Cystic meconium peritonitis with jejunoileal atresia:Is it associated with unfavorable outcome?

AIM To compare the outcome between patients with jejunoileal atresia(JIA) associated with cystic meconium peritonitis(CMP) and patients with isolated JIA(JIA without CMP).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted for all neonates with JIA operated in our institute from January 2005 to January 2016.Demographics including the gestation age,sex,birth weight,age at operation,the presence of associated syndrome was recorded.Clinical outcome including the type of operation performed,operative time,the need for reoperation and mortality were studied.The demographics and the outcome between the 2 groups were compared.RESULTS During the study period,53 neonates had JIA underwent operation in our institute.Seventeen neonates(32%) were associated with CMP.There was no statistical difference on the demographics in the two groups.Patients with CMP had earlier operation than patients with isolated JIA(mean 1.4 d vs 3 d,P = 0.038).Primaryanastomosis was performed in 16 patients(94%) with CMP and 30 patients(83%) with isolated JIA(P = 0.269).Patients with CMP had longer operation(mean 190 min vs 154 min,P = 0.004).There were no statistical difference the need for reoperation(3 vs 6,P = 0.606) and mortality(2 vs 1,P = 0.269) between the two groups.CONCLUSION Primary intestinal anastomosis can be performed in94% of patients with JIA associated with CMP.Although patients with CMP had longer operative time,the mortality and reoperation rates were low and were comparable to patients with isolated JIA.

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes Following Labour at Term in Singleton Pregnancies with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid: A Prospective Cohort Study

Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is frequently encountered in obstetric practice. Literature on the subject is still poorly documented in the African setting. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in case of meconium stained amniotic fluid observed during term labour. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study enrolling all consenting pregnant women with term singleton fetus in cephalic presentation admitted for labour with ruptured fetal membranes in the maternity units of the Yaoundé Central Hospital (YCH) and the Yaoundé Gynaeco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (YGOPH) of Cameroon between December 2014 and April 2015. The exposed grouped was considered as participants having MSAF, while the non-exposed group comprised those with clear amniotic fluid (CAF). The two groups were monitored during labor using the WHO partograph, and then followed up till 72 hours after delivery. Variables studied included the colour and texture of amniotic fluid as well as maternal and fetal complications. Data was analyzed using Epi-info version 3.5.4. The chi-square and Fischer’s exact tests were appropriately used to compare the two groups. A p-value less than 5% was considered statistically significant. Results: 2376 vaginal deliveries were recorded during the study period among which MSAF was observed in 265 cases, hence a prevalence rate of MSAF of 11.15%. Among these cases of MSAF, 52.1% was thick meconium and 47.9% was light meconium. Maternal morbidity was high in the group with MSAF;these included: Higher proportions of caesarean delivery (RR = 2.35 p -4) and prolonged labor (RR = 3 p -4). In this same group, the incidences of chorioamnionitis and puerperal sepsis were low (0.94% and 0.70% respectively), although there was a three-fold higher risk that was not statistically significant (RR = 3, P = 0.31). Fetal and neonatal outcomes were poorer in the MSAF group compared to the CAF group. The complications included fetal heart rate abnormalities, low Apgar score at the 5th minute, need for neonatal resuscitation, neonatal asphyxia and neonatal infection which were significantly higher in the MSAF group (all p < 0.05). Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) was found in 2.34% of MSAF cases. Perinatal mortality was 2.34% and all cases of death occurred in the thick MSAF group. Conclusion: MSAF observed during labour is associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Its detection during labor should strongly indicate very rigorous intra partum and postpartum monitoring. This will ensure optimal management and reduction in the risks of complications.

Angiotensin Receptor Type I Blockade Inhibits Apoptosis in Meconium-Instilled Rabbit Lungs

Background and objectives: In prior studies we demonstrated that meconium-induced lung cell death by apoptosis was associated with activation of the local pulmonary renin-angiotensin system (RASL). Alveolar epithelial apoptosis requires the authocrine synthesis and proteolytic processing of angiotensinogen (AGT) to Angiotensin II (ANG II). Inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) block meconium-induced apoptosis. ANG II plays an essential role in vascular homeostasis and lung injury. The objectives of this study were to evaluate expression of AGT, ANG II and Caspase 3 in meconium and saline treated newborn lungs and to study mechanisms of its inhibition by a selective antagonist of the AT1 receptor. Methods: Two week old rabbits were studied. Three treatment groups were studied (six rabbit pups in each group): Group 1: rabbits instilled with saline;Group 2: rabbits instilled with 10% meconium;Group 3: Losartan pretreated followed by meconium-instillation. Three groups of A549 human lung epithelial cells were studies as well. Group 4: AGT pretreated and then meconium-exposed cells;Group 5: ANG II pretreated and then meconium exposed cells and Group 6: Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk pretreated and then meconium exposed cells. AGT, ANG II and Caspase 3 were evaluated and compared with and without inhibitors in meconium and control groups. Results: In Situ End Labeling (ISEL) and Caspase 3 assays showed that purified ANG II induced dose dependent apoptosis in rabbit lung lavage cells and the human A549 lung epithelial cell line. Apoptosis also was induced by purified AGT. The increase in apoptotic cells was accompanied by increases in ANG II and Caspase 3 activities. In both airway epithelium and alveolar wall cells, measures of apoptosis were attenuated by Losartan or by the Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk. Conclusions: These data demonstrate the presence of a functional ANG II and Caspase 3 dependent apoptotic pathways in newborn meconium-instilled lungs. They also imply that meconium-induced apoptosis is modulated by the pulmonary RASL system in which ANG II plays a critical role. Both losartan and the Caspase 3 inhibitor ZVAD-fmk pretreatment significantly decreased meconium-induced Caspase-3 activation and lung cell apoptosis.

IL13-induced lung fibrosis in meconium aspiration

We demonstrated previously that inflammatory cy-tokines TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and IL-8 are signifi-cantly expressed in meconium-instilled lungs. Capto-pril was a strong inhibitor of meconium-induced lung injury, inflammation and apoptosis and reduces lung alveolar and airway epithelial cell damage. Presently we demonstrate that IL-13 expression in the me-conium aspiration syndrome (MAS). IL-13 was maximally expressed 8 hrs after meconium instilla-tion. It was previously described that IL-13 plays a major role in degradation of airway epithelial cells and inducing of lung fibrosis by activating collagen production that is a major point in identification of lung fibrosis. We also showed that Captopril treat-ment significantly inhibits IL-13 expression in the lungs. We believe it reduces meconium-induced lung injury and has a therapeutic effect on histological and biochemical functions of the lungs and possibly pulmonary fibrosis. Captopril treatment significantly reduced the number of neuprophils and macrophages which express IL13 and levels of other inflammatory cytokines after meconium instillation. Selective neu-tralization of IL-13 ameliorated lung injury, airway hyper responsiveness, eosinophil recruitment and mucus overproduction.

Advanced Suction Device with Continuous Oxygen Supply for Performing Meconium Suction and Identical Procedures

Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure that provides a secure airway by passing a breathing tube through the mouth and into the lungs of a patient, and to perform meconium suction in newborns to avoid asphyxia. The ability to successfully perform meconium suction is highly dependent on operator skill and the availability of trained assistants to assist during the procedure. The immediate objective of this research paper is to present an improved device, so that the procedure can be performed at a faster pace and the need for assistants is eliminated. Experienced physicians have used the device presented in the paper on mannequin, and the operating time and ease were observed to have improved.

Frequency and Outcome of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome in Babies Born with Meconium-Stained Liquor at Secondary Care Hospital in Pakistan: A Case Series Study

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in the newborn is characterized by hypoxia, hypercapnia, and acidosis. MAS is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The primary objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAP) in babies born with meconium-stained liquor. The secondary outcome was to estimate the meconium aspiration syndrome;in terms of hospital stay, complications, and mortality. Methods: The study was done at Aga Khan Maternal and Child Care Centre, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Study design was case series and the duration of the study was of 6 months. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study after taking informed written consent. A brief history was taken, clinical examination was done and laboratory investigations were sent to the institutional laboratory. Study outcomes were measured from this data i.e. MAS, its complications, mortality, and a number of days in the hospital. Results: A total of 87 babies born with meconium-stained liquor at secondary care hospital were included. A total of 45 patients (52%) were males and 42 patients (48%) were females with a mean gestational age of babies 38.896 ± 1.210 weeks. The mean Apgar score at 5 minutes was 8.896 ± 0.404. MAS was present in 13 patients (14.9%). Complications were seen only one patient (1.1%) and there was no neonatal death reported. Discussion: MAS was present in 14.9% of babies;the complication of subacute bacterial infection was low seen in just 1.1% cases with no neonatal mortality.

Fetal Outcome and Mode of Delivery in a Patient with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid

Background: Meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), especially observed before term, is considered a sign of fetal jeopardy. Although many studies characterized this condition and associated it with delivery mode, data is lacking in this area, Saudi Arabia. Thus, we attempted to study it. Methods: All data were retrieved from pregnant patients with MSAF who delivered at King Abdul, Saudi Arabia, from January 2015 to December 2018. Results: 758 showed MSAF, of which 83% had vaginal delivery, whereas remaining 17% had an emergency caesarean section. Of them, 32 (4.2%) infants developed meconium aspiration syndrome, and 7 (21.8%) were admitted to the NICU. Conclusion: It was reconfirmed that MSAF is associated with a newborn risk, especially meconium aspiration syndrome. Patients had a higher rate for emergent caesarean section and baby admission to NICU. These data may be useful to make health/reproductive-health poly-making in this area.

Perinatal outcomes associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid in Japanese singleton pregnancies

Introduction: We examined the perinatal outcomes in Japanese singleton pregnancies associated with meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) in relation to gestational age at delivery. Methods: We reviewed the obstetric records of all Japanese singleton deliveries after 22 weeks’ gestation managed at Japanese Red Cross Katsushika Maternity Hospital between 2002 and 2008 (n = 11,249). Results: The incidence of MSAF in the whole singleton pregnancies was 13%. The incidence of MSAF at preterm, term and post-term were 9.1%, 13% and 48%, respectively. The incidence of intrauterine fetal death, low Apgar score and low umbilical artery pH at delivery in cases with MSAF were significantly higher than those without MSAF in various gestational ages at delivery. Conclusion: Obstetric management should be affected by meconium in the amniotic fluid.

ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DEATH RELATED FACTORS OF SEVERE MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME

Objective To investigate the factors in relation with the case fatality in severe meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Methods Eighty-one severe MAS cases intervened by the mechanical ventilation from 9 childrens hospitals were retrospectively analyzed for the risk factors of fatality with SAS software for non-parametric rank sum test and chi-square test. Results In the 81 cases, 49 were survived (death rate 39%). The gestational age (GA), Apgars score at 1min and other complications with MAS were significantly related to the death (P <0.05). There was no difference of death rate between the patients with or without receiving endotracheal intubation and airway suctioning (P>0.05). Conclusion A higher death rate (close to 40%) of severe MAS in the middle of 1990s in major cities of China suggests that it is important to detect the intrauterine hypoxemia as it may indicated by meconium staining amniotic fluid which should be intervened early by adequate termination of pregnancy before 42 weeks. The effects of delivery room suction and conventional ventilation also need to be reevaluated.

Scientific Evidence about the Assistance Provided to the Newborn with Meconium Elimination:Integrative Literature Review

The Meconial Aspiration Syndrome (MAS) is a complication caused by the presence of meconium amniotic fluid with consequent aspiration, being responsible for important rates of perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study aims to analyze the bibliographical production on newborn care with meconium elimination in the delivery room. It was a literature integrative review electronically based. Most of the studies referred to tracheal intubation and exogenous surfactant ministration as main care methods. The Meconium Aspiration Syndrome is presented as main theme. It is understood that health care professionals must develop knowledge, skills and actions, showing conduct based on scientific, critical and reflexive knowledge with purposeful interventions directed to the patient’s needs.

Does cesarean section prevent adverse neonatal outcomes associated with meconium amniotic fluid?

Background Making decisions regarding the mode of delivery in the cases of meconium amniotic fluid(MAF)presents a challenge for healthcare providers.We aimed to compare the neonatal outcome of MAF cases delivered via cesarean section(CS)versus those delivered vaginally to determine if CS is a protective factor against the adverse neonatal outcomes.Methods In this retrospective study,we assessed singleton pregnant mothers diagnosed with MAF who gave birth at a tertiary hospital in Bandar Abbas,Iran,between January 2020-2022.Mothers with certain adverse pregnancy conditions were excluded from the study.These conditions included:abnormal fetal heart rate and pattern,bloody amniotic fluid,malpresentation,abnormal placentation,chorioamnionitis,intrauterine growth restriction,intrauterine fetal death,obstructed labor,and maternal comorbidities.The MAF mothers were divided into two groups based on the method of delivery:those who had CS and those who had a normal vaginal delivery(NVD).Demographic factors,obstetrical factors,and neonatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results Out of 746 MAF mothers,213(28.5%)underwent CS,while 533(71.4%)had NVD.There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics.Among MAF mothers who had CS,66.2%were primiparous,and 33.8%were multiparous.For those who had NVD,35.1%were primiparous,and 64.9%were multiparous.The first and 5-min Apgar values,rates of asphyxia,neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)admission,and neonatal death were not statistically different between the two delivery modes.The rate of newborns who breastfed within the first hour did not differ depending on the mode of delivery.Although initial resuscitation steps were required more frequently in MAF mothers with NVD than in those with CS(11.1%vs.2.3%),no correlation was found between the mode of delivery and the need for resuscitation using logistic regression.Conclusions Our research findings suggest that there were no superior neonatal outcomes in terms of CS compared to NVD in MAF mothers.Further studies are needed to provide more substantial evidence to support this conclusion.

固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定胎便中14种全氟和多氟烷基化合物

全氟和多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)是一类人工合成的物质,由于其热稳定、疏水、疏油等优良性质而被广泛使用于生活和生产中.PFASs具有环境持久性、生物累积性、多种毒性等特性,且可以通过胎盘屏障进入到胎儿体内,进而对胎儿健康产生潜在危害.胎便中积累了妊娠期间暴露于胎儿的外源性化合物,可用于监测PFASs对胎儿的宫内暴露特征.本研究基于固相萃取结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱技术,建立了胎便中14种PFASs的分析方法.采用乙腈/水(9∶1,V/V)对0.2 g冻干胎便样品进行超声提取,提取液经Envi-carb和Oasis WAX小柱固相萃取,0.1%氨甲醇洗脱.以10 mmol·L^(−1)乙酸铵水溶液和乙腈作为流动相对目标化合物进行梯度洗脱,采用Acquity UPLC BEH C18色谱柱进行分离,基于多反应监测负离子模式采集,内标法定量.结果表明,在2、5、20 ng·g^(−1)的加标浓度下,14种PFASs的回收率为65%—149%,相对标准偏差为3%—22%,方法检出限(MDLs)为0.001—0.149 ng·g^(−1),方法定量限(MQLs)为0.003—0.495 ng·g^(−1).使用该方法测定了10个胎便样品,ΣPFASs浓度范围为<MDLs—2.49 ng·g^(−1).该方法操作简单、便捷、灵敏度高且定量准确,为系统性研究胎便中PFASs的赋存特征及暴露风险提供了技术基础.

注射用牛肺表面活性剂不同给药方式在新生儿胎粪吸入综合征中的应用

目的探讨注射用牛肺表面活性剂不同给药方式在新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2021年3月至2023年3月南阳市第一人民医院收治的120例MAS患儿的临床资料,根据给药方式不同分为A组和B组各60例。A组患儿采用肺泡灌洗+气管内滴入给药,B组患儿采用气管内滴入给药,连续治疗48 h。比较两组患儿的临床疗效,以及治疗前后的血气指标[氧分压(PaO_(2))、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_(2))、氧指数(OI)]、肺动脉收缩压(SPAP)、凝血纤溶指标[D-二聚体(D-D)、纤溶酶原激活抑制剂-1(PAI-1)/组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、血小板活化因子(PAF)]、炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)、白细胞介素-5(IL-5)、白细胞介素-13(IL-13)]水平,同时比较两组患者的康复相关指标和并发症发生情况。结果A组患儿的治疗总有效率为91.67%,明显高于B组的76.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,A组患儿的PaO_(2)为(60.65±6.33)mmHg,明显高于B组的(56.12±5.93)mmHg,PaCO_(2)、OI、SPAP分别为(42.36±4.02)mmHg、13.10±1.12、(26.14±2.67)mmHg,明显低于B组的(45.66±4.33)mmHg、(15.66±1.53)、(29.46±3.11)mmHg,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,A组患儿的血浆D-D、PAI-1/t-PA、PAF含量分别为(1.35±0.38)mg/L、3.52±0.78、(404.55±78.78)×10^(9)/L,明显高于B组的(1.00±0.31)mg/L、2.64±0.71、(340.59±65.33)×10^(9)/L,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,A组患儿的血清TNF-α、PCT、IL-5、IL-13含量分别为(11.11±1.01)ng/L、(0.78±0.23)ng/mL、(0.90±0.34)pg/mL、(1.15±0.66)pg/mL,明显低于B组的(13.75±1.63)ng/L、(1.46±0.34)ng/mL、(1.50±0.40)pg/mL、(1.63±0.94)pg/mL,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患儿的发绀、吸气性三凹征消失时间及氧疗时间、住院时间、机械通气时间明显短于B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);A组患者的并发症总发生率为1.67%,明显低于B组的15.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相较于气管内滴入给药,注射用牛肺表面活性剂肺泡灌洗+气管内滴入给药治疗MAS患儿的治疗效果更优,其可促进血气指标、凝血纤溶指标恢复,降低肺动脉高压,减轻机体炎性损伤,降低并发症发生率。

超声联合放射学在新生儿胎粪性腹膜炎治疗方式评估中的价值

目的:探讨超声联合放射学检查在新生儿胎粪性腹膜炎诊断及治疗方式选择中的作用。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2022年12月共83例确诊胎粪性腹膜炎的新生儿临床、超声以及放射学表现和治疗结果。将所有患儿分为手术组和非手术组,对超声和X线片出现的腹腔钙化、胎粪假性囊肿、肠梗阻、肠扭转、腹水和气腹等表现进行统计分析。结果:共83例新生儿(男48例,女35例)确诊为胎粪性腹膜炎,所有病例入院后均行超声及X线检查,其中61例(73.5%)需手术治疗,22例(26.5%)未手术,经对症保守治疗好转出院。手术组肠梗阻(超声24/61,放射32/61)、腹水(超声27/61)、肠扭转(超声13/61)3种影像表现出现比例均高于非手术组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术组气腹征象也高于非手术组,但数量较少,差异无统计学意义。手术组的弥漫性腹腔钙化、胎粪性假性囊肿占比与非手术组差异无统计学意义。结论:影像学表现中肠梗阻、腹水、肠扭转和气腹等征象高度提示需要手术治疗,仅存在腹腔多发钙化灶影像表现的新生儿可保守治疗,胎粪性假性囊肿患儿如不合并上述几种表现不需要手术治疗。

新生伊犁马马驹后肠道微生物母源传递特征的研究

本试验旨在探讨新生伊犁马马驹后肠道微生物的母源传递特征。通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序和SourceTracker分析方法,分析11对伊犁马母马的胎盘、脐带、初乳、粪便和马驹胎粪的微生物区系特征,以确定母马不同部位的微生物对新生马驹后肠道微生物区系定植的贡献。结果表明:胎盘和脐带中的微生物群结构相似,而母马粪便和马驹胎粪中则分别具有独特的微生物群。母马胎盘、脐带、初乳、粪便中的微生物都是马驹粪便中微生物的来源,贡献度由高到低依次为初乳(5.5%)、脐带(0.8%)和胎盘(0.7%);此外,马驹胎粪中还有许多未知来源且贡献度(93.0%)相对较高的微生物。由本试验结果可知,母马胎盘、脐带和初乳中的微生物可通过母源传递方式在马驹肠道中进行定植,其中初乳微生物对马驹胎粪微生物的定植贡献最大。

孕妇肠道、阴道菌群和新生儿胎粪、胎皮脂菌群的相关性研究

目的·分析母亲孕晚期肠道菌群、阴道菌群、新生儿胎粪及胎皮脂菌群的多样性及菌群构成,比较其异同及相关性。方法·前瞻性研究。招募2018年8月—11月于上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院分娩的11对母婴,采集母亲孕晚期粪便样本、阴道拭子及新生儿胎粪;招募2018年12月于上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院分娩的14名新生儿,采集额部、腋窝、腹股沟部位的胎皮脂及胎粪样本。所有孕妇均为阴道自然分娩。采用16S rRNA基因V3~V4区测序进行微生物检测,分析11对母婴中母亲的肠道菌群、阴道菌群和新生儿的胎粪菌群,以及14名新生儿的胎皮脂菌群和胎粪菌群的多样性、菌群构成,分析异同及相关性。结果·母亲肠道菌群的操作分类单元(operational taxonomic unit,OTU)数、Ace指数、Chao1指数、Shannon指数均高于阴道菌群和新生儿胎粪菌群;新生儿3个部位胎皮脂菌群的Ace指数和Chao1指数均显著高于胎粪菌群(均P<0.01)。母亲肠道菌群、阴道菌群和新生儿胎粪菌群β多样性存在差异(P<0.01);新生儿额部、腋窝和腹股沟3个部位胎皮脂菌群的β多样性相似,但与胎粪菌群存在差异(P<0.01)。在门水平上,母亲肠道菌群优势菌主要为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,52.76%)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes,41.67%),阴道菌群优势菌为厚壁菌门(74.36%)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria,21.25%),胎皮脂菌群的优势菌为厚壁菌门(84.22%)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria,8.80%),新生儿胎粪菌群在2个批次样本中优势菌均为变形菌门(分别占81.11%和88.72%)。在属水平上,母亲肠道菌群的优势菌为拟杆菌属(Bacteroides,35.42%)和栖粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium,10.12%),阴道菌群的优势菌为乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus,69.10%)和双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium,11.30%),胎皮脂菌群的优势菌为乳杆菌属(79.81%)和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas,3.23%),胎粪菌群的优势菌在2个批次样本中均为埃希菌属(Escherichia,分别占55.21%和31.18%)。结论·母亲孕晚期肠道菌群的α多样性高于阴道菌群和新生儿胎粪菌群,新生儿胎皮脂菌群α多样性高于胎粪菌群。厚壁菌门在母亲孕晚期肠道菌群、阴道菌群及新生儿胎皮脂菌群中均为优势菌,乳杆菌属在母亲阴道菌群及新生儿胎皮脂菌群中均为优势菌,胎粪菌群以变形菌门和埃希菌属较多。新生儿不同身体部位的胎皮脂菌群结构相似,但与胎粪菌群存在差异。

不同ELISA检测方法在检测出壳雏鸡禽白血病病毒感染中的应用

通过雏鸡胎粪中群特异性衣壳蛋白27(p27)抗原检测以判定禽白血病病毒(ALV)垂直传播是实施禽白血病净化的关键步骤,为对比不同ALV-p27抗原ELISA试剂盒对我国四类广泛流行的亚群ALV垂直传播的检测效果,本试验设置ALV-A、ALV-B、ALV-J和ALV-K感染组,以无菌生理盐水作为对照组,在8胚龄时以卵黄囊接种的方式感染SPF鸡胚,建立鸡胚携带ALV-A、ALV-B、ALV-J和ALV-K的垂直感染模型。采集各组雏鸡胎粪样品和血浆样品,死亡鸡胚肝脏样品,死亡雏鸡胎粪样品、血浆样品和肝脏样品,其中血浆和肝脏样品需接种鸡胚成纤维细胞系(DF-1细胞)进行病毒分离,各样品以4家公司提供的ALV-p27抗原ELISA试剂盒进行检测,并以实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)进行平行检测,比较阳性检出率和灵敏度。结果显示,4家公司的ALV-p27抗原ELISA试剂盒对于同一样品的阴阳性判定结果基本一致,但灵敏度存在差异;胎粪样品直接ELISA检测不能将ALV阳性鸡只全部检出,相对于胎粪样品,血浆和肝脏病毒分离样品ELISA检测更具有灵敏度优势。本试验所建立的对比方法不仅有助于评估4家公司ELISA试剂盒的灵敏度,还进一步评估了胎粪样品直接ELISA检测与血浆和肝脏病毒分离样品ELISA检测2种评估方法的灵敏度,为科学选择灵敏特异的ALV检测方法提供了良好评价模型。

新生儿胎粪吸入综合征预后关联因素分析及预测意义

目的:探究新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)预后结局的关联因素及预测意义。方法:回顾性分析2016年5月-2022年5月本院收治的MAS新生儿108例临床资料,根据治疗结果分为成功组与失败组并比较两组一般资料,多因素logistic回归法分析新生儿MAS预后结局的关联因素,受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析关联因素对新生儿MAS预后结局的预测价值。结果:108例MAS新生儿中,有21例院内死亡或放弃治疗(失败组),不良预后19.4%;成功组87例。多因素分析显示,窒息史(OR=1.370)、羊水污染程度高(OR=1.563)均是影响新生儿MAS预后结局的独立危险因素,补充益生菌(OR=0.700)、高动脉血氧分压(PaO_(2))/吸入氧浓度(FiO_(2))(OR=0.770)是新生儿MAS预后结局的保护因素(均P<0.05),PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)预测新生儿MAS预后的曲线下面积为0.970,价值较高。结论:窒息史、羊水污染程度、补充益生菌、PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)均与是新生儿MAS预后结局影响因素,PaO_(2)/FiO_(2)有一定预测价值,早期识别危险因素并制定干预措施对改善患儿预后有益。

初乳灌肠对极低出生体重儿胎粪排出和免疫反应的影响

目的探讨初乳灌肠对极低出生体重儿胎粪排出和免疫反应的影响。方法将128例极低出生体重儿随机分为干预组和对照组各64例。干预组采用2 mL/kg初乳灌肠;对照组采用1 mL/kg开塞露+1 mL/kg生理盐水1∶1稀释灌肠。灌肠自早产儿出生后24 h开始,至胎粪排尽时停止。结果干预组脱落10例,对照组脱落9例。干预组胎粪排尽时间和达到完全肠内营养时间显著短于对照组,体质量增长速度显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);干预组首次排出与排尽时的胎粪中的分泌型免疫球蛋A浓度、出生后第1次与第6天尿液中的分泌型免疫球蛋A浓度显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);干预组坏死性小肠结肠炎、喂养不耐受发生率显著低于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论初乳灌肠能促进极低出生体重儿胎粪排出,缩短达到完全肠内营养时间,提高体质量增长速度,提高早产儿免疫功能,降低相关并发症发生率。

布地奈德联合肺表面活性物质治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征有效性与安全性的系统评价

目的系统评价布地奈德联合肺表面活性物质(PS)治疗新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(MAS)的有效性与安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(Central)、Embase、Web of Science、SinoMed、VIP、WanFang Data和CNKI数据库,搜集关于布地奈德联合PS治疗新生儿MAS的随机对照试验(RCT),检索时限均从建库至2023年9月2日。由2位研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后,采用RevMan 5.4软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入6个RCT,包括544例患儿。Meta分析结果显示,与单用PS相比,布地奈德联合PS治疗患儿的总有效率较高[RR=1.29,95%CI(1.17,1.41),P<0.001]、住院时间较短[MD=-6.35,95%CI(-9.25,-3.46),P<0.001]、吸氧时间较短[MD=-1.61,95%CI(-2.23,-0.98),P<0.001]、呼吸机使用时间较短[MD=-26.46,95%CI(-35.98,-16.95),P<0.001],治疗后各时段患儿的血气分析指标均改善(P<0.05);布地奈德联合PS组患儿总并发症及不良反应发生率明显低于单用PS组[RR=0.35,95%CI(0.25,0.47),P<0.001]。亚组分析显示,布地奈德联合PS组患儿的持续肺动脉高压(PPHN)发生率[RR=0.38,95%CI(0.19,0.74),P=0.004]、肺出血发生率[RR=0.26,95%CI(0.10,0.69),P=0.007]均低于单用PS组;两组心力衰竭、败血症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论当前证据显示,布地奈德联合PS治疗新生儿MAS可改善患儿的症状、体征、血气分析指标,加快病情康复,缩短病程,有助于降低并发症、PPHN、肺出血的发生风险,而不会增加心力衰竭、败血症的发生风险。但受纳入研究数量的限制,上述结论尚需更多高质量、大样本的RCT予以验证。