Measuring the moisture content of cotton bales is an important step in controlling the quality of cotton produced and sold around the world. A non-contact microwave-based bale moisture meter, the Vomax 851-B （Vomax I...Measuring the moisture content of cotton bales is an important step in controlling the quality of cotton produced and sold around the world. A non-contact microwave-based bale moisture meter, the Vomax 851-B （Vomax Instrumentation through Samuel Jackson, Lubbock, TX） has been commercially available but independent verification of these measurements has not been available. This new commercial meter was examined at a commercial facility using both laboratory produced bales and actual commercially produced bales. In the laboratory phase, bales were prepared by the Cotton Ginning Research Unit for measurement on the commercial instrument as well as by the oven reference method; the potential effects of bale orientation and bale packaging were also studied with these samples. The commercial phase involved collecting lint samples from 50 bales, over 5 days, during the 2007 ginning season. The collected bale samples were tested by the oven reference method for moisture content and those readings were compared to the microwave-based meter readings for moisture content. Moisture content, as measured, covered a wide range from 4.2% to 7.2 %, wet basis. The Vomax measurements tracked variation in bale moisture content and correlated well with the reference method; however the measurements showed higher moisture content than determined by the oven method. The Vomax 851-B shows potential to provide a reliable cotton bale moisture content for use in controlling the moisture content for commercial ginning of cotton.展开更多
利用2021年2—5月和8—11月青藏高原东坡高海拔宇宙线观测站(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory,LHAASO)多通道微波辐射计观测的高时空分辨率温度廓线数据,并结合2021年ERA5再分析资料,分析大气边界层高度(Atmospheric Bounda...利用2021年2—5月和8—11月青藏高原东坡高海拔宇宙线观测站(Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory,LHAASO)多通道微波辐射计观测的高时空分辨率温度廓线数据,并结合2021年ERA5再分析资料,分析大气边界层高度(Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height,ABLH)的日、月和季平均日变化规律。结果表明:(1)晴朗天气的ABLH具有明显的波峰波谷变化,日出后地表温度升高,ABLH也随之持续升高,最大值通常出现在午后,至18时左右迅速降低,日落之后降至最低。(2)一年之中,4月平均ABLH最大,约为1200 m,11月只有600 m。ABLH白天波动大,夜晚稳定,平均降至400 m左右。基于ERA5再分析资料反演的ABLH整体结果偏小,但具有与微波辐射计一致的变化趋势。(3)ABLH最大值出现在春季,夏季和秋季次之,冬季最小,且均在14:00—15:00达到峰值。展开更多
文摘Measuring the moisture content of cotton bales is an important step in controlling the quality of cotton produced and sold around the world. A non-contact microwave-based bale moisture meter, the Vomax 851-B （Vomax Instrumentation through Samuel Jackson, Lubbock, TX） has been commercially available but independent verification of these measurements has not been available. This new commercial meter was examined at a commercial facility using both laboratory produced bales and actual commercially produced bales. In the laboratory phase, bales were prepared by the Cotton Ginning Research Unit for measurement on the commercial instrument as well as by the oven reference method; the potential effects of bale orientation and bale packaging were also studied with these samples. The commercial phase involved collecting lint samples from 50 bales, over 5 days, during the 2007 ginning season. The collected bale samples were tested by the oven reference method for moisture content and those readings were compared to the microwave-based meter readings for moisture content. Moisture content, as measured, covered a wide range from 4.2% to 7.2 %, wet basis. The Vomax measurements tracked variation in bale moisture content and correlated well with the reference method; however the measurements showed higher moisture content than determined by the oven method. The Vomax 851-B shows potential to provide a reliable cotton bale moisture content for use in controlling the moisture content for commercial ginning of cotton.
