Study on Control Scheme for Nonpoint Source Pollution in Dahe Reservoir Water Source Protection Area of Dianchi Lake Basin

[ Objective] The research aimed to study control scheme for nonpoint source pollution in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Dianchi Lake basin.[ Method] On the basis of the SPOT5 satellite remote sensing imagery in 2010 and field investigation of GPS record, ecological design for nonpoint source pollution control in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Dianchi Lake basin was conducted. Then, the effects of optimization measures were evaluated by the reductions of N and P outputs on different land-use types. E Resultl Control functions of the water source protection area on soil erosion and the emissions of N, P and other pollutants would be promoted after optimization. The optimization meas- ures had a significant effect for prevention and control of the non-point source pollution in the water source protection area. [ Conclusion] The re- search provided scientific basis for promoting ecological construction of the small green basin in Dahe Reservoir water source protection area of Di- anchi Lake basin.

Legislation on protection of drinking water sources and local management practices in the Pearl River Delta region of China

The protection of drinking water sources is vital to urban development and public health.In this study,the current situation of the mandatory protection area for drinking water source in the Pearl River Delta region was investigated using a method combining Google Earth with the field survey.The gaps between management practices and legislation requirements were analyzed.Finally,several countermeasures for water resource protection were proposed as follows:to promote delineation in a more scientific way,to safeguard the sanctity of the law,to make better plan on water saving,and to encourage public participation in supervision and management.

Protection Planning for Rural Centralized Drinking Water Source Areas in Chongqing

Protection planning is made for rural centralized drinking water source areas according to current situations of rural drinking water and existing problems of centralized drinking water source areas in Chongqing,and in combination with survey,analysis and evaluation of urban-rural drinking water source areas in whole city.There are engineering measures and non-engineering measures,to guarantee drinking water security of rural residents,improve rural ecological environment,realize sustainable use of water resource,and promote sustainable development of society.Engineering measures include conservation and protection of water resource,ecological restoration,isolation,and comprehensive control of pointsource and area-source pollution.Non-engineering measures include construction of monitoring system for drinking water source area,construction of security information system for rural centralized drinking water source area,and construction of emergency mechanism for water pollution accidents in rural water source areas.

Analysis of travel time, sources of water and well protection zones with groundwater models

This study compares numerical models with analytical solutions in computing travel times and radius of protection zones for a pumping well located in an unconfined aquifer with uniform recharge and in a semi-confined aquifer. Numerical models were capable of delineating protection zones using particle tracking method in both cases. However, protection zones defined by travel time criterion can only protect small percent of source water to the well; large percent of source water is not protected which may pose a risk of pollution of source water to the well. The case study of Leggeloo well field in the Netherlands indicates that although a well field protection area was enforced in 1980 s, elevated nitrate concentration has been monitored in the abstracted water since 1990 s. The analysis of protection areas shows that the current protection area only protects 37.4% of recharge water to the well field. A large protection area must be adopted in order to safeguard the sustainable water supply for the local community.

The status and protection of the ecological environment in Heihe River water source district

This article discusses the status of the ecological environment in Heihe River water source district, and points out that the decline of the forest coverage, the degradation of the pasture and the shrinking back of the glacier, the increased soil erosion and other phenomena are the main ecological and environmental problems in this area. The main reason is the natural and man-made results. This article proposes the specific measures to protect the ecological environment in Heihe River water source district.

Design Strategy of Emergency Pools at Source Water Protection Areas

The pollution problem arising from the flushing of initial rainwater and wastewater from accidents while transporting dangerous goods to source water protection areas needs to be solved as soon as possible.Therefore,the design of corresponding environmental protection measures should be considered in the engineering design stage.It is necessary to analyze the specific work in combination with engineering examples.Under this background,this paper first briefly expounds the precautions in accident risk analysis and the design of tank capacity and tank body.Finally,by analyzing actual cases,this paper systematically studies the design strategy of emergency pool in source water protection area,hoping to provide new development ideas for the upgrading of relevant work.

Statistical evaluation of fluoride contamination in groundwater resources of Santiago del Estero Province, Argentina

This study investigates the suitability of statistical techniques for evaluating the fluoride content and the groundwater quality from Robles Department(RD)and Banda Department(BD)in Santiago del Estero(Argentina).For the original statistical study,evaluation of nine parameters(fluoride,pH,conductivity,atmospheric and water temperature,total dissolved solids,chloride,hardness,and alkalinity)of 110 collected underground water samples from 23 dispersed rural areas was proposed.Groundwater samples were obtained by sampling taken from wells at different depths.Fluoride levels were determined by a standard colorimetric method in two seasonal periods,the dry(from April to September)and rainy(from October to March)period.The analytical results obtained for physicochemical parameters such as pH,total dissolved solids(TDS),and temperature does not reveal any notable difference between the rainy and dry seasons studied.In both seasons,the atmospheric temperature average was 22℃.With respect to fluoride content,approximately 50%of the analysed groundwater samples exceeded the limit established by current legislation(1.0 mg/L),obtaining concentration levels in the range of 0.01-2.80 mg/L.This study demonstrates the usefulness of the univariate statistical method(quartiles calculation,interquartile range IQR),multivariate principal component analysis(PCA),and cluster analysis to establish a better understanding of the state of the contamination of the waters in the region studied.

水源保护下搬迁农户生计脆弱性评估框架分析——以韶关南水湖搬迁安置区为例

为了促进水源保护,水源地农户常被搬迁安置和限渔退捕,其生计脆弱性较为突出。以韶关南水湖搬迁安置区为例,基于“暴露性-敏感性-适应性”框架,构建了农户生计脆弱性评价框架,对农民生计脆弱性进行实证分析。结果表明:农户生计脆弱性总体较高,突出体现在生计适应性和生计暴露性两个方面;不同类型农户脆弱性存在差异,农户生计脆弱性会因村子和县城的距离、非渔业经营技能、职业类型的不同而存在差异;农户生计脆弱性受到就业机会、转产技能、生计多样性等因素的影响。

长江流域重要饮用水水源地保护长效机制

指导重要饮用水水源地保护是《中华人民共和国水法》《中华人民共和国长江保护法》和“三定”规定赋予水行政主管部门的法定职责,也是维系流域供水安全保障的底线。通过对长江流域重要饮用水水源地保护管理现状的回顾分析,针对保护管理中存在的水源地名录准入退出机制不健全、安全评估制度不完善、资金投入保障机制不足等问题,提出了完善水源地安全保障规划体系、规范水源地名录管理机制、强化水源地安全评估和保护、严格水源地保护考核等长效机制构建思路和后续工作建议。研究成果对于落实《中华人民共和国水法》《中华人民共和国长江保护法》饮用水水源地保护要求、贯彻长江经济带绿色发展和长江大保护建设的要求、推动长江流域重要饮用水水源地保护长效机制建设具有重要意义。

不同乡村地域类型农户生计资本和生计策略特征及影响因素——以于桥水库流域为例

农户生计方式不仅决定了农户的收入,还对区域环境产生了深刻的影响。不同乡村地域类型是影响农户生计资本和生计策略的重要因素。本研究通过参与式农村评估和问卷调查获取于桥水库流域512份农户生计的一手数据,构建了农户生计资本评价指标体系,依据收入结构划分农户生计策略,分析不同乡村地域类型的农户生计资本和生计策略特征,并利用多元回归方程解析生计资本对生计策略的影响。结果表明:流域内农户生计非农化成为普遍现象,纯非农型和非主农辅型生计策略占比分别为29.5%和42.6%。不同生计策略农户的生计资本存在显著差异:纯非农和非主农辅农户的总生计资本、人力资本、社会资本和金融资本显著高于纯农业和农主非辅农户,纯农业和农主非辅农户的自然资本显著高于纯非农型农户。不同乡村地域类型农户的生计资本水平和生计策略选择具有明显差异。经济作物区农户的总生计资本、自然资本显著高于其他地区,传统粮产区的金融资本最低。水库周边区生计策略主要为纯非农型,山地林木区和城镇周边区主要是非主农辅型,传统粮产区和经济作物区主要是纯非农型和非主农辅型,文化旅游区主要是非主农辅型和农主非辅型。人均耕地面积、人均林地面积、耕地破碎化程度、土壤肥力、劳动力占比、家庭人口平均年龄、交通工具和家庭人均收入等指标对农户生计策略选择具有显著影响。不同乡村地域类型生计资本和生计策略差异主要与地理区位、自然资源、社会资源和政策相关。最后,提出基于乡村地域特征的农户生计的针对性优化策略,为促进农户生计可持续发展提供参考。

黄河流域生态保护与修复科学问题的思考和建议

分析了黄河流域生态保护与修复面临的上游水源涵养、中游水土保持、下游湿地保护等科学问题,并提出相应的实施路径,得出:黄河上游应聚焦草地保护与可持续管理,森林植被水文调节和水源涵养能力提升,固沙植被稳定性评价、维持和提高,水源涵养功能建设与水资源供给关系协调等;黄河中游应侧重水资源承载力及林草植被修复潜力、水土保持措施建设适宜规模与优化布局、流域综合治理水沙协同调控;黄河下游则应重点关注生态基流水平与冲沙用水量、冲刷与淤积演变规律、湿地生物多样性保护等问题。

引江补汉工程取水口饮用水水源保护区划分

引江补汉工程是南水北调中线工程的后续水源,为保障汉江中下游干流水质安全和湖北省补水区城乡生活供水安全,有必要在工程取水口周边划定饮用水水源保护区。在充分考虑水质保护要求、交通航运、港口建设发展、应急响应需求等因素的基础上,针对三峡调度运行不同水位情况、工程引水代表流量和相应水质条件设计工况情景,基于水动力水质模型计算和应急响应时间估算结果,提出引江补汉工程龙潭溪取水口水源保护区范围建议,为将来保护区划定提供技术支撑。计算结果表明,以龙潭溪取水口为中心划分饮用水水源保护区的径向距离应≥1.3 km。

饮用水源保护区地方法规建设现状与法律保护对策分析

文章将H省作为研究对象,通过对国家和H省在饮用水水源地保护方面的法律制度体系进行了梳理,并对其法规建设现状展开了分析。结果显示,在饮用水水源地保护法规建设方面,H省存在的困境主要包括饮用水水源地保护法律制度体系不完整,饮用水水源地应急制度缺乏操作性,饮用水水源地法律责任体系不完善3方面。结合H省饮用水水源地保护立法情况,制定了《H省饮用水水源地保护条例》,建立各项具体法律制度;同时对饮用水水源地保护区制度进行完善,统一饮用水水源水质标准,对地下水资源的开发利用提出了新的要求和相应对策。《H省饮用水水源地保护条例》应健全饮用水水源地应急制度,注意事前监测预警、事后应急处置衔接,通过防治结合,做到减少水源污染事故损失、保障饮用水安全;建立健全生态补偿机制,确保资金到位。

南水北调中线生态保护措施对水源区碳中和的影响——以南阳市为例

为研究南水北调中线工程调水后采取的生态保护措施对水源区碳中和的影响,以南阳市为研究区域,梳理保障南水北调调水工程运营颁布的相关政策,利用碳排放、碳吸收测算模型分别测算水源区的碳排放量和碳吸收量,分析政策驱动引致的生态保护行动对南水北调水源区减排固碳能力的影响。研究发现:南阳市的碳排放量以2014年为结点整体呈先增长后下降的阶段性特征,碳吸收量整体呈现显著上升变化趋势;南阳市的碳吸收量大于碳排放量,整体已达到“碳中和”要求;水污染治理、节能减排、水土流失治理、林业建设等保障调水的生态保护措施通过增加水源区的减排固碳能力,促进“双碳”目标实现。研究结果为双碳目标实现提供决策参考。

生态敏感地区农村生活污水治理规划研究——以长春市乐山镇为例

农村生活污水治理对改善农村人居环境、建设美丽乡村具有重要作用,水源地周边农村生活污水治理对城市饮用水安全保障具有重大意义。以水源地生态敏感地区典型乡镇(长春市乐山镇)为例,通过对水源地敏感因素以及区域现状进行调查分析,根据规划村庄类型、实际发展情况,合理预测污水量,布局污水收集及处理设施。研究表明:农村区域应建立差异化的生活污水治理模式,划分“镇区、村屯、重大项目”三类区域,采用集中收集与分散处理相结合的方式处理农村生活污水;同时应突出“全域治理”的总体目标,统筹上下游乡镇,优化调整污水处理设施服务范围,实现污水设施共建共享。

基于“三水”统筹的宿州市浍河流域水生态环境保护方案

以“三水”统筹为技术框架,从宿州市浍河流域整体出发,开展了水环境、水生态和水资源的本底调查,对不同年份不同水期水生态环境状况的变化趋势以及污染物来源和入河特征进行了深入的分析,甄别厘清了浍河流域突出的水生态环境问题和成因,针对性设计了流域近期工业、城镇生活、农业农村污染防治,水资源保障,水生态保护与修复以及水风险防范等具体方案和重点工程,为浍河流域水生态环境安全保障提供基础支撑。

饮用水水源保护区常见风险源及相应的防范措施

水是生命的源泉,所有生物的生存都离不开水。饮用水源对人类的生存至关重要。近年来,随着我国经济快速发展,对生态环境造成诸多损害,各类污染问题频发,导致大量饮用水源被破坏,对人类的生存造成极大的影响和威胁。本文从饮用水水源保护区常见风险源入手,总结了几点策略,希望切实强化饮用水水源保护区常见风险防范效果。

河北承德德援项目实施效果评价研究

针对林草国际援助项目开展情况和社会影响,采用社会网络分析法、生态系统生产总值(GEP)和综合生态系统功能量指数法等,评价分析了2005年、2020年承德德国援助的“京北风沙危害区植被恢复与水源保护林可持续经营项目”和“密云水源流域保护与经营项目”的实施效果。结果表明:河北承德德援项目实施的经济效益约占总效益的6%,对维持当地居民收入,促进当地经济发展等具有明显的促进作用。在生态效益方面,该项目的生态效益占综合效益的比重较高,约为72%,对稳定当地生态环境,促进绿色低碳和高质量发展等发挥了重要的支撑作用。在社会效益方面,项目的实施对当地森林生态系统服务价值网络具有较大提升作用,社会网络稳定性增强。同时,分析研究了承德项目的森林碳汇价值实现,建议进一步加强金融支持和政策扶持,推动森林碳汇的价值实现。

长江流域重要饮用水水源地生态隔离带建设体系研究

指导饮用水水源地保护工作是《长江保护法》、国务院机构改革方案赋予新时期水行政主管部门的重要职责与使命。《长江经济带发展规划纲要》明确提出“建设沿江、沿河、环湖水资源保护带和生态隔离带,增强水源涵养和水土保持能力”。在流域饮用水水源地现状梳理基础上,分析长江流域饮用水水源地生态隔离防护建设存在的布局不合理、系统性差、监督管控措施不到位等问题,以长江流域302重要饮用水水源地为重点,提出饮用水水源地生态隔离带的构建思路。依此为基础,构建了包含陆域隔离防护带建设、滨水缓冲带建设、水域净化带建设3个层次的生态隔离带建设布局,提出了生态隔离带建设格局、内容和措施要求。研究成果对贯彻落实《长江经济带发展规划纲要》《长江保护法》水源地保护要求,全面实施长江流域饮用水水源地生态隔离带建设、强化流域管理治理具有重要指导意义。

农村饮用水水源地保护措施研究

水是人类赖以生存和发展的资源,饮用水安全是人民群众身体健康、生活安定的重要基础。然而在部分农村,由于特殊的环境和资源条件的影响,饮用水安全问题长期存在,尤其是随着城市化进程的加快和农业生产的发展,农村饮用水安全问题愈发突出,加强农村饮用水安全管理刻不容缓。基于此,本文指出农村饮用水管理存在的问题,提出农村饮用水水源地保护的措施,以供参考。