Complete Hydatidiform Mole at Menopause: A Case Report from Panzi Hospital, Bukavu, Democratic Republic of Congo

Gestational trophoblastic disease is an abnormal proliferation of trophoblastic tissue during pregnancy. It occurs in women of childbearing age, although a few cases have also been observed in post-menopausal women, although it is extremely rare in the latter. Here we describe a rare case of complete hydatidiform mole in a 56-year-old female patient who presented with genital bleeding combined with nausea and vomiting and a gravid uterus 16 cm in height. The ultrasound findings and the increase in serum β-HCG to 182566.00 mIU/ml suggested a diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole. Given the post-menopausal state and the future risk of post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, we opted for total hysterectomy without preservation of the adnexa via a transabdominal approach, followed by antimitotic treatment with methotrexate. The uterus measured 18.45 cm × 11.18 cm with intra cavitary vesicles. Microscopic examination showed chorionic villi of variable size and shape, most of which were dilated and oedematous, associated with trophoblastic cell proliferation and haemorrhage suggestive of complete benign hydatidiform mole. Follow-up showed a consistent decrease in serum β-HCG levels and no evidence of residual disease. A suspicion of gestational trophoblastic disease should be borne in mind when evaluating a patient with peri- or post-menopausal bleeding to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment.

Effect of mole ratio of Y to Zn on phase constituent of Mg-Zn-Zr-Y alloys

The phase constituent evolution of Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys with the mole ratio of Y to Zn both in the as-cast and as-annealed states at the Mg-rich corner was investigated by XRD and SEM/EDS analysis and was further explained from the ternary phase diagram calculation. The results show that the formation of the secondary phases in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr alloys firmly depends on the mole ratio of Y to Zn, and X （Mg 12 YZn）-phase, W （Mg 3 Y 2 Zn 3 ）-phase and I （Mg 3 YZn 6 ）-phase come out in sequence as the ratio of Y to Zn decreases. The mole ratios of Y to Zn with the corresponding phase constituent are suggested quantitatively as follows： the phase constituent is α-Mg ＋ I when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.164; α-Mg ＋ I ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.164 0.33;α-Mg ＋W when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 0.33; α-Mg ＋W＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is in the range of 0.33 1.32; and α-Mg ＋X when the mole ratio of Y to Zn is about 1.32. The results also offer a guideline for alloy selection and alloy design in Mg-Zn-Y-Zr system.

新型MOLEDs的光学性能

将负折射率介质层(NRIDL)引入到微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLEDs)中,设计了新型的微腔器件。利用传输矩阵法对此器件的反射率大小、器件厚度对发射峰的影响以及电致发光(EL)光谱性质进行了分析和讨论。结果表明:与普通微腔器件相比,新型微腔器件的谱线宽度显著窄化,峰值强度明显增强,并且受腔体长度的影响较小。这些结果为进一步提高微腔器件的发光色纯度、薄化器件厚度提供了新方法。

Effect of Zn and Ti mole ratio on microstructure and photocatalytic properties of magnetron sputtered TiO_2-ZnO heterogeneous composite film

Series of TiO 2-ZnO heterojunction composite films with different n（Zn）/n（Ti） ratios were prepared by UDP450 magnetron sputter ion plating equipment, and the mole ratio of Zn to Ti was controlled by adjusting the current values of sputtering target. The effects of n（Zn）/n（Ti） on the microstructures of TiO2-ZnO films were investigated by SEM, AFM, Raman and XPS, and their photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange solutions was evaluated. The results show that an increase in n（Zn）/n（Ti） typically results in a decrease in the grain size of composite films firstly and then an increase of grain size, while an increase in n（Zn）/n（Ti） leads to an increase in film roughness firstly and then a decrease in film roughness. Both grain size and roughness of TiO2-ZnO films reach the maximum and minimum at n（Zn）/n（Ti） of 1/9.3, respectively. The n（Zn）/n（Ti） shows little effect on the valences of Zn and Ti elements, which mainly exist in the form of TiO2 and ZnO phases. The n（Zn）/n（Ti） has influence on the amount of anatase/rutile TiO2 heterojunction in the film. With increase of the n（Zn）/n（Ti）, the absorption intensity of the composite film increases and the absorption region extends to 450 nm, which is redshifted as much as 150 nm in comparison with the pure TiO2 films. However, the photocatalytic abilities of heterogeneous composite films do not depend on the n（Zn）/n（Ti） but rather on the microstructures of the TiO2-ZnO composite films. Degradation rate of the film reaches the maximum and the photocatalytic decomposition of pollutants works best when n（Zn）/n（Ti）=1：9.3.

含负折射率介质的MOLEDs传输性能研究

将由正负折射率介质组成的新型分布布拉格反射镜(DBR)引入到微腔有机电致发光器件(MOLEDs)中,利用传输矩阵法对DBR反射率大小、反射率角度特性和新型微腔器件的透射率、谐振波长及电致发光光谱(EL谱)角度特性进行了分析和讨论.结果表明,新型DBR具有宽的反射带宽,且TE波和TM波的反射带宽分离很小.与普通的均由正折射率介质构成的MOLEDs相比,新型MOLEDs的反射率角度特性和透射率、EL谱角度特性均优于普通微腔器件,易于实现全角度反射.

可视化的Mole

移动代理是为解决网络低带宽、高延迟而提出的一种新的分布式计算模型，而Ｍｏｌｅ是Ｓｔｕｔｔｇａｒｔ大学开发的一个移动代理系统。Ｍｏｌｅ实现了一个移动代理系统的基本功能，但它过于简单的字符界面给系统使用带来许多限制和不便。在分析这些不足的基础上，设计并实现了Ｍｏｌｅ的可视化，同时增强了系统的控制功能。

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism-Based Chromosomal Microarray Evaluation of Hydatidiform Moles: A US National Reference Laboratory Experience

Objectives: This retrospective study evaluated 1) benefits of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based chromosomal microarrays (CMAs) in the diagnosis of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial HM (PHM) in products of conception (POC) and amniotic fluid (AF) specimens, and 2) frequency of whole-genome uniparental disomy (wgUPD) and triploidy in POC and AF specimens received at a US national reference laboratory. Methods: We reviewed consecutive 2138 POC and 3230 AF specimens and identified the cases with wgUPD and triploidy which are associated with molar pregnancy. Results: Of 2138 consecutive POC specimens tested, SNP-based CMA detected wgUPD in 10 (0.47%) and triploidy in 84 (3.93%). Of the 10 wgUPD cases, 9 (90%) were confirmed as CHM. Of 3230 consecutive AF specimens, the array detected wgUPD in 1 case (0.03%) and triploidy in 11 (0.34%). Conclusions: SNP-based microarray allows detection of wgUPD in POC and AF specimens at a US national reference laboratory. Correctly diagnosing HM and differentiating CHM from PHM are important for clinical management. The effective SNP-based CMA detection of wgUPD in CHM may enable physicians to monitor patients at risk for gestational trophoblastic disease and neoplasm. Conventional chromosome analysis of POC has a high failure rate, cannot be performed on formalin-fixed paraffin embedded samples, and cannot detect wgUPD. Further multi-institutional collaborative assessmen on accuracy, cost-effectiveness, and adequate access to SNP-based CMA, may lead this testing platform to be considered as the first-tier analysis tool for POC specimens, including those showing PHM or CHM.

Invasive Mole of the Uterus: A Case Report

Invasive mole is a rare subgroup of gestational trophoblastic disease characterized by the invasion of molar tissue into the myometrium or uterine vasculature. In this paper, we report the third case of invasive mole described in the Malagasy literature. A 33-year-old woman was referred to the Soavinandriana Hospital, her complaint was persistent vaginal bleeding during 2 months, occurring at 3 months of pregnancy with biological anemia without hemodynamic repercussions. The human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level was 385,931 mIU/ml. A haemostasis hysterectomy was performed. Histological examination showed an enlarged uterus and endometrial cavity containing edematous chorionic villi with trophoblastic proliferation invading the myometrium. The diagnosis was an invasive mole, stage I, FIGO score 6. Chemotherapy was prescribed but was not honored. After 45 days of follow-up, the serum βHCG level decreased to 1803 mIU/ml, without clinical symptoms. The patient then lost sight. Persistent vaginal bleeding after pregnancy may be the only clinical symptom of an invasive mole and should raise suspicion. Histological examination establishes the diagnosis. As this is an unusual cause of vaginal bleeding, our case should remind physicians that when faced with this symptom, the possibility of an invasive mole should be considered in order to make an early diagnosis for less aggressive treatment.

国际单位制基本单位之一:摩尔(mole)——现代计量科学专题之八

摩尔是SI基本单位之一,摩尔对化学和物理计量很重要.摩尔的采纳使化学有了基本单位,从而结束了无量纲的历史。通过阿伏伽德罗常量、摩尔质量等,实现了化学各量之间的换算,同时有可能重新定义质量单位——千克。国际计量界已全面合作,致力于不断提高测量阿伏伽德罗常量的准确度,并已经取得一定成就。当前准确测量阿伏伽德罗常量的技术关键主要是制备高纯的、完美无缺的、超高圆度的单晶硅球;准确测量其直径、圆度、密度、原子量、晶格常量、空穴等。

Kinematics of Terrestrial Locomotion in Mole Cricket Gryllotalpa orientalis

The fore leg of mole cricket （Orthoptera： Glyllotalpidae） has developed into claw for digging and excavating. As the result of having a well-suited body and appendages for living underground, mole cricket still needs to manoeuvre on land in some cases with some kinds of gait. In this paper, the three-dimensional kinematics information of mole cricket in terrestrial walking was recorded by using a high speed 3D video recording system. The mode and the gait of the terrestrial walking mole cricket were investigated by analyzing the kinematics parameters, and the kinematics coupling disciplines of each limb and body were discussed. The results show that the locomotion gait of mole cricket in terrestrial walking belongs to a distinctive alternating tripod gait. We also found that the fore legs of a mole cricket are not as effective as that of common hexapod insects, its middle legs and body joints act more effective in walking and turning which compensate the function of fore legs. The terrestrial lo-comotion of mole cricket is the result of biological coupling of three pairs of legs, the distinctive alternating tripod gait and the trunk locomotion.

Analysis of the carbon dioxide mole fraction variation and its transmission characteristics in Taiyuan

Based on the concentrations of CO2,PM2.5 and PM1.0,and conventional meteorological observation data from 2016 to 2018 at Taiyuan station,which belongs to the Shanxi greenhouse gas observation network,the CO2 concentration monthly and daily distribution characteristics,the weekend effect,and the variation characteristics on haze days and non-haze days,are analyzed.By using the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectorymodel(backward trajectory model)and surface wind data,the transmission characteristics of atmospheric CO2 in Taiyuan are studied in various seasons.The results show that,in Taiyuan,the CO2 mole fraction in autumn and winter is higher than that in spring and summer,and on haze days is higher than that on non-haze days.The diurnal variation characteristic of CO2mole fraction in each season is‘single peak and single valley’with the peak value around 0700(hereafter refers to Beijing Time)and the valley value around 1600.The CO2 mole fraction on workdays is slightly higher than that on non-workdays and obviously different around 0800 of the early peak.Horizontal diffusion can reduce the CO2 mole fraction,while breezy weather is not beneficial to CO2 diffusion.The wind direction and speed in the upper levels are different from those near the surface,and the close air masses in the southwest–west–northwest sector raise the CO2 concentration in Taiyuan obviously.This indicates that the CO2 in Taiyuan is mainly contributed by local sources.

Electrochemical and corrosion behaviors of the wrought Mg–Y–Zn based alloys with high Y/Zn mole ratios

The electrochemical behaviors and corrosion resistance of the wrought Mg–Y–Zn based alloys with high Y/Zn mole ratio have been investigated in details.The results show that the corrosion resistance of the investigated Mg–Y–Zn based alloys are dependent on the modified arrangement of LPSO phase by adjusting Y/Zn mole ratios.Increasing the Y/Zn mole ratio not only greatly decreases the size of LPSO phase plates,but also leads to the precipitation of Mg_(24)Y_(5) phase.The corrosion rate of Mg–Y–Zn based alloys greatly increases from 7.4 mg·cm^(−2)·day^(−1) to 11.3 mg·cm^(−2)·day^(−1) with increasing the Y/Zn mole ratio up to 3.It should be attributed to the decreasing size of LPSO phase plates as cathodes,further increasing the hydrogen evolution kinetics.The related corrosion mechanism is discussed in details.

Hydatidiform mole in a scar on the uterus:A case report

BACKGROUND Cesarean scar molar pregnancy is extremely rare,but the incidence has been rising due to the continuous increase in the rate of cesarean section.The presence of a hydatidiform mole in the scar left on the uterus by the procedure may lead to severe complications.We performed a literature review and found only seven reported cases of cesarean scar molar pregnancy.Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are extremely important for the patients’prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman,gravida 4,para 1,complained of vaginal bleeding lasting more than 1 mo and amenorrhea lasting more than 2 mo.The patient’s serum human chorionic gonadotropin was 4287800 IU/L.Ultrasound showed a 11.5 cm×7.5 cm mass at the anterior lower wall of the uterus.The patient underwent suction evacuation,and partial grape-like tissue mixed with blood clots was removed.Uterine arterial embolization was performed to control intraoperative and postoperative bleeding.Histological examination confirmed the presence of a hydatidiform mole in uterine scar.After surgery,there was still a mass with heterogeneous intensity near the isthmus of the uterus on magnetic resonance imaging.The patient then underwent chemotherapy.During the 6-mo follow-up period,the mass disappeared and the serum human chorionic gonadotropin level gradually decreased to normal level.CONCLUSION We report a case of cesarean scar molar pregnancy successfully cured by comprehensive treatment.We found that cesarean scar molar pregnancy was subject to intraoperative bleeding,and uterine arterial embolization before surgery may be helpful.

Genetically identified complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a normal fetus following IVF-ET

A complete hydatidiform mole coexisting with a fetus following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) is a rare event. The diagnosis is often not easy because of the morphological similarity to a partial mole, but important to the treatment. We present a recent case in which STR polymorphism analysis clearly revealed a different genetic origin for the fetal and molar parts. STR polymorphisms on 15 variable number tandem repeat loci and a gender-determination locus, which were detected by polymerase chain reaction, indicating that the cord/placenta and molar tissue were parental and androgenous, respectively. During follow-up, the patient developed persistent gestational trophoblastic tumor (GTT) which was successfully treated with chemotherapy. In this case, STR polymorphism analysis exactly diagnosed a twin pregnancy consisting of a complete hydatidiform mole and a fetus.

Awareness, knowledge, and attitudes towards sun protection among patients with melanoma and atypical mole syndrome

BACKGROUND Patients with atypical mole syndrome(AMS)have a 3-to 20-fold higher risk of developing malignant melanoma(MM)than individuals without.The most modifiable risk factor for developing MM is the ongoing ultraviolet exposure.AIM To assess awareness,knowledge,and attitudes towards sun protection among patients with MM and AMS.METHODS From January 2020 till December 2021,a written survey was administered to patients with MM and AMS and a control group who attended a specialist mole clinic at the Dermatology Department of the University Hospital of Heraklion in Heraklion,Crete,Greece.Demographic data and photoprotective practices,knowledge,and perceived barriers were collected.Relevant statistical analyses were performed using SPSS IBM 25.RESULTS In total,121 subjects consented and participated in the survey.Their mean age was 43.92±12.55 years.There were 66(54.4%)females and 55(45.4%)males.Forty-seven(38.8%)patients had AMS,26(21.5%)had a past medical history of MM,and 48(39.7%)attended the clinic for a full skin checkup for their naevi without having AMS or MM.Although 104(86%)participants reported using sunscreen with the majority of them(59/121=48.8%)wearing sunscreen with a sun protection factor of>50,only 22(18.2%)patients did so every day and only 20(16.5%)all year round.Approximately 74.4%of patients recalled having received advice on how to protect their skin from sunlight,and 73%were interested in receiving education about sun protection.The most mentioned barriers in photoprotection were concerns over adequate vitamin D and lack of time.CONCLUSION Despite mentioning having received adequate education in photoprotection,adherence to photoprotection practices is suboptimal in patients with MM and AMS.

InterInterleukin (IL)-4 Induces Production of Cytokine-induced Neutrophil Chemoattractants (CINCs) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 in Lungs of Asthmatic Rats

Summary： The present study aimed to examine the effect of intedeukin （IL）-4 on neutrophil chemo- taxis in airway inflammation in asthmatic rats and the possible mechanism. Male Wistar rats were intranasally instilled with recombinant rat （rr） IL-4 （rrlL-4） at different doses [2, 4 or 8μ g/animal, dis- solved in 200 μL normal saline （NS）] or rrlL-4 at 4 μg/animal （dissolved in 200 μL NS）. NS （200 μL） and LPS （6 mg/kg/animal, dissolved in 200 IxL NS） were intranasally given respectively in the negative and positive control groups. Moreover, the asthmatic lung inflammation was induced in rats which were then intranasally treated with rrlL-4 （4 μg/animal） or LPS （6 mg/kg/animal）. The normal rats treated with different doses of rrlL-4 and those asthmatic rats were sacrificed 6 h later. And animals instilled with rrlL-4 at 4 μg were sacrificed 6, 12 or 24 h later. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF） and lungs were harvested for detection of leukocyte counts by Wright-Giemsa staining and lung histopa- thology by haematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The levels of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattrac- tant （CINC）-I and intercellular adhesion molecule （ICAM）-I in BALF were determined by ELISA. Real-time PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of C1NCs （CINC-1, CINC-2u, CINC-2a, CINC-3） and ICAM-1 in lung tissues. The results showed that the intranasal instillation of IL-4 did not induce a recruitment of neutrophils in BALF in rats. However, IL-4 could increase the CINC-1 level in BALF in a dose-dependent manner at 6 h. But the mRNA expression levels of CINC-1, C1NC-2a, CINC-2, CINC-3 were not significantly increased in lungs of IL-4-treated rats relative to NS negative control group. Moreover, IL-4 was found to augment the mRNA expression oflCAM-1 in lungs and the ICAM-1 level in BALF at 6 h. However, the increase in CINC-1 and ICAM-1 levels in BALF of IL-4-treated asthmatic rats was not significantly different from that in untreated asthmatic rats. These findings indicate that IL-4 does not directly recruit neutrophils in the rat lungs, but it may contribute to airway neutrophilia through up-regulation of CINC-1 and ICAM-1.

Mole*的移动Agent转接器MAD

本文首先分析了MA转接器的特点和意义,然后给出MAD的设计目标,并在此基础给出了MAD的简单实现,最后给出了改进后的Mole系统(本文称之为Mole*)的两个应用示例:流浪者。

Termination of a partial hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus: A case report

BACKGROUND We describe the treatment strategy for a patient who was found to have a partial hydatidiform mole and coexisting fetus(PHMCF)during the second trimester.The patient was a 38-year-old Chinese woman who had become pregnant following in vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation.We wanted to determine the safest therapeutic strategy to terminate the PHMCF during the second trimester.CASE SUMMARY In this case,we present a patient who was found to have a PHMCF complicated with serious continuous vaginal bleeding and pre-eclampsia during the second trimester.After careful evaluation,the pregnancy was considered to be unsustainable and was terminated via caesarean section(CS).An infant with weak vital signs and a partially cystic placenta measuring 110 mm×95 mm×35 mm were delivered by CS.The patient was discharged after 4 d.The serum levels ofβ-human chorionic gonadotropin decreased to within a normal range 5 wk after the operation,and no evidence of persistent trophoblastic disease or lung metastases was noticed at the 6-mo follow-up.CONCLUSION CS termination of PHMCF during the second trimester may be a relatively safe therapeutic strategy.

Acheivement of Nano-Scale SiGe Layer with Discrete Ge Mole Fraction Profile Using Batch-Type HVCVD

The strained Si grown on the relaxed SiGe-on-insulator C-MOSFET's is a promising device for the future system LSI devices with the design rule of sub-micron. The achievement of the discrete Ge mole fraction in the SiGe layer is a key engineering in low-temperature SiGe epitaxial growth using HVCVD. The pre-flow of GeH4 gas enhanced the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness. In addition, the Ge mole fraction and SiGe layer thickness increases with the gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4, process temperature, and gas flow time. However, the haze was produced if the Ge mole fraction is above 22wt%. The discrete-like Ge mole fraction with 22 wt% in 10 nm SiGe layer was obtained by the pre-flow of GeH4 for 10 s, the mixture gas ratio of GeH4/SiH4 + GeH4 of 67%, and the gas flow time for 150 s at the process temperature of 550 C.

Interactions between intruders and residents in the mole vole Ellobius talpinus

We studied the behavioral and endocrine responses of the fossorial s ocial rodent, mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall., to intrusions of strangers int o burrow systems that were occupied by intact families. Both in reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, all intruders disappeared from the burrow systems of residents within two days of introduction, whereas 4 of 7 individuals introduced into empty burrows remained there at least for two days. Introduction of strang ers led to the concentration of residents at the point of release and to an incr ease of plasma corticosterone in both residents and intruders. During the breedi ng season, introduction of strangers was also accompanied by an increase of plas ma testosterone of residents on the day of introduction. Thus, simulation of int rusion of strangers demonstrated the efficient social fence of resident mole vol es that seems to be an important mechanism of stabilization of size and structur e of mole vole families. Encounters of residents and intruders resulted in activ ation of physiological mechanisms of stress, especially during the breeding seas on .