基于RSM算法的烟叶含水率监测

为探讨将随机子空间RSM(Random Subspace Method)算法应用于烤烟烟叶含水率的监测中,采摘贵烟8号烟叶样本,在09:00-12:00时间段进行可见光采样,并对图像亮度进行梯度处理,以此模拟全天光线变化。采用烟叶样本实测含水率和图像RGB三阶颜色矩数据作为数据集,对样本使用RSM算法建立含水率回归模型,并与LM(Levenberg Marquardt)神经网络算法和支持向量机(Support Vector Machine,SVM)算法进行比较。结果表明,基于烟叶RGB颜色矩的RSM算法具有较好的应用效果,其回归模型决定系数R 2为0.9202,均方根误差(RMSE)为0.56%,相对分析误差(RPD)为3.5483。故基于随机子空间RSM算法的烟叶含水率回归模型具有较好的稳定性,能实现对烟叶含水率的监测。

Optimization of Preparation Conditions of Modified Oyster Shell Powder/Ce-N-TiO2 by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

A new composite photocatalyst of modified oyster shell powder/Ce-N-TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method. Based on single factor experiment, Ce doping rate, N doping rate and calcination temperature were taken as input variables. Based on the central composite design (BBD) response surface model, two functional relationship models between three independent variables and glyphosate removal rate were established to evaluate the influence degree of independent variables and interaction on catalyst. The significance of the model and regression coefficient was tested by variance analysis. The analysis of the obtained data showed that the degradation performance of the composite photocatalyst was significantly affected by the calcination temperature and the rate of N doping, while the rate of Ce doping had little effect;at the calcination temperature of 505.440°C, the degradation rate of glyphosate reached the maximum of 82.15% under the preparation conditions of 17.057 mol% N doping and 0.165 mol% Ce doping, respectively.

基于RSM法的柴油机进气系统参数优化研究

开展进气参数优化是改善柴油机“气油配合”状态,提高柴油机动力性、经济性和排放性的关键。以1台高压共轨柴油机为研究对象,结合已有实验数据搭建了柴油机GT-Power一维性能仿真模型,在最大扭矩工况点处,以进气压力、进气温度、进气门开启角、排气门开启角为变量进行单变量扫值,研究了扭矩和有效燃油消耗率随进气系统参数变化的规律。基于RSM法构建了扭矩和有效燃油消耗率的二次回归模型,得出了影响扭矩和有效燃油消耗率权重排序,开展了平衡最大扭矩和最低有效燃油消耗率的多目标优化,并得到了优化标定参数。实验结果显示:进气压力、进气温度、进气门开启角、排气门开启角分别为2.27 bar、369 K、459°CA、255°CA时,参数组合使得扭矩提升到311.08 N·m,较原机提升了6.51%;有效燃油消耗率降低到204.11 g/(kW·h),较原机降低了6.25%;最大气缸压力为154 bar,涡轮前排气温度为883 K,未超限制要求。这表明RSM法用于柴油机进气系统参数协同优化是可行的,优化后达到了相应的目标要求。

基于RSM-BBD的多源煤基固废胶结体配比及性能研究

本工作采用响应面法(RSM)Box-Behnken Design(BBD)模式对脱硫石膏、气化细渣和炉底渣等多源煤基固废进行配比优选,并研究了最优配比胶结体的力学性能、孔隙结构、热稳定性、微观结构等特性。结果表明:(1)气化细渣掺量对胶结体的1 d强度影响最大,脱硫石膏掺量对胶结体3 d和7 d强度影响最大,两种固废的交互作用对胶结体早期强度影响最显著,表现为负效应;在粉煤灰与矸石质量比为0.4∶1和质量浓度为80%的条件下,获得脱硫石膏、气化细渣和炉底渣的最优质量比为0.2∶0.1∶0.1,并分析了最优配比胶结体的压缩变形和破坏特征。(2)研究了胶结体的微观特性:胶结体内存在密集细颈型封闭孔隙,孔直径范围在5~3.7×10^(5) nm,微孔较少,以中、大孔为主;胶结体在55~65℃和90~120℃区间出现游离水和结晶水的吸热脱水反应,在600~700℃区间出现结构水、羟基水的脱除和水化产物的分解,在800℃累计失重约8%。(3)煤基固废胶结体的水化反应以水泥为主,固废之间未发生化学反应,水化产物为少量短杆状钙矾石相和薄层绒状C-S-H凝胶;钙矾石中少量Al^(3+)被Si^(4+)取代,少量SO_(4)^(2-)被CO_(3)^(2-)取代。

基于RSM和MOPSO的轴承沟道磨削工艺参数优化

探究角接触球轴承内圈沟道精磨工艺参数与加工质量的响应关系,确定最优工艺参数组,提高沟道加工质量。采用响应面法(RSM)与多目标粒子群优化(MOPSO)算法优化影响沟道加工质量的磨削深度、砂轮线速度和工件转速。首先利用RSM建立以沟道表面粗糙度和圆度误差为响应的显著不失拟模型;然后通过方差分析和响应曲面图研究工艺参数对响应的交互影响规律;最后采用MOPSO算法对模型进行多目标优化,利用K-means聚类法求解最优解集的折衷解,并进行试验验证。结果表明,磨削深度和砂轮线速度对沟道表面粗糙度和圆度误差影响极显著,工件转速对圆度误差的影响极显著,对表面粗糙度的影响显著;磨削深度与工件转速的交互作用对表面粗糙度影响显著,砂轮线速度与工件转速、磨削深度的交互作用对圆度误差影响显著。最优工艺参数组经试验验证,表面粗糙度和圆度误差较优化前分别减小了8.14%和16.03%。基于RSM和MOPSO算法结合的回归模型整体和单个变量显著,且有较高的预测精度,寻优后的工艺参数组可获得良好的优化效果。

基于决策树特征提取与RSM_LightGBM的涡扇发动机RUL预测

针对现有航空发动机剩余使用寿命预测(RUL)精度低及传感器监测参数提取困难等问题,提出了一种基于决策树特征提取与随机搜索算法优化LightGBM的航空发动机RUL预测模型。首先,对航空发动机历史监测参数进行分析,利用决策树算法计算监测参数对发动机寿命周期的重要性贡献程度,提取重要特征后对数据进行归一化处理,降低数据量纲对预测模型的影响;其次,根据航空发动机的历史衰退特征,为发动机设置阈值标签,表征发动机的性能退化特点。最后,利用随机搜索算法对LightGBM中的超参数进行寻优,获得RMSE最小值。在CMAPSS数据集上进行了实验验证。结果表明,与其他构建模型的最优值相比,所提方法在多个评价指标下具有更好的综合性能,有效提升了航空发动机RUL预测的精准度。

Optimizing Bucket Elevator Performance through a Blend of Discrete Element Method, Response Surface Methodology, and Firefly Algorithm Approaches

This research introduces a novel approach to enhancing bucket elevator design and operation through the integration of discrete element method(DEM)simulation,design of experiments(DOE),and metaheuristic optimization algorithms.Specifically,the study employs the firefly algorithm(FA),a metaheuristic optimization technique,to optimize bucket elevator parameters for maximizing transport mass and mass flow rate discharge of granular materials under specified working conditions.The experimental methodology involves several key steps:screening experiments to identify significant factors affecting bucket elevator operation,central composite design(CCD)experiments to further explore these factors,and response surface methodology(RSM)to create predictive models for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge.The FA algorithm is then applied to optimize these models,and the results are validated through simulation and empirical experiments.The study validates the optimized parameters through simulation and empirical experiments,comparing results with DEM simulation.The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of the FA algorithm in identifying optimal bucket parameters,showcasing less than 10%and 15%deviation for transport mass and mass flow rate discharge,respectively,between predicted and actual values.Overall,this research provides insights into the critical factors influencing bucket elevator operation and offers a systematic methodology for optimizing bucket parameters,contributing to more efficient material handling in various industrial applications.

Optimization of Preparation of Oregano Oil Microspheres by Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology

[Objectives]To optimize the formulation and preparation of oregano oil microspheres by Box-Behnken response surface methodology.[Methods]Chitosan was used as the carrier material to prepare oregano oil microspheres by emulsion crosslinking method.The encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and ID 50 were used as the evaluation indicators,and the comprehensive score(OD)obtained by"coefficient of variation-AHP comprehensive weighting method"was used as the final evaluation indicator.The formulation design and preparation process were optimized by single factor experiment and Box-Behnken response surface methodology,and the optimal process parameters were determined.[Results]The optimal formulation and preparation process parameters of oregano oil microspheres were as follows:the ratio of oregano oil to chitosan was 2∶1,the emulsifying speed of double emulsion was 200 r/min,the amount of emulsifier in the colostrum was 4%,and the volume of curing agent was 1.0 mL.The average encapsulation efficiency was 45.33%±1.32%,the average drug loading was 30.59%±2.45%,and the median diameter(ID 50)was 52.596μm±0.023%.[Conclusions]The encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and ID 50 of oregano oil chitosan microspheres prepared by emulsion crosslinking method met the requirements.The drug-loaded microsphere not only can be used as a preparation finished product for direct application,but also be used as a product intermediate to lay a foundation for the research and development of subsequent dosage forms.

基于CCD-RSM联用D-最优混料设计优化抗下肢静脉血栓颗粒制剂工艺的研究

目的 采用星点设计-效应面法(CCD-RSM)联用D-最优混料设计,优化抗下肢静脉血栓颗粒的制剂工艺。方法 以溶媒用量、煎煮时间为主要考察因素,以有效成分丹酚酸B和多糖含量及干膏收率的总评归一值(OD)为评价指标,采用CCD-RSM确定最佳提取工艺;以颗粒吸湿率为评价指标,结合溶化性、成型率、休止角等,利用D-最优混料设计优选最佳成型工艺。结果 最佳提取工艺:采用8倍量水提取2次,每次100 min。成型工艺为浸膏与辅料比例1:2,辅料间比例为可溶性淀粉:糊精:蔗糖=0.452:0.518:0.030。结论 优选的制剂工艺条件稳定、可行,可为抗下肢静脉血栓颗粒的生产提供依据。

A systematic scoping review of study methodology for randomized controlled trials investigating probiotics in athletic and physically active populations

Background:The purported ergogenic and health effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the lay public alike.There has also been an increased research focus within the realm of sports science and exercise medicine on the athletic gut microbiota.However,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary supplements,probiotics present unique study challenges.The objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodologies of randomized controlled trials investigating supplementation with probiotics in athletes and physically active individuals.Methods:Four databases(MEDLINE,CINAHL,Cochrane CENTRAL,and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized controlled studies involving healthy athletes or physically active individuals.An intervention with probiotics and inclusion of a control and/or placebo group were essential.Only peer-reviewed articles in English were considered,and there were no date restrictions.Results were extracted and presented in tabular form to detail study protocols,characteristics,and outcomes.Bias in randomized controlled trials was determined with the RoB 2.0 tool.Results:A total of 45 studies were included in the review,with 35 using a parallel group design and 10 using a cross-over design.Approximately half the studies used a single probiotic and the other half a multi-strain preparation.The probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)colony forming units daily,and the length of intervention was between 7 and 150 days.Fewer than half the studies directly assessed gastrointestinal symptoms,gut permeability,or the gut microbiota.The sex ratio of participants was heavily weighted toward males,and only 3 studies exclusively investigated females.Low-level adverse events were reported in only 2 studies,although the methodology of reporting varied widely.The risk of bias was generally low,although details on randomization were lacking in some studies.Conclusion:There is a substantial body of research on the effects of prob iotic supplementation in healthy athletes and physically active individuals.Considerable heterogeneity in probiotic selection and dosage as well as outcome measures has made clinical and mechanistic interpretation challenging for both health care practitioners and researchers.Attention to issues of randomization of participants,treatments and interventions,selection of outcomes,demographics,and reporting of adverse events will facilitate more trustworthy interpretation of probiotic study results and inform evidence-based guidelines.

Optimizing Biodiesel Production from Karanja and Algae Oil with Nano Catalyst:RSMand ANN Approach

This study delves into biodiesel synthesis from non-edible oils and algae oil sources using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)and an Artificial Neural Network(ANN)model to optimize biodiesel yield.Blend of C.vulgaris and Karanja oils is utilized,aiming to reduce free fatty acid content to 1%through single-step transesterification.Optimization reveals peak biodiesel yield conditions:1%catalyst quantity,91.47 min reaction time,56.86℃reaction temperature,and 8.46:1 methanol to oil molar ratio.The ANN model outperforms RSM in yield prediction accuracy.Environmental impact assessment yields an E-factor of 0.0251 at maximum yield,indicating responsible production with minimal waste.Economic analysis reveals significant cost savings:30%-50%reduction in raw material costs by using non-edible oils,10%-15%increase in production efficiency,20%reduction in catalyst costs,and 15%-20%savings in energy consumption.The optimized process reduces waste disposal costs by 10%-15%,enhancing overall economic viability.Overall,the widespread adoption of biodiesel offers economic,environmental,and social benefits to a diverse range of stakeholders,including farmers,producers,consumers,governments,environmental organizations,and the transportation industry.Collaboration among these stakeholders is essential for realizing the full potential of biodiesel as a sustainable energy solution.

Enhancing wood efficiency through comprehensive wood flow analysis:Methodology and strategic insights

Wood,an essential natural resource in human civilization,remains widely used despite advances in technology and material substitution.The surge in greenhouse gas emissions and environmental concerns accentuates the need for optimizing wood utilization.Material flow analysis is a powerful tool for tracking material flows and stocks,aiding resource management and environmental decision-making.However,the full extent of its methodological dimensions,particularly within the context of the wood supply chain,remains relatively unexplored.In this study,we delve into the existing literature on wood flow analysis,discussing its primary objectives,materials involved,temporal and spatial scales,data sources,units,and conversion factors.Additionally,data uncertainty,data reconciliation and crucial assumptions in material flow analysis are highlighted in this paper.Key findings reveal the significance of wood cascading and substitution effects by replacing non-wood materials,where they can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the natural carbon sink of forests and wood products.The immediate impact of short-term wood cascading might not be as robust as the substitution effect,with energy substitution showcasing better results than material substitution.However,it's crucial to note that these conclusions could experience significant reversal from a long-term and global perspective.Strategies for improving wood efficiency involve maximizing material use,advancing construction technologies,extending product lifespans,promoting cascade use,and optimizing energy recovery processes.The study underscores the need for standardized approaches in wood flow analysis and emphasizes the potential of wood efficiency strategies in addressing environmental challenges.

Optimization and Characterization of Cellulose Extraction from Grevillea robusta (Silky Oak) Leaves by Soda-Anthraquinone Pulping Using Response Surface Methodology

Response surface methodology (RSM) using the central composite design (CCD) was applied to examine the impact of soda-anthraquinone pulping conditions on Grevillea robusta fall leaves. The pulping factors studied were: NaOH charge 5% to 20% w/v, pulping time 30 to 180 minutes, and the anthraquinone charge 0.1 to 0.5% w/w based on the oven-dried leaves. The responses evaluated were the pulp yield, cellulose content, and the degree of delignification. Various regression models were used to evaluate the effects of varying the pulping conditions. The optimum conditions attained were;NaOH charge of 14.63%, 0.1% anthraquinone, and a pulping period of 154 minutes, corresponding to 20.68% pulp yield, 80.56% cellulose content, and 70.34% lignin removal. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), was used to determine the most important variables that improve the extraction process of cellulose. The experiment outcomes matched those predicted by the model (Predicted R2 = 0.9980, Adjusted R2 = 0.9994), demonstrating the adequacy of the model used. FTIR analysis confirmed the elimination of the non-cellulosic fiber constituents. The lignin and hemicellulose-related bands (around 1514 cm−1, 1604 cm−1, 1239 cm−1, and 1734 cm−1) decreased with chemical treatment, indicating effective cellulose extraction by the soda-anthraquinone method. Similar results were obtained by XRD, SEM and thermogravimetric analysis of the extracted cellulose. Therefore, Grevillea robusta fall leaves are suitable renewable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly non-wood biomass for cellulose extraction.

Research on the development methodology for clinical practice guidelines for organic integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine

Integrated traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and Western medicine(WM)is a new medical science grounded in the knowledge bases of both TCM and WM,which then forms a unique modern medical system in China.Integrated TCM and WM has a long history in China,and has made important achievements in the process of clinical diagnosis and treatment.However,the methodological defects in currently published clinical practice guidelines(CPGs)limit its development.The organic integration of TCM and WM is a deeper integration of TCM and WM.To realize the progression of"integration"to"organic integration",a targeted and standardized guideline development methodology is needed.Therefore,the purpose of this study is to establish a standardized development procedure for clinical practice guidelines for the organic integration of TCM and WM to promote the systematic integration of TCM and WM research results into clinical practice guidelines in order to achieve optimal results as the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

The Influence of Tartaric Acid in the Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Response Surface Methodology

Silver nanoparticles(AgNPs)synthesized using tartaric acid as a capping agent have a great impact on the reaction kinetics and contribute significantly to the stability of AgNPs.The protective layer formed by tartaric acid is an important factor that protects the silver surface and reduces potential cytotoxicity problems.These attributes are critical for assessing the compatibility of AgNPs with biological systems and making them suitable for drug delivery applications.The aim of this research is to conduct a comprehensive study of the effect of tartaric acid concentration,sonication time and temperature on the formation of silver nanoparticles.Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)with Face-Centered Central Composite Design(FCCD),the optimization process identifies the most favorable synthesis conditions.UV-Vis spectrum regression analysis shows that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid are more stable than AgNPs without tartaric acid.This highlights the increased stability that tartaric acid provides in AgNP ssssynthesis.Particle size distribution analysis showed a multimodal distribution for AgNPs with tartaric acid and showed the smallest size peak with an average size of 20.53 nm.The second peak with increasing intensity shows a dominant average size of 108.8 nm accompanied by one standard deviation of 4.225 nm and a zeta potential of−11.08 mV.In contrast,AgNPs synthesized with polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)showed a unimodal particle distribution with an average particle size of 81.62 nm and a zeta potential of−2.96 mV.The more negative zeta potential of AgNP-tartaric acid indicates its increased stability.Evaluation of antibacterial activity showed that AgNPs stabilized with tartaric acid showed better performance against E.coli and B.subtilis bacteria compared with AgNPs-PVP.In summary,this study highlights the potential of tartaric acid in AgNP synthesis and suggests an avenue for the development of stable AgNPs with versatile applications.

How to use the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)data:research design and methodology

In the United States(US),the Surveillance,Epidemiology,and End Results(SEER)program is the only comprehensive source of population-based information that includes stage of cancer at the time of diagnosis and patient survival data.This program aims to provide a database about cancer incidence and survival for studies of surveillance and the development of analytical and methodological tools in the cancer field.Currently,the SEER program covers approximately half of the total cancer patients in the US.A growing number of clinical studies have applied the SEER database in various aspects.However,the intrinsic features of the SEER database,such as the huge data volume and complexity of data types,have hindered its application.In this review,we provided a systematic overview of the commonly used methodologies and study designs for retrospective epidemiological research in order to illustrate the application of the SEER database.Therefore,the goal of this review is to assist researchers in the selection of appropriate methods and study designs for enhancing the robustness and reliability of clinical studies by mining the SEER database.

Slip Effects on Casson Nanofluid over a Stretching Sheet with Activation Energy:RSM Analysis

The current study is dedicated to presenting the Casson nanofluid over a stretching surface with activation energy.In order to make the problem more realistic,we employed magnetic field and slip effects on fluid flow.The governing partial differential equations(PDEs)were converted to ordinary differential equations(ODEs)by similarity variables and then solved numerically.The MATLAB built-in command‘bvp4c’is utilized to solve the system of ODEs.Central composite factorial design based response surface methodology(RSM)is also employed for optimization.For this,quadratic regression is used for data analysis.The results are concluded bymeans of tables and pictorial representations.The present study discloses that the temperature profile increases with enhancement in Ha,Nr,Nb,and Nt and it shows opposite behavior forλ.The included parameters show same trend for heat transfer rate(Nux).It is also concluded thatδshould bemaximum for any value ofNb and Nt to maximize the heat transfer rate.

基于RSM方法优化诱导结晶除氟研究

为了考察氟磷酸钙诱导结晶除氟效果,利用Box-Behnken design(BBD)设计氟磷酸钙诱导结晶除氟实验,建立了以氟离子去除率为响应值的二次回归模型并通过方差分析(ANOVA)比较了n(Ca)/n(F)、n(P)/n(F)、晶种投加量3个参数对氟离子去除率影响的显著性。通过RSM优化氟磷酸钙诱导结晶除氟工艺参数,并通过最优工艺条件下实验结果对模型进行了验证。RSM优化的最佳条件:n(Ca)/n(F)=15、n(P)/n(F)=8.918、晶种投加量9.208 g/L,理论最佳除氟率为97.26%,最佳条件下实际除氟率为95.07%,相对误差为2.3%。SEM结果表明晶种反应前后的表面形貌变化极大,从规则的结晶颗粒变为球型簇状结晶。XRD表征发现通过诱导结晶产生了CaF_(2)、Ca_(10)(PO_(4))_(6)(OH)_(2)、Ca_(10)(PO_(4))_(6)F_(2)、Ca HPO_(4)等晶体,表明氟磷酸钙诱导结晶除氟有多种结晶反应路径。

RSM优化焚烧底灰胶凝材料及安全性评价

为了将生活垃圾焚烧底灰(MSWI-BA)进行资源化利用,基于响应面中心复合试验法(RSM-CCD)研究了不同活性激发方式对经过预处理的MSWI-BA水泥胶砂试块28 d抗压强度的影响.结果表明:活性激发MSWI-BA胶凝材料具有较好的胶凝活性;采用RSM-CCD得到,掺10%MSWI-BA水泥胶砂试块在最佳试验条件下的28 d抗压强度计算值为46.04 MPa,实测值为46.15 MPa,二者符合较好,为MSWI-BA的资源化利用提供了一种解决方法;MSWI-BA胶凝材料的安全性较好,重金属浸出性能满足GB 30760—2014《水泥窑协同处置固体废物技术规范》的要求.

Optimization of Methylene Blue Dye Adsorption onto Coconut Husk Cellulose Using Response Surface Methodology: Adsorption Kinetics, Isotherms and Reusability Studies

In this study, coconut husk cellulose was employed as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly adsorbent to eliminate methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. The successful development of response surface methodology paired with a central composite design (RSM-CCD) enabled the optimization and modelling of the adsorption process. The study investigated the individual and combined effects of three variables (pH, contact time, and initial MB dye concentration) on the adsorption of MB dye onto coconut husk cellulose. The developed RSM-CCD model exhibited a remarkable degree of precision in predicting the removal efficiency of MB dye within the specified experimental parameters. This was demonstrated by the strong regression parameters, with an R2 value of 99.79% and an adjusted R2 value of 99.6%. The study depicted that the optimal parameters for attaining a 98.8827% removal of MB dye using coconut husk cellulose were as follows: an initial MB dye concentration of 30 mg∙L−1, contact time of 120 minutes, and pH 7 at a fixed adsorbent dose of 0.5 g. The Freundlich isotherm model provided the most satisfactory description of the equilibrium adsorption isotherms, suggesting that MB dye adsorption onto coconut husk cellulose occurs on a heterogeneous surface. The experimental results demonstrated a strong agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, indicating that the number of active sites present on the cellulose adsorbent predominantly influences the adsorption process of MB dye. Additionally, the adsorbent made from coconut husk cellulose exhibited the potential to be reused, as it retained its efficiency for a maximum of three cycles of adsorption of MB dye. The results of this study show that coconut husk cellulose has the potential to be an effective and sustainable adsorbent for removing MB dye from aqueous solutions.