STUDY ON THE SURFACE ELECTRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAKE GRAPHITE AND THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION MEDICAMENT

It is of important significance to make studies on the sur-face electric characteristics of flake graphite and their variation law for strengthening the floatation of flake graphite.In this paper, DPM type microelectrophoresis apparatus is used to de-termine the surface Zeta-potential of flake graphite pure mineral, study the affection of pulp pH value, seueral kinds of inorganic salt ions and anion surface activation agent (petroleum sodium sulfonate ) on flake graphite surface Zeta-potential,and explore the surface absorption charac-teristics of graphite.The floatation experiment of flake graphite pure mineral shows that both the petroleum sodium sulfonate and inorganic salt can strengthen the conventional floatation of flake graphite. The surface characteristic varia-tion caused by them is also an important factor to promote graphite floata-tion.

<i>In Vitro</i>Evaluation of the Staining Effects of Two Intracanal Medicaments over a 3-Month Period

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the tooth color alterations associated with two intracanal medicaments, calcium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide combined with aquatic solution of chlorexidine, for up to three months post-treatment. Materials & Methods: Thirty-one intact human anterior mature teeth were used. Black adhesive tape with a 4-mm diameter window was used to standardize the enamel surface intended for color analysis. After access cavity preparation, cleaning and shaping were completed with rotary nickel-titanium files. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15), each according to the intracanal medicament used: (A) calcium hydroxide paste (UltraCalTM XSTM Ultradent Products, Inc., USA);(B) 2% chlorhexidine aquatic solution combined with pure calcium hydroxide powder. In one tooth, no medicament was placed (pilot). The enamel surfaces were colormetrically evaluated at the following time intervals: before placing the medicaments, immediately after placement, after 1 week as well as after 1, 2 and 3 months post-treatment. The CIE color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were recorded for each material and the corresponding color differences (ΔΕ) were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: The most significant factor in tooth discoloration was the time intervals. The most important changes of the ΔΕ values were recorded after the 1st week and after the 3rd month. L* presented an overall increase in both groups, resulting in a higher lightness of the crown color. Only L* did show significant alterations during specific time intervals. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant relationship between the type of intracanal medicament and tooth color alteration. Time is statistically the most important factor affecting the discoloration ability of Ca(OH)2, either combined with chlorexidine or not. Consequently, the clinician should always take this into account before using such medicaments for a long-term treatment.

Study on the interaction between volatile oil components and skin lipids based on molecular docking techniques

Objective To analyze the interactions between different structural types of volatile oil compo-nents(VOCs)and skin lipid molecules;and investigate the mechanism of volatile oil in Chi-nese materia medica(VOCMM)as penetration enhancers.Methods In this study;210 different structural types of VOCs were selected from the VOCMM penetration enhancer database;and the molecular docking experiments were conducted with three main lipid molecules of skin:ceramide 2(CER2);cholesterol(CHL);and free fatty acid(FFA).Each VOC was docked individually with each lipid molecule.Cluster analysis was used to explore the relationship between the binding energy of VOCs and their molecular struc-tures.Nine specific pathogen-free(SPF)Sprague Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided in-to Control;Nootkatone;and 3-Butylidenephthalide groups for in vitro percutaneous experi-ments;with three rats in each group.The donor pool solutions were 3%gastrodin;3%gas-trodin+3%nootkatone;and 3%gastrodin+3%3-butylidenephthalide;respectively.The pen-etration enhancing effects of VOCs with higher binding energy were evaluated by comparing the 12-hour cumulative percutaneous absorption of gastrodin(Q12;µg/cm²).Results(i)Most of the VOCs were non-hydrogen bonded to the hydrophobic parts of CHL and FFA;and hydrogen bonded to the head group of CER2.Among them;sesquiterpene ox-ides showed the most pronounced binding affinity to CER2.The VOCs with 2-4 rings(in-cluding carbon rings;benzene rings;and heterocycles)demonstrated stronger binding affini-ty for three skin lipid molecules compared with the VOCs without intramolecular rings(P<0.01).(ii)According to the cluster analysis;most of the VOCs that bond well to CER2 had 2-3 intramolecular rings.The non-oxygenated VOCs were bonded to CER2 in a hydrophobic manner.The oxygenated VOCs were mostly bonded to CER2 by hydrogen bonding.(iii)The results of Franz diffusion cell experiment showed that the Q12 of Control group was 260.60±25.09µg/cm2;and the transdermal absorption of gastrodin was significantly increased in Nootkatone group(Q12=5503.00±1080.00µg/cm²;P<0.01).The transdermal absorption of gastrodin was also increased in 3-Butylidenephthalide group(Q12=495.40±56.98µg/cm²;P>0.05).(iv)The type of oxygen-containing functional groups in VOCs was also an influencing factor of binding affinity to CER2.Conclusion The interactions between different types of VOCs with different structures in the VOCMM and three skin lipid molecules in the stratum corneum were investigated at the molecular level in this paper.This research provided theoretical guidance and data support for the screening of volatile oil-based penetration enhancers;and a simple and rapid method for studying the penetration-enhancing mechanism of volatile oils.

A novel method for integrating chromatographic fingerprint analytical units of Chinese materia medica:the matching frequency statistical moment method

Objective To facilitate the quality evaluation suitable for the unique characteristics of Chinese materia medica(CMM)by developing and implementing a novel approach known as the matching frequency statistical moment(MFSM)method.Methods This study established the MFSM method.To demonstrate its effectiveness,we applied this novel approach to analyze Danxi Granules(丹膝颗粒,DXG)and its constituent herbal materials.To begin with,the ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC)was applied to obtain the chromatographic fingerprints of DXG and its constituent herbal materi-als.Next,the MFSM was leveraged to compress and integrate them into a new fingerprint with fewer analytical units.Then,we characterized the properties and variability of both the original and integrated fingerprints by calculating total quantum statistical moment(TQSM)parameters,information entropy and information amount,along with their relative standard deviation(RSD).Finally,we compared the TQSM parameters,information entropy and infor-mation amount,and their RSD between the traditional and novel fingerprints to validate the new analytical method.Results The chromatographic peaks of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were divided and integrated into peak families by the MFSM method.Before integration,the ranges of the peak number,three TQSM parameters,information entropy and information amount for each peak or peak family of UPLC fingerprints of DXG and its 12 raw herbal materials were 95.07−209.73,9390−183064μv·s,5.928−21.33 min,22.62−106.69 min^(2),4.230−6.539,and 50530−974186μv·s,respectively.After integration,the ranges of these parameters were 10.00−88.00,9390−183064μv·s,5.951−22.02 min,22.27−104.73 min^(2),2.223−5.277,and 38159−807200μv·s,respectively.Correspondingly,the RSD of all the aforementioned pa-rameters before integration were 2.12%−9.15%,6.04%−49.78%,1.15%−23.10%,3.97%−25.79%,1.49%−19.86%,and 6.64%−51.20%,respectively.However,after integration,they changed to 0.00%,6.04%−49.87%,1.73%−23.02%,3.84%−26.85%,1.17%−16.54%,and 6.40%−48.59%,respectively.The results demonstrated that in the newly integrated fingerprint,the analytical units of constituent herbal materials,information entropy and information amount were significantly reduced(P<0.05),while the TQSM parameters remained unchanged(P>0.05).Additionally,the RSD of the TQSM parameters,information entropy,and information amount didn’t show significant difference before and after integration(P>0.05),but the RSD of the number and area of the integrated analytical units significantly decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion The MFSM method could reduce the analytical units of constituent herbal mate-rials while maintain the properties and variability from their original fingerprint.Thus,it could serve as a feasible and reliable tool to reduce difficulties in analyzing multi-compo-nents within CMMs and facilitating the evaluation of their quality.

Construction of universal quantitative models for the determination of cefoperazone sodium/sulbactam sodium for injection from different manufacturers using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy

To develop near-infrared （NIR） reflectance spectroscopic methods for the quantitative analysis of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium from different manufacturers for injection powder medicaments. Various powders of cefoperazone sodium/ sulbactam sodium were directly analyzed by non-destructive NIR reflectance spectroscopy using the spectrometer EQUINOX55. Two quantitative methods via integrating sphere （IS） and fiberoptic probe （FOP） models were explored from 6 batches of commercial samples and 42 batches of laboratory samples at a content ranging from 30% to 70% for cefoperazone and 60% to 20% for sulbactam. The root mean square errors of cross validation （RMSECV） and the root mean square errors of prediction （RMSEP） of IS were 1.79% and 2.85%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 1.86% and 3.08%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium; and those of FOP were 2.93% and 2.92%, respectively, for cefoperazone sodium, and were 2.23% and 3.01%, respectively, for sulbactam sodium. Based on the ICH guidelines and Ref. 12, the quantitative models were then evaluated in terms of specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and model transferability. The non-destructive quantitative NIR methods used in this study are applicable for rapid analysis of injectable powdered drugs from different manufacturers.

药物治疗药物性鼻炎疗效观察

鼻塞是鼻病最常见的症状之一，国内基层医院医师及药店药剂师仍主要使用鼻用血管收缩剂治疗鼻塞症状。长期应用鼻用血管收缩剂可以引起反跳性鼻充血，患者为了保持鼻腔通气而增加鼻用血管收缩剂的使用次数和剂量，使症状进一步加重，导致药物性鼻炎，属于慢性鼻炎中的一种特殊类型。由于鼻用血管收缩剂能迅速、暂时解除鼻塞，再加上医师和患者使用的随意性，使得该病的发病率呈上升趋势。

中国神方丙治疗β-地中海贫血症的临床与机理研究

β-地中海贫血(以下简称β-地贫)是世界性顽症之一,它是一种遗传性贫血,其分子基础是由于β-基因缺失或功能缺乏,使β-珠蛋白链不能合成导致早期造血障碍。其治疗以输血为主,有的用5氮胞苷(Azac),阿糖胞苷(Arac)羟基脲(HU)等化疗药物治疗。刘氏曾报告马利兰虽能明显提高贫血恒河猴的r-基因表达,使HbF(抗碱血红蛋白)合成,临床上也有一定的效果,但上述这些药物均有很强的副反应。我们根据中医肾藏精生髓”的理论,采用滋补肾阴生血法。

西利宾胺预防HBVM阳性患者结核性药物肝损害的临床研究

目的 探讨西利宾胺对HBVM阳性患者的结核性药物肝损害的预防效果。方法 14 5例HBVM阳性的肺结核患者随机分观察组和对照组 ,均应用含“HR”方案抗结核化疗 ,观察组同时加用西利宾胺预防药物性肝损害。结果 药物性肝损害发生率观察组为 2 0 .3% ,对照组为 4 7.9% ,两组比较差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。抗结核化疗中断发生率观察组为 13.5 %。对照组为 35 .2 % ,差异非常显著 (P <0 .0 1)。重新调整化疗方案的发生率观察组为 8.1% ,对照组为 2 5 .4 % ,两者比较差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 西利宾胺可显著降低HBVM阳性患者的结核性药物性肝损害的发生率 。

红景天立枯病病原鉴定及其药剂防治

对吉林省和龙市红景天基地苗圃发生的立枯病症状及病原菌形态进行了观察 ,并进行了病原菌分离及致病性测定。结果表明 :红景天立枯病病原为立枯丝核菌 (RhizoctoniasolaniKuhn)。红景天苗栽培密度和田间除草状况是影响红景天立枯病发生程度的最主要因素。多菌灵、菌核净、多菌灵 +退菌特混剂以及 40 2抗菌剂等药剂对红景天立枯病的防效较高 ,是防治红景天立枯病的首选药剂。

异甘草酸镁治疗化疗药物性肝损害疗效观察

目的观察异甘草酸镁对于恶性肿瘤患者接受化疗时并发药物性肝损害的治疗作用。方法将化疗后出现药物性肝损害56例患者分为2组,治疗组(28例)予以异甘草酸镁注射液;对照组(28例)予以甘草酸二铵注射液,观察比较两组患者治疗肝损害的疗效,1次/d,连用2周。结果2周后,两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶及总胆红素较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.01),两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显效率治疗组(71.43%)明显高于对照组(42.86%)(P<0.05)。结论异甘草酸镁对恶性肿瘤患者化疗药物性肝损害有较好的治疗作用。

116例药源性肝损害分析

目的:为探讨药源性肝损害病因学近年所发生的变化.方法:对我院近5年收治的116例药源性肝损害进行总结分析.结果:发现引发肝损害的中成药占56.03%,中药汤剂占17.25%;影响生长代谢药占9.48%,中枢神经系统药占5.17%,抗结核药和免疫抑制剂分别占3.45%,消化系统药和解热镇痛剂各占1.72%,其它占1.72%.结论:提示目前中成药引发肝损害病例较前增多,对其安全性的监测要进一步加强.

复方甘草酸苷治疗化疗引起的药物性肝损害的疗效观察

目的寻找对化疗引起肝功能损害有效的治疗方法。方法将因化疗引起肝功能损害的76例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为治疗组与对照组,分别静脉滴注复方甘草酸苷注射液、还原型谷胱甘肽注射液,1次/d,连用3wk。结果治疗1、3wk后,治疗组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶、γ-谷氨酰转移酶的下降幅度均明显大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论复方甘草酸苷对化疗引起的药物性肝功能损害有较好的防治作用。

Neuroprotective Effects of Bushen Decoction Against Glutamate-Induced Neurotoxicity in PC12 Cells

Aim The enhanced effect of Bushen (Kidney-tonifying) decoction (BS) oncultured PC12 cell proliferation and its antagonistic action on neurotoxicity induced by glutamatewere investigated by serum pharmacological method of the Chinese material medica (CMM) in vitro.Methods The effect of BS on cultured PC12 cell activity and its antagonistic action on neurotoxicityinduced by glutamate was observed by MTT method. Flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopetechniques were employed to observe the antagonistic effect of BS on early period apoptosis of PC12cells induced by glutamate. Results The serum with BS was able to enhance activity of PC12 cells andexert antagonistic effect on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, these beneficial effectsproduced by BS were found to be the strongest in 20% concentration of in serum BS. Moreover, it caninhibit apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by glutamate , which occurs in the early period. ConclusionBS may exert a potential neuroprotective effect.

响应面法优化佛手总黄酮提取工艺

以乙醇溶液为提取溶剂从佛手(Citrus medica var.sarcodactylis)中提取总黄酮,在单因素试验的基础上以佛手总黄酮提取率为指标,选择提取温度、提取时间和液料比3个因素进行Box-Behnken中心组合试验,优化佛手总黄酮的提取工艺条件。结果表明,优化的提取工艺条件为体积分数60%的乙醇溶液作提取溶剂、提取温度69℃、提取时间1.9 h、液料比V乙醇:m佛手粉=32:1(mL/g)、提取2次,该条件下佛手总黄酮提取率为0.565 9%。

58例儿童药源性肾病的病因和临床表现调查分析

目的:为正确诊断和治疗药源性肾病,对58例该病患者进行了调查分析.方法:根据用药史、临床症状、尿、肾功能检验等以及停药后效应、排除原发病等作出综合诊断.结果:在引起药源性肾病的有关药物中,氨基糖戒类43.10%,头孢菌素类13.79%,解热镇痛类29.31%,横胺类8.62%,抗结核类3.45%.临床分类中单纯性血尿43例,单纯性白尿8例,血尿、蛋白尿混合性4例,急性肾功能不全3例.结论:在儿科临床使用上述药物时要注意进行尿液监测,一旦明确诊断,应立即停用有关药物.

强力镇痫丸的药物毒理研究

目的 研究强力镇痫丸的药物毒性。方法 取健康昆明种小白鼠 2 0只 ,随机分 2组各 10只 ,给药组将 1/4强力镇痫丸溶解后灌胃 [相当于生药 15g/(kg·d)、成人用量的 10 0倍 ] ,和对照组一同于给药 3 0d和 60d时采血进行血常规以及肝肾功能检查。至喂药 60d时停药 ,继续饲养 3 0d将动物断头处死 ,取心、肝、肾组织行光镜检查。结果 小白鼠连续灌胃强力镇痫丸 3 0d和 60d及停药后 3 0d ,血常规、肝肾功能各项检查指标均无明显变化 ,与对照组相应指标比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5)。动物的心、肝、肾组织经光镜检查未发现有毒性损害改变。结论 强力镇痫丸大剂量 (成人用量的 10 0倍 )、较长时间服用毒性低。

凯西莱联合天晴甘美治疗化疗后肝损害的临床疗效

目的观察凯西莱联合天晴甘美对于恶性肿瘤患者接受化疗时并发药物性肝损害的治疗作用。方法将化疗后出现药物性肝损害60例患者分为2组,治疗组(30例)予以凯西莱联合天晴甘美;对照组(30例)予以凯西莱,观察比较两组患者治疗肝损害的疗效,1次/d,连用2周。结果 2周后,两组丙氨酸氨基转移酶、天门冬酸氨基转移酶及总胆红素较治疗前均明显下降(P<0.01),两组之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),但显效率治疗组(76.7%)明显高于对照组(50%)(P=0.03)。结论凯西莱联合天晴甘美对恶性肿瘤患者化疗药物性肝损害有较好的治疗作用。

杜仲离体培养愈伤组织药物成份定性分析

本文对杜仲离体培养愈伤组织的药物成份进行了初步的定性分析,其结果和杜仲树皮的定性分析结果相一致,这表明该愈伤组织中仍保持了杜仲树体内所含有的次生物质,从而为杜仲通过细胞大量培养实现药物成份工业化生产提供了理论依据。

植物激素对灵菊七愈伤组织中黄酮含量的影响

以灵菊七(Gynura medica)无菌试管苗叶片为外植体,接种于愈伤组织诱导培养基上,诱导形成愈伤组织,并进行愈伤组织继代培养。将继代培养的愈伤组织接种于含有不同激素(浓度)组合的愈伤增殖培养基上,以硝酸铝显色法测定其中黄酮的含量。结果表明,在4种愈伤组织增殖培养基上,愈伤组织中总黄酮含量最大值分别达到0.794%、2.112%、1.652%、2.792%。培养基MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA+1.0 mg/L GA最适用于灵菊七愈伤组织中黄酮总量的积累。

职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者血清肝纤维化指标的研究

目的 研究三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者肝损害指标透明质酸 (HA)、层粘连蛋白 (LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原 (PCⅢ )、Ⅳ型胶原 (C Ⅳ )、甘胆酸 (CG)的水平 ,探讨三氯乙烯皮炎肝损害后肝纤维化指标的改变 ,为判断三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎肝损害的预后提供依据。方法 对 2 8名三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎及 16名对照组进行放射免疫法检测HA、LN、PCⅢ、C Ⅳ、CG水平 ,并对中毒组与对照组、皮炎轻重不同组进行对比分析 ,对血清肝纤维化损害指标与常规肝损害指标进行相关分析。结果 肝损害指标HA、PCⅢ、C Ⅳ、CG等在三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、总胆红素、胆汁酸等肝损害指标有良好的相关性。严重皮炎组血清肝纤维化指标值低于一般皮炎组 ,LN在三氯乙烯皮炎病例反而低于对照组。结论 HA、PCⅢ、C Ⅳ、CG检测可以作为三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者肝损害程度的评价指标。三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎患者皮肤病变的严重程度与患者肝损害后肝纤维化指标不平衡。三氯乙烯皮炎患者肝损害可引起多个肝纤维化指标明显升高。