Dry Breeding and Dry Planting Techniques for Indica Hybrid Rice in Karst Mountain Areas of Gejiu City

Based on the arable land situation in Gejiu City,upland dry planting of indica hybrid rice is being expanded in Karst mountain areas with a rainfall of over 1400 mm and an altitude of 1100-1600 m to develop grain production.This paper gives a specific description of hybrid rice upland dry seedling technology,upland transplanting technology,fertilization technology,field management,weed prevention and control technology,and disease and pest control.

Variation of Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Mid-Season Hybrid Rice at Different Ecological Sites under Different Nitrogen Application Levels

[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the effects of different geographic sites,soil chemical characteristics and nitrogen application levels on nitrogen accumulation and distribution in different organs and utilization efficiency for mid-season hybrid rice.[Method] By using mid-season rice varieties II-you 7 and Yuxiangyou203 as the experimental materials,field experiment was conducted at seven ecological sites in four provinces or cities in Southwestern China in 2009.A total of four nitrogen application levels were set as follows：by using 75 kg/hm2 of P2O5 and 75 kg/hm2 of K2O as the base fertilizer,extra 0,90,150 and 210 kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer（in which,base fertilizer,base-tillering fertilizer and base-earing fertilizer respectively accounted for 60%,20% and 20%.） was applied,respectively.In the split-plot design,fertilizer was considered as the main factor while rice variety was taken as the secondary factor.A total of eight treatments were set with three replications.[Result] Highly significant differences of grain yield were found among seven locations,two varieties,four nitrogen application levels,interactions of site × variety and site × nitrogen application level,but the interaction of variety ×nitrogen application level had no significant influence on rice yield.There were highly significant effects of site,varieties and nitrogen application level on dry matter production,nitrogen content,nitrogen utilization efficiency.Highly significant negative correlations between uptake efficiency and utilization efficiency for nitrogen were found;and multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that nitrogen uptake-utilization efficiency were significantly influenced by different ecological sites,chemical quality of soil and the levels of nitrogen application.[Conclusion] The research will provide theoretical and practical basis for the highly efficient application of nitrogen in mid-season hybrid rice cultivation.

Effects of SPAD Decline Value of Mid-season Hybrid Rice Leaves after Full-heading Stage on Productivity of Rice Fertilized with Nitrogen

[Objective] The aim was to research relationship between SPAD decline index after full-heading stage （SDIFHS） and productivity of rice. fertilized with nitro- gen in order to provide theoretical and practical references for selection and breed- ing of rice varieties. [Method] From 2008 to 2010, 18 mid-season hybrid rice vari- eties were researched every year to explore relationship＇ between SDIFHS and pro- ductivity of rice fertilized with nitrogen. [Result] The productivity of rice fertilized with nitrogen was of extremely significant positive corretation with SDIFHS, because the higher SPAD decline index is, the higher LAI decline index and the transformation ratio of dry matter to spikes in overground plant would be. [Conclusion] The re- search established a new method to predict productivity of rice fertilized with nitro- gen based on SPAD decline index.

Relationship between Living Rate of Bud and Emergence Rate of Ratoon Rice and Characteristics of the First Cropping Mid-season Hybrid Rice

[Objective] The aim was to study the relationship of plant characters with bud living rate and mother stem emergence rate of ratoon rice before harvest. [Method] Eighteen mid-season hybrid rice cultivators approved recently were taken as materials and relationship of plant characters including bud living rate and moth- er stem emergence rate of ratoon rice before harvest was explored, based on relat- ed data. [Result] The shorter rice with lower harvesting index is the main character of high emergence rate for first cropping rice; decline of plant height and increase of ear-bearing percentage would improve emergence of regenerative seedlings. [Conclusion] The research provided scientific reference for breeding of rice cultivars with high regenerative capacity.

Response of grain-filling rate and grain quality of mid-season indica rice to nitrogen application

Nitrogen is one of the important factors for high yield of rice.Apart from high yield,high quality has become the current urgent demand for rice production.Grain-filling stage is crucial for rice yield and quality formation.However,the effect of nitrogen on grain-filling characteristics and the relationship of grain-filling characteristics and rice quality of mid-season indica rice were still unclear.A field experiment was carried out to ascertain the critical grain-filling characteristics that contribute to rice milling quality,appearance quality and cooking and eating quality under nitrogen applications.The results showed that nitrogen applications prolonged the duration of superior and inferior grain filling.The mean grainfilling rate(G_(mean))and the maximum grain-filling rate(G_(max))of the inferior grains were positively correlated with chalky kernel rate,chalkiness,and amylose content.The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate(T_(max)G)of the inferior grains was positively correlated with brown rice rate,milled rice rate,and head milled rice rate.Chalky kernel rate and chalkiness were negatively correlated with peak paste viscosity and breakdown viscosity.Less amylose content and more crude protein content were detected in nitrogen application of Liangyoupei 9 and Y Liangyou 2 both in 2016 and 2017.According to the correlation analysis,better cooking and eating quality of Y Liangyou 2 which had less amylose content might result from its higher G_(max)and G_(mean)of inferior grain than that of Liangyoupei 9 in the treatments of nitrogen application.These results indicated that the prolonging grain-filling duration and increasing grain weight at the maximum grain-filling rate of inferior grains contributed to the improvement of milling quality,appearance quality,and cooking and eating quality of mid-season indica rice under appropriate nitrogen applications.

Root morphological traits and their relations with yield components of dry-raised mid-season indica rice

Research on root morphological traits of dry-raised seedlings (D-RS) at different growth stages of rice have so far attracted less attention. In this study, using mid-season indica hy-

Research on Yield and Quality of Hybrid Rice under Efficient Application Amount of Phosphorus and Potassium

[Objective] Application of P and K was not reasonable in southwest rice producing area, with no effective method for guiding application of P and K. This study aimed to conduct experiments with the same N application and different P and K application in different ecological points, to explore a scientific and efficient management method of P and K nutrients and provide guidance for application of P and K in rice production. [Method] Hybrid rice Chuanxiang9838 was used as experimental material to study the relationship among application amount of P and K, utilization rates of P and K, rice yield and rice quality in seven ecological points of four provinces （municipalities） including Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan and Guizhou. The application amount per hectare of P was 37.5, 75, 112.5 and 150 kg, respectively; the application amount per hectare of K was 45, 135 and 180 kg, respectively. A total of 10 treatments were set for split-plot design with three replications. [Result] Yield of Chuanxiang9838 significantly varied in different experimental locations and under different levels of P and K, interaction of ecological point and different P and K treatments varied significantly. Yield had reached the maximum in ecological point of Yunnan Binchuan and in treatment with application of N 150 kg P 75 kg K 90 kg. Efficient utilization rates of P and K varied in each ecological point, efficient application amount of P and K in Sichuan Dongpo, Sichuan Luxian, Guizhou Xiaohe and Chongqing Yongchuan was the same, while that in Sichuan Guanghan, Sichuan Zhongjiang and Yunnan Binchuan was different. The main objective of high-yield rice production was to increase the number of effective panicles per hectare and seed setting rate. Rice quality was clustered into 2 categories by locations and 6 categories by treatments. [Conclusion] Prediction models of efficient application of P and K in rice production were established, which provided guidance for high-yield rice production and rational and efficient utilization of P and K in southwest rice area.

遥控水稻直播机电动底盘结构设计与试验研究

针对西南丘陵山区地形要求,为提高水稻机械化种植效率与直播机具的工作稳定性,设计了一款轮式遥控水稻直播机电动底盘。对遥控水稻直播机电动底盘结构和工作原理进行了阐述,对动力系统、链传动张紧装置、播种悬挂升降装置进行设计,并分析整机在不同转弯方式下的转弯半径与爬坡和越梗时受力情况,建立坡道极限倾翻角与最大越梗高度的数学表达式。最后,对整机进行了田间试验,结果表明:水田环境下遥控水稻直播机直线行驶平均偏移率为1.26%,滑移率为1.04%,水田下陷量总体处于121~163mm之间,可成功通过坡度角为25°的田间坡道,具备较好的直线行驶能力和防滑能力,以及田埂与坡道通过性和较小的土壤破坏性,能够满足丘陵山区水稻直播对底盘的技术要求。

不同黑斑蛙蝌蚪放养密度对贵州山区稻蛙共生模式中黑斑蛙生长的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同放养黑斑蛙蝌蚪对稻蛙共生模式中黑斑蛙生长的影响,本研究采用田间试验方法,分别设置75只/m^(2)、105只/m^(2)、135只/m^(2)、165只/m^(2)和195只/m^(2)五种蝌蚪放养密度,比较了不同蝌蚪放养密度下黑斑蛙个体的生长差异,建立了体长、体质量与养殖时长的生长模型,进一步拟合了体长、头宽、后肢长与体质量的关系。结果表明:不同蝌蚪放养密度对体长、头宽、后肢长和体质量均有显著影响(P<0.05);体长、头宽、后肢长均与体质量存在较高的相关性(P<0.05),拟合度达0.956 3;75只/m^(2)和135只/m^(2)组黑斑蛙的体质量与养殖时长间的生长曲线(?)值均为2.33,显著高于165只/m^(2)和195只/m^(2),且体质量分布中,40g以上的黑斑蛙个体重比例最高的为135只/m^(2),高于其他处理组。从生长角度考虑稻蛙共生模式中黑斑蛙合理的放养密度为在135只/m^(2)左右。

山区稻田“稻鱼鸭”生态种养模式技术设计与效益分析

在贵州省黔东南州山区开展“稻鱼鸭”生态种养研究示范,实现稻田每667 m2总产值达到6047.9元,比水稻单种增加4237元,经济效益显著。“稻鱼鸭”生态种养模式可提高土壤的肥力,土样检测结果显示,与试验前对比,有机质含量增加2.3~3.5 g/kg,土壤全氮含量百分比增幅0.032%~0.052%,有效磷含量增加2.2~4.3 mg/kg,速效钾含量增加2.0~16.0mg/kg,还能有效控制病虫草的危害,减少农药、化肥的施用,减轻稻田环境污染,提高农产品品质。该模式具有较高的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益。

浮梁山区水稻高产栽培技术研究

山区水稻产量相对于平原地区要低750~1500 kg/hm^(2),其主要原因是山体阻挡、日照减少、地温降低、肥料利用效率下降。为提高山区水稻产量,从提高稻田地温和肥料利用效率方面入手,科学运筹氮肥,采取薄露灌溉技术。结果显示,与农户传统栽培方式相比,有效穗数增加了0.3~0.7根,每穗实粒数增加了1~8粒,水稻千粒重提高了0~4 g,肥料农学效率提高了6.57%~10.16%,产量提高了3.01%~9.34%。针对山区稻田,氮肥运筹以基肥∶分蘖肥∶孕穗肥=3∶4∶3效果最好,能提高肥料产量贡献率,提升肥料农学效率,增加水稻产量,提高经济效益。本研究为山区稻田种植提供参考。

株距和穴栽苗数不同配置对喀斯特山区水稻产量和干物质积累的影响

【目的】探明喀斯特山区水稻移栽株距和穴苗数配置对其产量和干物质积累的影响,为水稻机插栽培密度和穴栽苗数的选择提供参考。【方法】选用2种不同类型水稻品种晶两优534(多穗型杂交籼稻)和甬优1540(大穗型籼粳杂交水稻),在固定移栽行距(30 cm)基础上,设置不同移栽株距(13.33 cm、20 cm和26.67 cm)和穴栽苗数(1苗、2苗和3苗),分析株距与穴苗数不同配置处理水稻的产量和干物质积累量。【结果】株距对2个水稻品种的有效穗均有显著(P<0.05)影响,对产量均无显著影响;随株距增加,2个水稻品种的有效穗呈降低趋势;大穗型水稻品种甬优1540的穗粒数随株距增加呈增加趋势,而多穗型品种晶两优534穗粒数受株距影响不明显;晶两优534千粒重随株距增加而降低,甬优1540千粒重受株距影响不明显;2个水稻品种的产量与干物质积累量均表现随株距增加而降低。穴栽苗数对2个水稻品种的产量均有显著(P<0.05)影响,对千粒重均无显著影响;相同株距条件下,晶两优534的有效穗和千粒重随穴栽苗数增加呈增加趋势,而穗粒数、产量及干物质积累量则随穴栽苗数增加而明显减少;穴栽苗数对甬优1540的有效穗、穗粒数和千粒重影响不明显,而产量与干物质积累量随穴栽苗数增加明显降低。【结论】在固定水稻行距(30 cm)基础上,一定范围内株距(13.33~26.67 cm)的变化对不同类型水稻产量影响较小,控制穴栽苗数(1~2苗)有利于水稻获得高产,同时该行株距及穴苗数配置适宜于水稻机插栽培。

浙西南山区优质籼稻品种筛选研究

为了进一步保障浙西南山区水稻高产与优质协同生产,通过引进种植9个近年新审定的水稻品种,以本地区推广面积最大的优质籼稻中浙优8号为对照,系统分析这10个籼稻品种生育期、产量、品质和温光特性。结果表明,10个籼稻品种在浙西南山区均能安全成熟,但产量和品质有差异。以667 m^(2)产量450 kg为标准,品质以NY/T 593—2021中籼稻蒸煮食用品质一级为标准,筛选出产量和品质协同提升的水稻品种,分别是中浙优8号、华浙优210和中浙优518。

高原山区稻鱼综合种养技术推广运用及效益分析

为发挥稻田的多功能性,提高农业生产的综合效益,推动高原山区乡村经济的可持续发展,本文以稻鱼综合种养技术推广运用为例,详细阐述了稻鱼综合种养技术在高原山区应用的关键要点,涵盖了选址要求、田埂建设、进排水口设计、沟溜开挖、鱼种投放与管理等多个方面。针对鱼病防治、水位控制、施药准备和科学用药等关键环节,提出了具体的技术指导。深入分析了稻鱼综合种养技术产生的经济效益、生态效益和社会效益,包括减少成本、增加收入、促进就业和生态保护等方面的积极影响。该技术通过推广应用,实现了降本增效,提高了资源利用率和农产品品质,促进了农业绿色发展。

山区稻田鲤鱼放养密度对优质稻全年产量的影响

【目的】通过开展稻田鲤鱼不同放养密度对比试验,为制修订相关生产技术规程提供科学依据。【方法】放养体长约6cm的稻田鲤鱼,设置750~8250尾/hm^(2)6个放养密度,观察其对优质稻全年产量的影响,并进行统计分析。【结果】750尾/hm^(2)和2250尾/hm^(2)低密度处理的优质稻全年产量较高,其中2250尾/hm^(2)最高,产量达到8230.5 kg/hm^(2)。【结论】2250尾/hm^(2)的放养密度既能充分利用稻田天然饵料资源,又能保证优质稻获得高产。在本试验条件下,以放养密度2250尾/hm^(2)为最佳。

基于集成学习的高原山区水稻种植信息提取——以云南马龙区为例

高原山区多是山地、丘陵,地形崎岖,农户种植的耕地破碎、作物种类繁多是造成遥感分类结果较差的主要因素。针对这个问题,以云计算引擎(GEE)为数据处理平台,利用集成学习方法对高原山区水稻进行遥感分类。实验结果表明集成学习后的强分类器比单一分类器的泛化性能强,分类的总体精度86.61%和Kappa系数0.837 8,水稻的用户精度84.10%和制图精度75.51%,说明集成学习方法对地块破碎、土地利用类型复杂的高原山区水稻信息提取具有一定的参考意义。

基于系统药理学解析林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇抗疲劳的作用机制

目的初步探讨林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇抗疲劳的物质基础和作用机制。方法采用组合效应系数方法评估林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇抗疲劳协同增效作用;通过小鼠负重游泳实验评估林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇抗疲劳的功效,并测定与疲劳相关的多个体内指标,探索抗疲劳可能的作用机制;通过液相-质谱联用主要成分和入血成分分析,结合网络药理学初步解析林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇抗疲劳的可能作用机制与药效物质基础。结果林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇的组合效应系数在0.6~0.8,具有中等协同增效作用;林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇可以延长小鼠力竭游泳的时间,降低血浆中尿素氮和乳酸的含量和脑组织中5-羟色胺的含量,升高肝糖原和肌糖原的储备水平。成分分析表明,共有9个主要原形成分吸收入血。进一步通过网络药理学分析发现,其主要通过干预Serotonergic synapse通路发挥抗疲劳功效,4个入血的人参皂苷及三十二碳脂肪烷醇、三十碳脂肪烷醇、二十八碳脂肪烷醇可能是抗疲劳的药效成分。结论林下山参联合米糠脂肪烷醇可以通过调控多靶点、多途径实现抗疲劳功效,为两者的进一步开发和应用提供依据。

湖南省丘陵山区水稻全程机械化生产现状、问题与发展对策

加快推进丘陵山区水稻全程机械化发展,提高水稻生产能力,对促进丘陵山区水稻稳产增产、农民增收,助力乡村振兴具有重要意义。介绍了湖南省丘陵山区水稻全程机械化现状,对耕整、种植、田间管理和收获环节农机具进行分析,明确丘陵山区水稻机械化发展的薄弱环节,分析了丘陵山区水稻全程机械化生产、农机设备关键技术、农机农艺融合及装备产业发展等方面存在的问题,为促进我国丘陵山区水稻产业机械化设备技术进步、转型升级和水稻全程机械化水平提升提供参考。

闽西山区稻渔综合种养技术应用探讨

文章对福建省顺昌县山区稻渔综合种养技术的应用进行了详细的探讨和分析,重点关注了综合种养、敌害的预防、病虫害防治等三项关键技术措施。这些技术措施是确保稻鱼综合种养技术实施的关键,可为山区渔业的发展提供了重要参考。

哈尼梯田灌溉制度对山区农村水资源管理体制改革的启示

以元阳县攀枝花乡阿勐控村哈尼梯田灌溉制度为例,应用公共池塘资源管理理论,结合案例研究与文献研究,分析哈尼梯田灌溉水资源管理制度的特点及其可长期延续的原因。研究发现,哈尼梯田灌溉制度长期可持续的原因在于:(1)哈尼梯田灌溉系统与管理高度适应当地自然和社会环境;(2)通过沟长—(水利委员会)—用水农户的层级制管理组织,责任明确;(3)通过“木刻分水”的分配体系,建立了权利与责任对等的灌溉水资源分配制度,保障了灌溉系统运行所需的劳动力与资金投入;(4)沟长负责、全体参与的运行机制,实现了低成本但有效的监督与制裁体系,减少“搭便车”的行为。