.3,and the Mean Absolute Error(MAE)was 10.51 g.The practical application results showed that the feed intake of the unhealthy meat rabbits would decrease significantly.When the RFW was more than 50%of feed quantity,the mortality probability of the rabbit was more than 85%;when the RFW was more than 65%of feed quantity,all the rabbits finally died in a short time.Therefore,there is a significant correlation between RFW and the mortality probability of rabbits,by which this proposed model can help farms to monitor the health of meat rabbits by predicting RFW.

Analysis and Identification of miRNA Expression in the Skeletal Muscle of Sichuan White Rabbits

[Objectives]miRNAs play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of different myoblasts.This study was conducted to elucidate the complex genetic mechanisms that affect the meat production performance of Sichuan white rabbits and reveal the regulatory role of miRNAs in their muscle growth and meat quality formation.[Methods]Three constructed skeletal muscle libraries of Sichuan white rabbits aged six months were sequenced by the solexa technology to identify known miRNAs,predict new miRNAs and construct an expression profile of muscle miRNAs.[Results]A total of 511 known miRNAs and 42 miRNAs were detected in 34089472 pure sequences,and the proportion of miRNAs with a length of 22 nt was the highest.The number of known miRNA sequences accounted for 71.38%of pure sequences,which was much higher than the proportion of other types of RNAs.The proportion of sequences from exons was 0.38%,indicating a low degree of mRNA degradation in the samples.Base U had the highest proportion at the first position,and the bases with the highest proportions at positions 8 and 10 were U and A,respectively.Muscle-specific miRNAs(miR-1,miR-133,and miR-206)ranked in the top 10 in terms of expression level.The number and expression levels of new miRNAs were lower than those of known miRNAs.The length distribution,base bias at different positions and expression profile characteristics of miRNAs might be related to the biological function of miRNAs in regulating muscle proliferation and differentiation and the action mechanisms with target genes.[Conclusions]The identification and expression of miRNAs in muscle tissues of Sichuan white rabbits will help to understand the complex molecular mechanisms of meat production performance and provide a theoretical basis for the functional research of miRNAs in meat rabbits.

Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.

Rabbit Meat——Highly Nutritious Food

Rabbits are easy to raise and have a high reproductive capacity. Rabbit meat is a digestive food and has high protein, low fat and low cholestorol. According to tests, the content of protein in rabbit meat is 28.4%, higher than beef, pork, mutton and fowls, that of fat is 8%, roughly the same as beef, and that of cholestorol is only 0.05%. Thus, the

燕麦干草饲喂肉兔的营养价值评定

本试验旨在评定燕麦干草对肉兔的营养价值,为燕麦干草在肉兔配合饲料中的应用提供营养消化参数。试验分为2部分,燕麦干草营养成分分析和饲喂肉兔的消化参数测定。燕麦干草营养成分分析选择产自甘肃省的34个批次的燕麦干草样品进行,消化试验选择上述34个批次中代表性强(营养组成与测定均值差异较小)的燕麦干草。消化试验采用全收粪法进行:选取40只平均体重为(2.2±0.2)kg的70日龄新西兰白兔,随机分成2组,每组20只(公母各占1/2),代谢笼内单笼饲养。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂试验饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%燕麦干草)。预试期10 d,正试期7 d。结果显示:1)燕麦干草总能以及干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、粗灰分、钙、磷、无氮浸出物、粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤木质素含量分别为15.33 MJ/kg、89.60%、9.71%、2.02%、12.54%、1.13%、0.21%、34.50%、30.83%、48.25%、38.87%和5.58%;肉兔对其表观消化率分别为42.51%、50.15%、56.58%、83.56%、25.12%、27.86%、20.36%、65.23%、28.87%、45.25%、30.87%和-5.86%。2)燕麦干草总氨基酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸、精氨酸、半胱氨酸、组氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸含量分别为8.67%、0.53%、0.45%、0.09%、0.49%、0.12%、0.22%、0.54%、0.09%、0.43%、0.46%和0.26%;肉兔对其表观消化率分别为58.23%、60.23%、62.52%、70.12%、68.25%、65.23%、58.23%、55.24%、62.35%、54.23%、59.68%和63.25%。综上可知,与苜蓿干草相比,燕麦干草粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量偏低,粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量较高,酸性洗涤木质素含量较低,粗灰分含量偏高,钙多磷少;肉兔对燕麦干草中各营养成分的消化率存在较大差异,其中总能、干物质、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物和限制性氨基酸消化率较高,纤维组分消化率一般,粗灰分、钙、磷和非限制性氨基酸消化率偏低。

Heterosis of Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of New Zealand White Rabbit,Fujian Yellow Rabbit and Hybrid Groups

[Objective]The aim was to evaluate heterosis of hybridization groups of New Zealand White rabbits and Fujian Yellow rabbits. [Method] Totaling 80 rabbits,including New Zealand White rabbits,Fujian Yellow rabbits,and direct-cross and reciprocal cross rabbits were measured in slaughter performance and meat quality. [Result] Live-weight,evisceration weight and semi-evisceration weight of rabbits in four groups were 1 817. 20 -2 308. 60,914. 10 -1 231. 50 and 985. 99 -1 315. 20 g,respectively. For slaughter performance,FY × NZ was the highest among male rabbits and NZ was the highest among female rabbits. In addition,shear forces of crureus and longissimusdorsi for rabbits in four groups were 25. 11 -40. 44 and 18. 02 -26. 44 N,respectively,among which male NZ was the lowest in shear force of crureus and female NZ was the lowest of longissimusdorsi. Water-loss rates of crureus and longissimusdorsi were 33. 43% -41. 52% and 31. 79% -39. 01%,among which male NZ proved the lowest in water-loss of crureus and male FY achieved the lowest level for the rate of longissimusdorsi. [Conclusion]Hybrid groups showed some heteroses in slaughter performance and meat quality.

饲粮中复合添加马齿苋、柠檬酸和葡萄糖氧化酶对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能以及免疫和抗氧化功能的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中复合添加马齿苋、柠檬酸和葡萄糖氧化酶对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能以及免疫和抗氧化功能的影响。试验选取200只健康的35日龄断奶伊拉商品肉兔(公母各占1/2),按照体重和性别随机分为4组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加3%马齿苋替换等量麸皮的饲粮,试验2组和试验3组分别饲喂在试验1组饲粮基础上添加1%柠檬酸和1%柠檬酸+200 mg/kg葡萄糖氧化酶的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验2组和试验3组肉兔终末体重显著提高(P<0.05),死亡率显著降低(P<0.05),腹泻频率有降低趋势(0.05<P<0.10);试验2组肉兔平均日增重和平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05);试验3组肉兔料重比和平均日采食量显著低于试验1组和试验2组(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,3个试验组肉兔半净膛屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),试验1组和试验2组肉兔全净膛屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,3个试验组肉兔血清免疫球蛋白G含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验1组和试验2组肉兔血清白细胞介素-1β含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2组和试验3组肉兔血清白细胞介素-6(IL⁃6)含量显著降低(P<0.05);试验3组肉兔胸腺指数显著高于试验1组(P<0.05),血清IL⁃6含量显著低于试验1组(P<0.05)。4)各组间肉兔肝脏抗氧化指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中复合添加马齿苋、柠檬酸和葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高肉兔生长性能和屠宰性能,提高机体免疫力,降低死亡率和腹泻频率。

辣椒秸秆对伊普吕肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标和免疫指标的影响

试验旨在研究辣椒秸秆对伊普吕肉兔的生长性能、血清生化指标和免疫指标的影响。选取35日龄断奶伊普吕公肉兔60只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复5只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组分别添加5%和10%辣椒秸秆。预试期5 d,正试期28 d。结果显示:试验Ⅰ组肉兔的末重显著高于对照组和试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组肉兔血清总蛋白、白蛋白显著高于对照组(P<0.05),尿素氮显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组肉兔血清免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、干扰素γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和溶菌酶水平显著高于其余两组(P<0.05)。综上,辣椒秸秆可以提高伊普吕肉兔的生长性能和免疫能力,以饲粮中添加5%辣椒秸秆效果最佳。

刺梨籽对肉兔消化代谢、血浆生化指标、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究刺梨籽对肉兔消化代谢、血浆生化指标、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。采用完全随机区组试验设计,将96只体重相近、体况良好的5周龄断奶新西兰白兔分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复2只。对照组饲喂不添加刺梨籽的基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加120、240和360 mg/kg刺梨籽的试验饲粮。饲养试验持续77 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期63 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加不同水平刺梨籽均可显著升高酸性洗涤纤维和粗脂肪表观消化率(P<0.05);添加240 mg/kg刺梨籽可显著提高干物质与氮表观消化率(P <0.05);添加120 mg/kg刺梨籽可显著提高代谢能和总能表观消化率(P<0.05)。2)饲粮中添加不同水平刺梨籽均可显著增强肉兔血浆超氧化物歧化酶活性(P<0.05),显著降低血浆葡萄糖含量(P <0.05);添加240或360 mg/kg刺梨籽可显著提升血浆总抗氧化能力和尿素氮、白蛋白含量(P<0.05);同时,添加360 mg/kg刺梨籽可显著降低血浆丙二醛含量(P<0.05)。3)饲粮中添加不同水平刺梨籽对肉兔屠宰性能和器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。4)饲粮中添加不同水平刺梨籽均可显著上调肌肉pH_(45 min)(P<0.05),添加240 mg/kg刺梨籽可显著降低肌肉pH_(24 h)(P<0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中添加240 mg/kg刺梨籽可改善肉兔对饲粮中养分的消化利用,增强血浆抗氧化能力,对屠宰性能与肉品质无不良影响。

饲粮复合添加丁酸梭菌和葡萄糖氧化酶对生长肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及盲肠微生物区系的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮复合添加丁酸梭菌和葡萄糖氧化酶对生长肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫和抗氧化功能以及盲肠微生物区系的影响。选取250只体重相近的35日龄断奶伊拉商品肉兔,随机分为5组,每组50个重复,每个重复1只兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,抗生素组饲喂在基础饲粮中添加有效含量为75 mg/kg金霉素和20 mg/kg恩拉霉素的饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加300 g/t丁酸梭菌(试验1组)、200 g/t丁酸梭菌+200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶(试验2组)和300 g/t丁酸梭菌+200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶(试验3组)的饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验2组和试验3组肉兔平均日增重(ADG)显著提高(P<0.05),料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05),且这2个组与抗生素组相比均无显著差异(P>0.05);试验2组死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且腹泻频率和死亡率与抗生素组无显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,试验2组替抗效果最好。2)各组肉兔屠宰性能和免疫器官指数均无显著差异(P>0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔血清促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)含量有降低趋势(P=0.085),血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)含量显著降低(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性显著提高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔盲肠微生物群落丰富度和进化多样性有提高的趋势(0.05<P<0.10)。6)与对照组相比,试验2组肉兔盲肠微生物特有扩增子序列变异(ASV)数提高了42.79%,2组间显著差异的标志物种可能是ASV_19729(P<0.05),属于厚壁菌门的梭菌属。综上所述,肉兔饲粮中复合添加200 g/t丁酸梭菌和200 g/t葡萄糖氧化酶能够提高其生长性能和成活率,降低机体炎症反应,增强肝脏抗氧化能力,改善盲肠微生物群落结构,替代抗生素效果较好。

棉子糖对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道形态以及血清生化和免疫指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同剂量的棉子糖对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能、肠道形态以及血清生化和免疫指标的影响。选用120只35日龄、平均体重(1.03±0.05)kg的商品伊拉兔,随机分为4组,每组30只(公母各占1/2),每只为1个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮基础上分别添加0.05%、0.10%和0.20%的棉子糖,预试期5 d,正试期42 d。结果显示:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.05%的棉子糖显著增加了肉兔的末重以及试验后期(22~42 d)与全期(1~42 d)的平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05)。2)0.05%棉子糖组肉兔的半净膛重与全净膛重较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。3)0.05%棉子糖组肉兔十二指肠、空肠以及回肠的绒毛高度/隐窝深度比值较对照组显著提高(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加0.05%或0.10%的棉子糖显著提高了肉兔血清中免疫球蛋白A与免疫球蛋白M的含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加0.05%的棉子糖可促进肠道发育,改善血清免疫指标,进而提高肉兔的生长性能和屠宰性能。

益生菌对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响

本试验旨在研究益生菌对肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益的影响。试验将160只健康无病的7周龄伊拉兔随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只(公母各一半)。4组肉兔均参考《肉兔营养需要量》(NY/T 4049-2021)配制基础日粮。其中,对照组饲喂清水,其余3组分别在清水中添加0.5、1.0、1.5 mL/kg的益生菌。预饲期1周,正试期4周。试验期间各组肉兔均自由采食、自由饮水。结果:(1)与对照组相比,1.0 mL/kg益生菌组肉兔末重显著提高4.89%(P<0.05),平均日增重显著提高8.66%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低7.98%(P<0.05);与对照组相比,0.5、1.0、1.5 mL/kg益生菌组肉兔腹泻率显著降低17.43%、52.19%、30.48%(P<0.05)。(2)与对照组相比,0.5、1.0、1.5 mL/kg益生菌组肉兔的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05);与对照组相比,1.0 mL/kg益生菌组肉兔的干物质表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05),且1.0、1.5 mL/kg益生菌组肉兔的粗纤维、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率均显著提高(P<0.05)。(3)1.0 mL/kg益生菌组的体重增加量、增重收入、毛利润均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。根据计算,各组肉兔养殖毛利润分别为4.69、5.75、6.89、5.80元/只。结论:饮水中添加适当水平的益生菌能提高肉兔生长性能、养分表观消化率及经济效益。在本试验条件下,益生菌的适宜添加水平为1.0 mL/kg。

一株米醋源植物乳杆菌发酵液对伊拉商品兔生产性能及肉品质的影响

文章旨在研究饮水中添加植物乳杆菌发酵液MC090对伊拉商品兔生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。试验选取同批次且健康度良好的32日龄兔216只,随机分为2组(对照组和试验组),每组3个重复,每个重复36只。试验组饮水中添加植物乳杆菌MC090发酵液5mL/L,分早中晚3次添加;对照组饮用自来水;试验为期23d。结果表明,(1)与对照组相比,试验组平均日增重有所增加,料肉比、死淘率均有所下降,但差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)与对照组相比,试验组空肠绒毛高度和V/C显著提高(P<0.05);(3)与对照组相比,试验组盲肠食糜pH,食糜总菌数和大肠杆菌数差异均不显著(P>0.05),乳酸杆菌数差异显著(P<0.05);(4)与对照组相比,试验组全净膛重、全净膛率、半净膛重、半净膛率,肌肉pH_(45min)、pH_(24h)、滴水损失率、L^(*)值、a^(*)值均无显著差异(P>0.05),剪切力和b^(*)值差异均显著(P<0.05)。综上所述,植物乳杆菌MC090发酵液可提升伊拉兔小肠绒毛高度,改善肠道健康度,促进兔生长,降低死淘率,降低料重比,提升生产效益。

饲粮中添加不同比例甘蔗梢对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加不同比例甘蔗梢对肉兔生长性能、血清生化指标和肉品质的影响。试验选择240只断奶新西兰白兔,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只,分别饲喂添加0(A组)、33%(B组)、66%(C组)、100%(D组)甘蔗梢等比例替代苜蓿的试验饲粮。试验期49 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期42 d。结果表明:1)与A组相比,肉兔饲粮中添加不同比例甘蔗梢对肉兔平均日采食量和成活率无显著影响(P>0.05),显著影响平均日增重和料重比(P<0.05);B组的平均日增重和料重比与A组相比差异不显著(P>0.05),但随着甘蔗梢添加比例的增加,平均日增重显著降低(P<0.05),料重比显著升高(P<0.05)。2)与A组相比,肉兔饲粮中添加不同比例甘蔗梢对肉兔血清总蛋白、白蛋白、尿素氮、总胆固醇含量及碱性磷酸酶、谷丙转氨酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05),对葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量有显著影响(P<0.05);随着甘蔗梢添加比例的增加,血清葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量显著升高(P<0.05)。3)与A组相比,肉兔饲粮中添加不同比例甘蔗梢对肉兔屠宰性能有显著影响(P<0.05),对肉兔背肌和腿肌的肌肉化学组成、肉色、pH 45 min、pH 24 h和滴水损失等肉质指标无显著影响(P>0.05);随着甘蔗梢添加比例的增加,肉兔半净膛重、全净膛重显著下降(P<0.05),但是全净膛率无显著变化(P>0.05)。综上所述,在肉兔饲粮中以33%的甘蔗梢等比例替代苜蓿对肉兔的生长性能、血清生化指标、屠宰性能以及肉品质无不良影响。

饲粮中添加活性酵母对生长肉兔生长性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加活性酵母对生长肉兔生长性能、肉品质和肠道菌群的影响。选取体重相近的健康35日龄断奶仔兔360只,随机分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只仔兔。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(不添加活性酵母),试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加500和1000 g/t的活性酵母。试验期34 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加500和1000 g/t活性酵母显著提高了生长肉兔的成活率(P<0.05),显著降低了生长肉兔的平均日采食量(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加500 g/t活性酵母显著提高了肌肉滴水损失(P<0.05),饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母显著降低了肌肉滴水损失(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母显著提高了盲肠微生物的Simpson指数(P<0.05);在门水平上,饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母提高了盲肠厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)的相对丰度;在属水平上,饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母提高了盲肠未分类鞭毛虫菌科(norank_f_Lachnospiraceae)、未分类鼠杆菌科(norank_f_Muribaculaceae)、毛螺旋菌科NK4A136群(Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group)、未分类梭状芽孢杆菌属vadinBB60群(norank_f_norank_o_Clostridia_vadinBB60_group)的相对丰度。4)属水平上组间物种差异分析显示,与对照组相比,饲粮中添加500和1000 g/t活性酵母显著降低了盲肠互养菌属(Synergistes)的相对丰度(P<0.05),饲粮中添加500 g/t活性酵母显著提高了盲肠厌氧管菌属(Anaerostipes)的相对丰度(P<0.05),饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母显著提高了盲肠芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的相对丰度(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加500和1000 g/t活性酵母能够提高生长肉兔的成活率,降低平均日采食量;饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母能降低生长肉兔肌肉滴水损失,从而改善肉质;饲粮中添加1000 g/t活性酵母能改善生长肉兔肠道菌群结构,有助于肠道健康。

微酸性电解水处理对兔肉冷藏期间品质及微生物菌群的影响

为探究微酸性电解水(slightly acidic electrolytic water,SAEW)对兔肉贮藏品质的影响,将新鲜兔肉分别使用SAEW浸泡处理5 min(SWa)、SAEW浸泡处理10 min(SWb)、无菌水浸泡处理5 min(PW)和未经浸泡处理为对照组(CK)。处理后样品使用托盘覆膜,置于4℃冷藏。每2 d检测样品的总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid,TBA)含量、pH值、色度、感官及微生物菌群结构的组成及变化。结果表明,SAEW浸泡处理兔肉在冷藏期间pH值、TVB-N值、TBA值上升速率明显低于CK组和PW组,且能够更好地保持兔肉原有色泽以及感官品质,当贮藏到第8天时,发现TVB-N值在CK组[(14.98±0.42)mg/100 g]和PW组[(14.76±0.40)mg/100 g]显著高于SWa组[(13.58±0.40)mg/100 g]和SWb组[(12.66±0.43)mg/100 g]。结合16S rDNA测序分析,SAEW可抑制兔肉冷藏期间腐败菌拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、假单胞菌属(Pseudzaomonas)的生长繁殖,有效延缓冷藏兔肉腐败变质且SAEW处理10 min减菌效果更佳。该研究结果为SAEW在兔肉贮藏保鲜中的应用提供了理论参考。

日粮添加金银花对肉兔生长性能、肠道抗氧化指标和肠道形态的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加金银花对肉兔生长性能,肠道抗氧化指标和肠道形态的影响。试验将400只30日龄断奶仔兔随机分为4组,每组10个重复,每个重复10只。试验日粮在基础日粮中添加0%、0.05%、0.10%和0.2%的金银花提取物。结果表明,日粮添加金银花对肉兔生长性能有显著影响,与对照组相比,日粮添加0.1%金银花组的肉兔终末体重显著提高5.4%(P<0.05),平均日增重显著提高6.8%(P<0.05),料重比显著降低7.2%(P<0.05);此外,日粮添加金银花对肉兔平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮添加0.1%和0.2%的金银花提取物可显著提高肉兔肠道T-SOD和T-AOC活性(P<0.05);日粮添加金银花对肉兔肠道CAT、Cu-Zn SOD和GSH-Px活性无显著影响(P>0.05)。日粮添加0.1%和0.2%的金银花提取物可显著提高肉兔十二指肠绒毛高度和V/C值(P<0.05),日粮添加0.05%和0.2%的金银花可显著提高肉兔回肠绒毛高度和V/C值(P<0.05),此外,日粮添加金银花对肉兔十二指肠隐窝深度、空肠绒毛高度、隐窝深度及V/C值和回肠隐窝深度均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,肉兔日粮金银花最适添加量为0.1%。