Effect of preoperative injection of carbon nanoparticle suspension on the outcomes of selected patients with mid-low rectal cancer

Background:Carbon nanoparticles show significant lymphatic tropism and can be used to identify lymph nodes surrounding mid-low rectal tumors.In this study,we analyzed the effect of trans anal injection of a carbon nanoparticle suspension on the outcomes of patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection.Methods:We collected the data of 87 patients with mid-low rectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic resection between November 2014 and March 2015 at Cancer Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College.For 35 patients in the experimental group,the carbon nanoparticle suspension was injected transanally into the submucosa of the rectum around the tumor 30 min before the operation;52 patients in the control group underwent the operation directly without the injection of carbon nanoparticle suspension.We then compared the operation outcomes between the two groups.Results:In the experimental group,the rate of incomplete mesorectal excision was lower than that in the control group,but no significant difference was found(2.9%vs.7.7%,P = 0.342).The distance between the tumor and the circumferential resection margin was 5.8 ± 1.4 mm in the experimental group and 4.8 ±1.1 mm in the control group(P = 0.001).The mean number of lymph nodes removed was 28.2 ± 9.4 in the experimental group and 22.7 ± 7.3in the control group(P = 0.003);the mean number of lymph nodes smaller than 5 mm in diameter was 10.1 ± 7.5and 4.5 ±3.7,respectively(P< 0.001).Three patients in the experimental group received lateral lymph node resection.Among the three patients,we retrieved three nodes(one stained node) from the first patient,three nodes(two stained nodes) from the second patient,and two nodes(no stained nodes) from the third patient.Conclusions:Injecting a carbon nanoparticle suspension improved the outcomes of patients who underwent laparoscopic resection for mid-low rectal cancer;it also improved the accuracy of pathologic staging.Moreover,for selected patients,this technique narrowed the scope of lateral lymph node dissection.

Anorectal dysfunction in patients with mid-low rectal cancer after surgery: A pilot study with three-dimensional high-resolution manometry

BACKGROUND The quality of life in patients who develop low anterior resection syndrome(LARS)after surgery for mid-low rectal cancer is seriously impaired.The underlying pathophysiological mechanism of LARS has not been fully investigated.AIM To assess anorectal function of mid-low rectal cancer patients developing LARS perioperatively.METHODS Patients diagnosed with mid-low rectal cancer were included.The LARS score was used to evaluate defecation symptoms 3 and 6 mo after anterior resection or a stoma reversal procedure.Anorectal functions were assessed by threedimensional high resolution anorectal manometry preoperatively and 3-6 mo after surgery.RESULTS The study population consisted of 24 patients.The total LARS score was decreased at 6 mo compared with 3 mo after surgery(P<0.05),but 58.3%(14/24)lasted as major LARS at 6 mo after surgery.The length of the high-pressure zone of the anal sphincter was significantly shorter,the mean resting pressure and maximal squeeze pressure of the anus were significantly lower than those before surgery in allpatients (P < 0.05), especially in the neoadjuvant therapy group after surgery (n = 18). The focalpressure defects of the anal canal were detected in 70.8% of patients, and those patients had higherLARS scores at 3 mo postoperatively than those without focal pressure defects (P < 0.05). Spasticperistaltic contractions from the new rectum to anus were detected in 45.8% of patients, whichwere associated with a higher LARS score at 3 mo postoperatively (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe LARS score decreases over time after surgery in the majority of patients with mid-low rectalcancer. Anorectal dysfunctions, especially focal pressure defects of the anal canal and spasticperistaltic contractions from the new rectum to anus postoperatively, might be the majorpathophysiological mechanisms of LARS.

Evaluation of the Diagnostic Value of Digital Rectal Examination for Lymph Node Metastasis in Mid-Low Rectal Cancer

Background: NCCN’s guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of rectal cancer suggest that accurate preoperative clinical staging of rectal cancer is very important. Reliable preoperative evaluation is the key to the development of surgical protocols, in order to investigate the diagnostic value of digital rectal diagnosis for lymph node metastasis of middle and low rectal cancer. Methods: We prospectively performed digital rectal examination in 258 patients with mid-low rectal cancer before operation, to analyze the distance from the lower margin of the tumor to the margin of the anus, the diameter of the invasion of the intestinal wall of the tumor, the accuracy between the general type and depth of invasion of the tumor and the pathological results of the postoperative specimen, and the predictability of the lymph node metastasis rate of the rectal digital examination. Results: The results of the analysis showed that the above indicators and postoperative pathological findings have high accuracy. Conclusions: It is concluded that accurate and detailed digital rectal examination before operation can predict lymph node metastasis rate of mid-low rectal cancer at a higher level and accurately.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with capecitabine combined with oxaliplatin for mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer with negative mesorectal fascia:Long-term outcomes of a prospective trial(PKUCH-R03 trial)

Objective:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NCT)in mid-low locally advanced rectal cancer with negative mesorectal fascia(MRF).Methods:This prospective,single-arm phaseⅡtrial was designed and conducted at Peking University Cancer Hospital.The patients who provided consent received 3 months of NCT(capecitabine and oxaliplatin,CapOX)followed by total mesorectal excision(TME).The primary endpoint was the rate of pathological complete response(pCR).Results:From January 2019 through December 2021,a total of 53 patients were enrolled,7.5%of whom experienced grade 3-4 adverse events during NCT.The pCR rate was 17.0%for the entire cohort,and the overall rate of postoperative complications was 37.7%(1.9%of gradeⅢa patients).The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 91.4%,and 23.5%(12/51)of the patients suffered from major low anterior resection syndrome(LARS).Postoperative complications were independently associated with major LARS.Conclusions:For patients with mid-low rectal cancer with negative MRF,3 months of NCT were found to yield a favorable tumor response with acceptable toxicity.With fair long-term survival,the NCT regimen could be associated with low rates of perioperative complications as well as acceptable anal function.

Preoperative prediction of perineural invasion of rectal cancer based on a magnetic resonance imaging radiomics model:A dual-center study

BACKGROUND Perineural invasion(PNI)has been used as an important pathological indicator and independent prognostic factor for patients with rectal cancer(RC).Preoperative prediction of PNI status is helpful for individualized treatment of RC.Recently,several radiomics studies have been used to predict the PNI status in RC,demonstrating a good predictive effect,but the results lacked generalizability.The preoperative prediction of PNI status is still challenging and needs further study.AIM To establish and validate an optimal radiomics model for predicting PNI status preoperatively in RC patients.METHODS This retrospective study enrolled 244 postoperative patients with pathologically confirmed RC from two independent centers.The patients underwent preoperative high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)between May 2019 and August 2022.Quantitative radiomics features were extracted and selected from oblique axial T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)and contrast-enhanced T1WI(T1CE)sequences.The radiomics signatures were constructed using logistic regression analysis and the predictive potential of various sequences was compared(T2WI,T1CE and T2WI+T1CE fusion sequences).A clinical-radiomics(CR)model was established by combining the radiomics features and clinical risk factors.The internal and external validation groups were used to validate the proposed models.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),DeLong test,net reclassification improvement(NRI),integrated discrimination improvement(IDI),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the model performance.RESULTS Among the radiomics models,the T2WI+T1CE fusion sequences model showed the best predictive performance,in the training and internal validation groups,the AUCs of the fusion sequence model were 0.839[95%confidence interval(CI):0.757-0.921]and 0.787(95%CI:0.650-0.923),which were higher than those of the T2WI and T1CE sequence models.The CR model constructed by combining clinical risk factors had the best predictive performance.In the training and internal and external validation groups,the AUCs of the CR model were 0.889(95%CI:0.824-0.954),0.889(95%CI:0.803-0.976)and 0.894(95%CI:0.814-0.974).Delong test,NRI,and IDI showed that the CR model had significant differences from other models(P<0.05).Calibration curves demonstrated good agreement,and DCA revealed significant benefits of the CR model.CONCLUSION The CR model based on preoperative MRI radiomics features and clinical risk factors can preoperatively predict the PNI status of RC noninvasively,which facilitates individualized treatment of RC patients.

Clinical efficacy and pathological outcomes of transanal endoscopic intersphincteric resection for low rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Transanal endoscopic intersphincteric resection(ISR)surgery currently lacks sufficient clinical research and reporting.AIM To investigate the clinical effectiveness of transanal endoscopic ISR,in order to promote the clinical application and development of this technique.METHODS This study utilized a retrospective case series design.Clinical and pathological data of patients with lower rectal cancer who underwent transanal endoscopic ISR at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University between May 2018 and May 2023 were included.All patients underwent transanal endoscopic ISR as the surgical approach.We conducted this study to determine the perioperative recovery status,postoperative complications,and pathological specimen charac-teristics of this group of patients.RESULTS This study included 45 eligible patients,with no perioperative mortalities.The overall incidence of early complications was 22.22%,with a rate of 4.44%for Clavien-Dindo grade≥III events.Two patients(4.4%)developed anastomotic leakage after surgery,including one case of grade A and one case of grade B.Postoperative pathological examination confirmed negative circumferential resection margins and distal resection margins in all patients.The mean distance between the tumor lower margin and distal resection margin was found to be 2.30±0.62 cm.The transanal endoscopic ISR procedure consistently yielded high quality pathological specimens.CONCLUSION Transanal endoscopic ISR is safe,feasible,and provides a clear anatomical view.It is associated with a low incidence of postoperative complications and favorable pathological outcomes,making it worth further research and application.

Construction of a nomogram model to predict technical difficulty in performing laparoscopic sphincter-preserving radical resection for rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Colorectal surgeons are well aware that performing surgery for rectal cancer becomes more challenging in obese patients with narrow and deep pelvic cavities.Therefore,it is essential for colorectal surgeons to have a comprehensive understanding of pelvic structure prior to surgery and anticipate potential surgical difficulties.AIM To evaluate predictive parameters for technical challenges encountered during laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery for rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively gathered data from 162 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic radical sphincterpreserving surgery for rectal cancer.Three-dimensional reconstruction of pelvic bone and soft tissue parameters was conducted using computed tomography(CT)scans.Operative difficulty was categorized as either high or low,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to identify predictors of operative difficulty,ultimately creating a nomogram.RESULTS Out of 162 patients,21(13.0%)were classified in the high surgical difficulty group,while 141(87.0%)were in the low surgical difficulty group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the surgical approach using laparoscopic intersphincteric dissection,intraoperative preventive ostomy,and the sacrococcygeal distance were independent risk factors for highly difficult laparoscopic radical sphincter-sparing surgery for rectal cancer(P<0.05).Conversely,the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance was identified as a protective factor(P<0.05).A nomogram was subsequently constructed,demonstrating good predictive accuracy(C-index=0.834).CONCLUSION The surgical approach,intraoperative preventive ostomy,the sacrococcygeal distance,and the anterior-posterior diameter of pelvic inlet/sacrococcygeal distance could help to predict the difficulty of laparoscopic radical sphincter-preserving surgery.

Chemoradiotherapy plus tislelizumab for mismatch repair proficient rectal cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis:A case report

BACKGROUND According to the latest report,colorectal cancer is still one of the most prevalent cancers,with the third highest incidence and mortality worldwide.Treatment of advanced rectal cancer with distant metastases is usually unsatisfactory,especially for mismatch repair proficient(pMMR)rectal cancer,which leads to poor prognosis and recurrence.CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a pMMR rectal adenocarcinoma with metastases of multiple lymph nodes,including the left supraclavicular lymph node,before treatment in a 70-year-old man.He received full courses of chemoradiotherapy(CRT)followed by 4 cycles of programmed death 1 inhibitor Tislelizumab,and a pathologic complete response(pCR)was achieved,and the lesion of the left supraclavicular lymph node also disappeared.CONCLUSION pMMR advanced rectal cancer with preserved intact distant metastatic lymph nodes may benefit from full-course CRT combined with immunotherapy.

Local excision for middle-low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation:A retrospective study from a single tertiary center

BACKGROUND Rectal cancer has become one of the leading malignancies threatening people’s health.For locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC),the comprehensive strategy combining neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT),total mesorectal excision(TME),and adjuvant chemotherapy has emerged as a standard treatment regimen,leading to favorable local control and long-term survival.However,in recent years,an increasing attention has been paid on the exploration of organ preservation strategies,aiming to enhance quality of life while maintaining optimal oncological treatment outcomes.Local excision(LE),compared with low anterior resection(LAR)or abdominal-perineal resection(APR)was introduced dating back to 1970’s.LE has historically been linked to a heightened risk of recurrence compared to TME,potentially due to occult lymph node metastasis and intraluminal recurrence.Recent evidence has demonstrated that LE might be an alternative approach,instead of LAR or APR,in cases with favorable tumor regression after NCRT with potentially better quality of life.Therefore,a retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data from mid-low LARC patients who underwent LE after NCRT was conducted,aiming to evaluate the treatment's efficacy,safety,and oncologic prognosis.AIM To explore the safety,efficacy,and long-term prognosis of LE in patients with mid-low rectal cancer who had a good response to NCRT.METHODS Patients with LE between 2012 to 2021 were retrospectively collected from the rectal cancer database from Gastro-intestinal Ward III in Peking University Cancer Hospital.The clinicopathological features,postoperative complications,and long-term prognosis of these patients were analyzed.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to create cancer-specific survival curve,and the log-rank test was used to compare the differences regarding outcomes.RESULTS A total of 33 patients were included in this study.The median interval between NCRT and surgery was 25.4(range:8.7-164.4)weeks.The median operation time was 57(20.0-137.0)minutes.The initial clinical T staging(cT):9(27.3%)patients were cT2,19(57.6%)patients were cT3,and 5(15.2%)patients were cT4;The initial N staging(cN):8 patients(24.2%)were cN negative,25 patients(75.8%)were cN positive;The initial M stage(cM):2 patients(6.1%)had distant metastasis(ycM1),31(93.9%)patients had no distant metastasis(cM0).The pathological results:18(54.5%)patients were pathological T0 stage(ypT0),6(18.2%)patients were ypT1,7(21.2%)patients were ypT2,and 2(6.1%)patients were ypT3.For 9 cT2 patients,5(5/9,55.6%)had a postoperative pathological result of ypT0.For 19 cT3 patients,11(57.9%)patients were ypT0,and 2(40%)were ypT0 in 5 cT4 patients.The most common complication was chronic perineal pain(71.4%,5/7),followed by bleeding(43%,3/7),stenosis(14.3%,1/7),and fecal incontinence(14.3%,1/7).The median follow-up time was 42.0(4.0-93.5)months.For 31 patients with cM0,the 5-year disease-free survival(DFS)rate,5-year local recurrence-free survival(LRFS)rate,and 5-year overall survival(OS)rate were 88.4%,96.7%,and 92.9%,respectively.There were significant differences between the ycT groups concerning either DFS(P=0.042)or OS(P=0.002)in the Kaplan-Meier analysis.The LRFS curve of ycT≤T1 patients was better than that of ycT≥T2 patients,and the P value was very close to 0.05(P=0.070).The DFS curve of patients with ypT≤T1 was better than that of patients with ypT≥T2,but the P value was not statistically significant(P=0.560).There was a significant difference between the ypT groups concerning OS(P=0.014)in the Kaplan-Meier analysis.The LRFS curve of ypT≤T1 patients was better than that of ypT≥T2 patients,and the P value was very close to 0.05(P=0.070).Two patients with initial cM1 were alive at the last follow-up.CONCLUSION LE for rectal cancer with significant tumor regression after NCRT can obtain better safety,efficiency,and oncological outcome.Minimally invasive or nonsurgical treatment with patient participation in decision-making can be performed for highly selected patients.Further investigation from multiple centers will bring better understanding of potential advantages regarding local resection.

Therapy for benign rectal anastomotic stricture after surgery for colorectal cancer:A systematic review

Objective:To evaluate various treatment methods for benign rectal anastomotic stricture(AS)following surgery for colorectal cancer.Method:A systematic review of the literature was conducted,focusing on studies that reported outcomes of different treatment modalities for benign AS.The PubMed,Embase,Scopus,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,and Cochrane Library databases were searched from January 2000 to December 2023.The inclusion criteria were studies involving human subjects,published in English,and reporting on therapeutic outcomes for benign AS.Results:A total of 19 papers identified a range of therapeutic strategies,including nonoperative anastomotic dilation,endoscopic balloon dilation(EBD),transanal minimally invasive surgery(TAMIS),selfexpandable metal stents(SEMS),endoscopic incision(EI)and newer techniques such as prostate resection instrumentation.Nonoperative anastomotic dilation can serve as an initial treatment for lower AS.EI demonstrated promise in cases where EBD was ineffective,providing an alternative method for managing AS.TAMIS and SEMS showed higher efficacy in refractory cases,with TAMIS being particularly effective for severe fibrotic or completely closed AS.The use of rigid instrumentation with an electric knife for transanal incisions demonstrated precision but lacked the flexibility needed for complex procedures.Conclusion:While traditional methods such as nonoperative anastomotic dilation and EBD remain firstline treatments for benign AS,advanced techniques such as EI,TAMIS,and SEMS offer promising alternatives,particularly in refractory cases.The choice of treatment should be tailored to individual patient conditions,with consideration for the technical expertise required and the potential for complications.

Study on sex differences and potential clinical value of threedimensional computerized tomography pelvimetry in rectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery is a complex procedure affected by various factors.However,the existing literature lacks standardized parameters for the pelvic region and soft tissues,which hampers the establishment of consistent conclusions.AIM To comprehensively assess 16 pelvic and 7 soft tissue parameters through computerized tomography(CT)-based three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction,providing a strong theoretical basis to address challenges in laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery.METHODS We analyzed data from 218 patients who underwent radical laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer,and utilized CT data for 3D pelvic reconstruction.Specific anatomical points were carefully marked and measured using advanced 3D modeling software.To analyze the pelvic and soft tissue parameters,we emp-loyed statistical methods including paired sample t-tests,Wilcoxon rank-sum tests,and correlation analysis.RESULTS The investigation highlighted significant sex disparities in 14 pelvic bone parameters and 3 soft tissue parameters.Males demonstrated larger measurements in pelvic depth and overall curvature,smaller measurements in pelvic width,a larger mesorectal fat area,and a larger anterior-posterior abdominal diameter.By contrast,females exhibited wider pelvises,shallower depth,smaller overall curvature,and an increased amount of subcutaneous fat tissue.However,there were no significant sex differences observed in certain parameters such as sacral curvature height,superior pubococcygeal diameter,rectal area,visceral fat area,waist circumference,and transverse abdominal diameter.CONCLUSION The reconstruction of 3D CT data enabled accurate pelvic measurements,revealing significant sex differences in both pelvic and soft tissue parameters.This study design offer potential in predicting surgical difficulties and creating personalized surgical plans for male rectal cancer patients with a potentially“difficult pelvis”,ultimately improving surgical outcomes.Further research and utilization of these parameters could lead to enhanced surgical methods and patient care in laparoscopic rectal cancer radical surgery.

Parallel pathways:A chronicle of evolution in rectal and breast cancer surgery

In this editorial,we have analyzed the historical evolution of rectal and breast cancer surgery,focusing on the progressive reduction of demolitive approaches and the increasing use of more conservative strategies,accompanied by a growing emphasis on perioperative treatments aimed at enhancing surgical outcomes.All of these changes have been made possible due to an increased awareness and understanding of oncological diseases and improved perioperative treatments.

Non-operative management of rectal cancer: Highlighting the controversies

There remains much ambiguity on what non-operative management(NOM)of rectal cancer truly entails in terms of the methods to be adopted and the best algorithm to follow.This is clearly shown by the discordance between various national and international guidelines on NOM of rectal cancer.The main aim of the NOM strategy is organ preservation and avoiding unnecessary surgical in-tervention,which carries its own risk of morbidity.A highly specific and sensitive surveillance program must be devised to avoid patients undergoing unnecessary surgical interventions.In many studies,NOM,often interchangeably called the Watch and Wait strategy,has been shown as a promising treatment option when undertaken in the appropriate patient population,where a clinical complete res-ponse is achieved.However,there are no clear guidelines on patient selection for NOM along with the optimal method of surveillance.

Magnetic resonance imaging-based lymph node radiomics for predicting the metastasis of evaluable lymph nodes in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Lymph node(LN)staging in rectal cancer(RC)affects treatment decisions and patient prognosis.For radiologists,the traditional preoperative assessment of LN metastasis(LNM)using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)poses a challenge.AIM To explore the value of a nomogram model that combines Conventional MRI and radiomics features from the LNs of RC in assessing the preoperative metastasis of evaluable LNs.METHODS In this retrospective study,270 LNs(158 nonmetastatic,112 metastatic)were randomly split into training(n=189)and validation sets(n=81).LNs were classified based on pathology-MRI matching.Conventional MRI features[size,shape,margin,T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)appearance,and CE-T1-weighted imaging(T1WI)enhancement]were evaluated.Three radiomics models used 3D features from T1WI and T2WI images.Additionally,a nomogram model combining conventional MRI and radiomics features was developed.The model used univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression.Evaluation employed the receiver operating characteristic curve,with DeLong test for comparing diagnostic performance.Nomogram performance was assessed using calibration and decision curve analysis.RESULTS The nomogram model outperformed conventional MRI and single radiomics models in evaluating LNM.In the training set,the nomogram model achieved an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.92,which was significantly higher than the AUCs of 0.82(P<0.001)and 0.89(P<0.001)of the conventional MRI and radiomics models,respectively.In the validation set,the nomogram model achieved an AUC of 0.91,significantly surpassing 0.80(P<0.001)and 0.86(P<0.001),respectively.CONCLUSION The nomogram model showed the best performance in predicting metastasis of evaluable LNs.

Crossed renal ectopia with rectal cancer:A case report

BACKGROUND Crossed renal ectopia(CRE)occurs when one kidney crosses the midline from the primary side to the contralateral side while the ureter remains on the primary side.Rectal cancer,one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract,refers to cancer from the dentate line to the rectosigmoid junction.The concurrent presentation of CRE alongside rectal cancer is an uncommon clinical observation.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report a 69-year-old male patient with rectal cancer who was diagnosed with CRE via computed tomography during hospitalization.Following thorough preoperative evaluations,the patient underwent Dixon surgery.CONCLUSION We performed laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer and adequate lymph node removal in a patient with CRE with no postoperative discomfort.

A comparative study of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on postoperative anal function of lower rectal cancer

BACKGROUND From the anal function,inflammatory response and other indicators,acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics was applied to patients with cancer undergoing low resection,aiming to improve the prognosis of patients.AIM To explore the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics on anal function after lower rectal cancer surgery.METHODS From January 2020 to December 2022,128 patients who underwent rectal cancer surgery in the Department of Oncology of Hebei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital were selected and divided into two groups using the random number table method,with 64 patients in each group.Patients in the control group were not treated with acupuncture or rehabilitation gymnastics and served as blank controls.Patients in the study group were treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation gymnastics from the 7th postoperative day.The anal incontinence scores,changes in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels,and serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels were compared.RESULTS There were no significant differences in serum interleukin-4,interleukin-6,and interleukin-10 Levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were better than those of the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the anal incontinence scores between the groups before and 7 d after surgery(P>0.05).Anal incontinence scores in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 14 d,21 d,and 28 d postoperatively(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in serum motilin,5-hydroxytryptamine,or vasoactive intestinal peptide levels between the groups before treatment(P>0.05).After treatment,these levels were higher in the study group than in the control group,and vasoactive intestinal peptide level was lower in the study group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation gymnastics can promote the recovery of anal function and reduce the inflammatory response in patients with lower rectal cancer after surgery.

Predictors of complications after prophylactic ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer:A retrospective study

BACKGROUND Previous studies have analyzed the risk factors for complications after ileostomy reversal for rectal cancer(RC),but there were significant differences in the reported risk factors for complications after stoma reversal.No studies have analyzed the risk factors for stoma-related complications and overall postoperative com-plications separately.AIM To analyze the risk factors for overall complications and stoma-related complications after ileostomy reversal for patients with RC.METHODS This was a retrospective study of 439 patients who underwent ileostomy reversal at a clinical center and were followed up between September 2012 and September 2022.Continuous variables are expressed as the mean±SD and were analyzed with independent-sample t tests,while frequency variables are expressed as n(%),and theχ2 test or Fisher’s exact test was used.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of overall complications and stoma-related complications.RESULTS The overall complication rate after ileostomy reversal was 11.4%.Patients with lower preoperative albumin concentration(P<0.01),greater blood loss(P=0.017),and longer operative times(P<0.01)were more likely to experience postoperative complications.The incidence of stoma-related complications was 6.4%.Analysis of the study showed that a higher body mass index(BMI)(P<0.01),preoperative comorbid hypertension(P=0.049),time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal(P<0.01)and longer operation time(P=0.010)were more likely to result in stomarelated complications postoperatively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that a lower preoperative albumin level(P<0.01,OR=0.888,95%CI:0.828-0.958)was an independent risk factor for overall complications.Moreover,multivariate analysis revealed that BMI(P<0.01,OR=1.176,95%CI:1.041-1.330)and time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal(P<0.01,OR=1.140,95%CI:1.038-1.252)were independent risk factors for stoma-related complications after stoma reversal.CONCLUSION The preoperative albumin level was a predictor of overall complications.Preoperative BMI and the time from primary surgery to ileostomy reversal were predictors of stoma-related complications.

Clinical application of eight-zone laparoscopic dissection strategy for rectal cancer:Experience and discussion

BACKGROUND The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing worldwide,and surgery remains the primary treatment modality.With the advent of total mesorectal excision(TME)technique,the probability of tumor recurrence post-surgery has significantly decreased.Surgeons'focus has gradually shifted towards minimizing the impact of surgery on urinary and sexual functions.Among these concerns,the optimal dissection of the rectal lateral ligaments and preservation of the pelvic floor neuro-vascular bundle have become critical.To explore the optimal surgical technique for TME and establish a standardized surgical protocol to minimize the impact on urinary and sexual functions,we propose the eight-zone dissection strategy for pelvic floor anatomy.AIM To compare the differences in surgical specimen integrity and postoperative quality of life satisfaction between the traditional pelvic floor dissection strategy and the innovative eight-zone dissection strategy.METHODS We analyzed the perioperative data of patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of rectal cancer at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University between January 1,2021 and December 1,2023.This study included a total of 218 patients undergoing laparoscopic radical surgery for rectal cancer,among whom 109 patients underwent traditional pelvic floor dissection strategy,and 109 patients received the eight-zone dissection strategy.RESULTS There were no significant differences in general characteristics between the two groups.Patients in the eight-zone dissection group had higher postoperative specimen integrity(88.1%vs 78.0%,P=0.047).At the 3-month followup,patients in the eight-zone surgery group had better scores in urinary issues(6.8±3.3 vs 5.3±2.5,P=0.045)and male sexual desire(2.2±0.6 vs 2.5±0.5,P=0.047)compared to the traditional surgery strategy group.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that the eight-zone dissection strategy for laparoscopic lateral ligament dissection of rectal cancer is safe and effective.Compared with the traditional pelvic floor dissection strategy,this approach can reduce the risk of nerve injury and minimize the impact on urinary and sexual functions.Therefore,we recommend the clinical application of this strategy to better serve patients with rectal cancer.

Serum nutritional predictive biomarkers and risk assessment for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic surgery in rectal cancer patients

BACKGROUND Anastomotic leakage(AL)is one of the severest complications after laparoscopic surgery for middle/low rectal cancer,significantly impacting patient outcomes.Identifying reliable predictive factors for AL remains a clinical challenge.Serum nutritional biomarkers have been implicated in surgical outcomes but are un-derexplored as predictive tools for AL in this setting.Our study hypothesizes that preoperative serum levels of prealbumin(PA),albumin(ALB),and transferrin(TRF),along with surgical factors,can accurately predict AL risk.AIM To determine the predictive value of preoperative serum nutritional biomarkers for rectal cancer AL following laparoscopic surgery.METHODS In the retrospective cohort study carried out at a tertiary cancer center,we examined 560 individuals who underwent laparoscopic procedures for rectal cancer from 2018 to 2022.Preoperative serum levels of PA,ALB,and TRF were measured.We employed multivariate logistic regression to determine the independent risk factors for AL,and a predictive model was constructed and evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS AL occurred in 11.96%of cases,affecting 67 out of 560 patients.Multivariate analysis identified PA,ALB,and TRF as the independent risk factor,each with an odds ratio of 2.621[95%confidence interval(CI):1.582-3.812,P=0.012],3.982(95%CI:1.927-4.887,P=0.024),and 2.109(95%CI:1.162-2.981,P=0.031),respectively.Tumor location(<7 cm from anal verge)and intraoperative bleeding≥300 mL also increased AL risk.The predictive model demonstrated an excellent accuracy,achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.942,a sensitivity of 0.844,and a specificity of 0.922,demonstrating an excellent ability to discriminate.CONCLUSION Preoperative serum nutritional biomarkers,combined with surgical factors,reliably predict anastomotic leakage risk after rectal cancer surgery,highlighting their importance in preoperative assessment.

Identifying timing and risk factors for early recurrence of resectable rectal cancer: A single center retrospective study

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a common malignancy and various methods have been introduced to decrease the possibility of recurrence.Early recurrence(ER)is related to worse prognosis.To date,few observational studies have reported on the analysis of rectal cancer.Hence,we reported on the timing and risk factors for the ER of resectable rectal cancer at our institute.AIM To analyze a cohort of patients with local and/or distant recurrence following the radical resection of the primary tumor.METHODS Data were retrospectively collected from the institutional database from March 2011 to January 2021.Clinicopathological data at diagnosis,perioperative and postoperative data,and first recurrence were collected and analyzed.ER was defined via receiver operating characteristic curve.Prognostic factors were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards modeling.RESULTS We included 131 patients.The optimal cut off value of recurrence-free survival(RFS)to differentiate between ER(n=55,41.9%)and late recurrence(LR)(n=76,58.1%)was 8 mo.The median post-recurrence survival(PRS)of ER and LR was 1.4 mo and 2.9 mo,respectively(P=0.008)but PRS was not strongly associated with RFS(R^(2)=0.04).Risk factors included age≥70 years[hazard ratio(HR)=1.752,P=0.047],preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy(HR=3.683,P<0.001),colostomy creation(HR=2.221,P=0.036),and length of stay>9 d(HR=0.441,P=0.006).CONCLUSION RFS of 8 mo was the optimal cut-off value.Although ER was not associated with PRS,it was still related to prognosis;thus,intense surveillance is recommended.