Absence of enhancement in a lesion does not preclude primary central nervous system T-cell lymphoma:A case report

BACKGROUND Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL)is a non-Hodgkin lymphoma that originates in the central nervous system(CNS)and is exclusively limited to the CNS.Although most PCNSLs are diffuse large B-cell lymphomas,primary CNS T-cell lymphomas(PCNSTLs)are rare.PCNSTLs typically demonstrate some degree of enhancement on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).To the best of our knowledge,non-enhancing PCNSTL has not been reported previously.CASE SUMMARY A 69-year-old male presented to the neurology department with complaints of mild cognitive impairment and gradual onset of left lower leg weakness over a span of two weeks.Initial MRI showed asymmetric T2-hyperintense lesions within the brain.No enhancement was observed on the contrast-enhanced T1 image.The initial diagnosis was neuro-Behçet’s disease.Despite high-dose steroid therapy,no alterations in the lesions were identified on initial MRI.The patient’s symptoms deteriorated further.An MRI performed one month after the initial scan revealed an increased lesion extent.Subsequently,brain biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of PCNSTL.The patient underwent definitive combined chemoradiotherapy.However,the patient developed bacteremia and died of septic shock approximately three months after diagnosis.CONCLUSION The absence of enhancement in the lesion did not rule out PCNSTL.A biopsy approach is advisable for pathological confirmation.

Interstitial pneumonitis during rituximab-containing chemotherapy for primary central nervous system lymphomas: a case report and review of literature

Background: Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL) is a rare kind of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Rituximab combined with high-dose methotrexate, cytarabine and dexamethasone (R-MAD regimen) were reported effective for PCNSL patients. Rituximab can cause several side effects, including fever, chills and rigors. Case presentation: In this case report, we demonstrate rituximab-induced interstitial pneumonitis in a PCNSL patient who has been treated with R-MAD regimen. The patient recovered after treatment and she remains complete remission after following consolidation chemotherapy. Conclusions: Here is no report of potential fatal complications of Rituximab like interstitial pneumonitis nowadays in PCNSL patients. As Rituximab is widely used, physicians should raise their awareness of this rare complication and detect RTX-ILD in early stage.

Neurological complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation in children and adults

Hematopoietic cell transplantation（HCT） is widely performed for neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. HCT involves intravenous infusion of hematopoietic progenitor cells from human leukocyte antigen（HLA）-matched donor（allogeneic） or from the patient（autologous）. Before HCT, the patient is prepared with high dose chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy to destroy residual malignant cells and to reduce immunologic resistance. After HCT, chemotherapy is used to prevent graft rejection and graft versus host disease（Gv HD）. Neurological complications are related to the type of HCT, underlying disease, toxicity of the conditioning regimens, immunosuppression caused by conditioning regimens, vascular complications generated by thrombocytopenia and/or coagulopathy, Gv HD and inappropriate immune response. In this review, neurological complications are presented according to time of onset after HCT：（1） early complications（in the first month）-related to harvesting of stem cells, during conditioning（drug toxicity, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome）, related to pancytopenia,（2） intermediate phase complications（second to sixth month）-central nervous system infections caused by prolonged neutropenia and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy due to JC virus,（3） late phase complications（after sixth month）-neurological complications of Gv HD, second neoplasms and relapses of the original disease.

椎管内弥漫性黑色素细胞增生症1例

男性,22岁,因＂颈肩部疼痛、下肢乏力5月,加重伴腰背部及腹部束带感2月＂入院。患者于入院前5月无明显诱因出现颈肩部疼痛、紧束感,同时伴有下肢乏力,以右下肢为主,无畏寒、发热、盗汗、咳嗽、咳痰、咯血等不适,2月前患者自感症状明显加重,同时逐渐出现腰背部及腹部束带感,行走不稳,伴有双侧手指尖麻木。外院颈椎MR示：

中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的MRI诊断

目的:探讨中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的MRI特征。方法:回顾性分析16例经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的临床资料及MRI资料,观察肿瘤MRI上的形态学特征及信号表现。结果:16例黑色素细胞肿瘤,男10例,女6例。年龄17～55岁。肿瘤位于颈段椎管内3例,额叶3例,颞叶2例,桥脑小脑角区1例,鞍区1例,小脑半球2例,脑内及脑膜多发者3例,全脑脊膜1例。肿瘤发生于颅底脑外者占17%,发生于近颅底脑实质者占43%。MRI信号特征典型者6例,不典型者10例,其表现为短T1等T2信号、或不均匀短T1等T2信号,或因瘤体卒中而呈囊实性混杂信号,增强扫描呈不均匀强化。结论:中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤可不具典型的MRI信号特征。对于发生于颅底及颈段软脊膜的有混杂T1或T2信号的肿瘤,在鉴别诊断时应考虑到该瘤的可能。

成人神经皮肤黑变病一例临床特征分析及文献复习

目的:探讨成人神经皮肤黑变病(NCM)的临床特征、组织病理学、治疗及预后。方法:总结2021年3月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院的1例成年NCM患者的临床资料,并系统性回顾国内外文献报道的成人NCM病例,对其皮肤特征、临床表现、影像学、组织病理学、脑脊液、治疗及预后进行分析。结果:本例患者为60岁女性,临床表现为颅高压、脊髓等神经精神障碍,合并多发先天性黑色素细胞痣,MRI示沿脑沟脑回分布的FLAIR序列高信号,脑积水伴弥漫性柔脑膜强化,脑脊液发现黑色素细胞,免疫组化染色阳性,未发现中枢神经系统外肿瘤证据。英文文献中收集成年NCM患者56例,中文文献收集19例。巨大或多发黑色素细胞痣是该类型患者重要的皮肤特征,主要分布于躯干(86.0%;84.2%)。颅高压(66.7%;84.2%)、癫痫(43.1%;52.6%)是主要临床表现,可累及脊髓(17.6%;5.3%)。弥漫性脑脊膜及占位性病变是最常见的影像学特征,可合并Dandy-Walker畸形(7.5%;5.3%)。组织病理恶性比例高,总体死亡率71.4%(40/56)。结论:NCM临床特征具有年龄异质性。颅高压和癫痫及弥漫性脑膜病变和颅内占位性病变分别是成人NCM最常见的临床及影像学特征,恶性比例高,预后差。

中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的影像学分析

目的分析总结中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤的CT和MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析15例经手术病理证实的中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤患者的CT、MRI影像特点。男9例,女6例,平均年龄33岁。全部病例行MR平扫及增强扫描,5例颅内病例行CT平扫。结果颅内黑色素细胞肿瘤10例,其中单发7例,多发3例;椎管内5例,单发4例,多发1例,共6个病灶。幕上6例,幕下3例,骑跨幕上下1例。椎管内2个病灶位于颈段,2个病灶位于胸段,2个病灶位于胸腰段。颅内病灶位于脑外或邻近脑表面,椎管内1例位于髓内,其余位于髓外硬膜下。CT平扫2例为低密度,3例为高密度。MR平扫,9例为显著短T1、短T2信号,其他信号表现各异。增强扫描均为明显强化。4例脑膜广泛转移。结论中枢神经系统黑色素细胞肿瘤具有典型的影像表现,尤其是MRI信号特点具有特征性,术前可以做出准确诊断。

中枢神经系统原发性黑色素肿瘤的MRI诊断分析

目的分析、总结中枢神经系统(CNS)原发性黑色素肿瘤的MRI特征。方法回顾性分析8例经手术病理证实的CNS原发性黑色素肿瘤的MRI表现。8例均行MRI平扫和增强。结果恶性黑色素瘤6例,幕上5例,幕下1例,均为单发,其中2例侵犯邻近颅骨。黑色素细胞瘤2例,幕上单发1例,椎管内3个病灶1例。3个瘤灶呈黑色素型,5个为中间型,2个为无黑色素型。5例可见出血,无一例出现囊变或钙化,6个瘤灶出现不同程度的瘤周水肿。4个瘤灶均匀明显强化,2个呈环形强化,4个不均匀强化。结论 CNS原发性黑色素肿瘤的MRI表现具有一定特征,MRI对黑色素肿瘤具有较高的诊断价值。