Qingdao Recommendations for the Protection and Return of Cultural Objects Removed from Colonial Contexts or Acquired by Other Unjustifiable or Unethical Means

The International Conference on the Protection and Return of Cultural Objects Removed from Colonial Contexts was held in Qingdao,China on June 20,2024.representatives from 28 countries and 2 international organizations attended the conference or shared ideas and communicated through video.

Moved Score Confidence Intervals for Means of Discrete Distributions

Let X denote a discrete distribution as Poisson, binomial or negative binomial variable. The score confidence interval for the mean of X is obtained based on inverting the hypothesis test and the central limit theorem is discussed and recommended widely. But it has sharp downward spikes for small means. This paper proposes to move the score interval left a little (about 0.04 unit), called by moved score confidence interval. Numerical computation and Edgeworth expansion show that the moved score interval is analogous to the score interval completely and behaves better for moderate means;for small means the moved interval raises the infimum of the coverage probability and improves the sharp spikes significantly. Especially, it has unified explicit formulations to compute easily.

Who Moved My Cheese?

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The Approximation Error of Ordinary Differential Equations Based on the Moved Node Method

One of the central issues in solving differential equations by numerical methods is the issue of approximation. The standard way of approximating differential equations by numerical methods (particularly difference methods) is to question the degree of approximation in the form O(hp). Here h is the grid step. In this case we have an implicit approximation. Based on the difference equation approximating the differential equation, the order of approximation is obtained using the Taylor series. However, it is possible to calculate the approximation error at nodal points based on the method of moving nodes. The method of moving nodes allows obtaining an approximate analytical expression. On the basis of the approximate form, it is possible to calculate the approximation error. The analytical form of the approximation makes it possible to efficiently calculate this error. On the other hand, the property of this error allows the construction of new improved circuits. In addition, based on these types of errors, you can create a differential analog of the difference equation that gives an exact approximation.

基于MOVES模型的污染物排放相关性分析

道路机动车排放是大气污染物的重要来源,同时也是量化评价最困难的污染源之一。目前,国内主要利用MOVES模型进行道路机动车排放预测,但在参数本地化时进行地理区域选择方面缺少深入分析,基于太原实际的道路交通流信息,共选取8个相近地理区域,模拟得出机动车CO,CH 4,NO_(x),PM_(2.5)污染物排放量,并运用SPSS进行污染物排放量与所选地理区域纬度和海拔相关性分析。结果显示:在纬度确定的情况下,海拔和污染物排放量不存在显著相关;在海拔确定的情况下,纬度和污染物CH 4,NO_(x),PM_(2.5)排放量不存在显著相关性,但与CO排放量存在显著相关性。

Movies that Moved Us

Qi,our Deputy Managing Editor,left the office sobbing.As she walked home against oncoming gusts of frosty wind,tears formed icicles on her cheeks.She had been watching movies.For two weeks,Qi left her desk weeping into her scarf.She

In memory of Professor David Alexander Yuen

David Alexander Yuen was born on June 14,1948,in Shanghai during the Chinese Civil War.His family moved to Hong Kong the following year.Thanks to the help of Senator Mike Mansfield,a Democrat from Montana,who met Dave's father during World War II,the entire family of seven moved to New York City in 1956.Dave showed much enthusiasm as a student,graduating from Xavier High School in Lower Manhattan in 1965,along with other successful Americans such as Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia.Dave proceeded to Caltech to study chemical physics and then moved to the chemistry department at the University of California,Berkeley in 1969,where the beginning of the plate tectonics revolution inspired him to change his focus to geophysics.

昆明市高速公路机动车温室气体排放清单及时空性分布特征

为研究昆明市高速公路机动车的CO、CO_(2)、N_(2)O、CH_(4)温室气体排放清单,使用2021年昆明市高速公路客车交通流量数据、机动车GPS信息数据获得了高速公路网上的车型构成、车流量等基础数据,应用本土化修正后MOVES模型计算了昆明市高速公路的机动车CO、CO_(2)、N_(2)O、CH_(4)排放因子。基于实际交通流量数据、温室气体排放因子和昆明市高速公路实际道路信息,构建了昆明市高速公路机动车温室气体排放清单,并对其排放特征以及空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明:昆明市2021年高速公路机动车CO、CO_(2)、N_(2)O和CH_(4)的排放量分别为20337.1、2575677.1、33.8和72.9 t,总计CO_(2)当量为2626212.5 t。按排放标准划分,国Ⅳ排放标准的机动车是4种温室气体排放的主要贡献车型;按车辆类型划分,小型客车是CO、CO_(2)、N_(2)O排放的主要贡献车型,大型客车是CH_(4)排放的主要贡献车型;按燃料类型划分,汽油车是CO、CO_(2)、N_(2)O的主要贡献车型,柴油车是CH_(4)排放的主要贡献车型。昆明市高速公路机动车温室气体排放时间分布特征为排放强度与不同时间段的交通流量呈正相关,在24 h内呈现双高峰变化;空间分布特征为排放强度与路网密度和区域交通流量密切相关,路网密度较高和交通流量较高的区域排放强度较高。

An MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework for simulating fluid-solid interaction problems

The high-resolution DEM-IMB-LBM model can accurately describe pore-scale fluid-solid interactions,but its potential for use in geotechnical engineering analysis has not been fully unleashed due to its prohibitive computational costs.To overcome this limitation,a message passing interface(MPI)parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework is proposed aimed at enhancing computation efficiency.This framework utilises a static domain decomposition scheme,with the entire computation domain being decomposed into multiple subdomains according to predefined processors.A detailed parallel strategy is employed for both contact detection and hydrodynamic force calculation.In particular,a particle ID re-numbering scheme is proposed to handle particle transitions across sub-domain interfaces.Two benchmarks are conducted to validate the accuracy and overall performance of the proposed framework.Subsequently,the framework is applied to simulate scenarios involving multi-particle sedimentation and submarine landslides.The numerical examples effectively demonstrate the robustness and applicability of the MPI parallel DEM-IMB-LBM framework.

Numerical analysis of moving train induced vibrations on tunnel,surrounding ground and structure

This study is focused on the effect of vibration induced by moving trains in tunnels on the surrounding ground and structures.A three-dimensional finite element model is established for a one-track railway tunnel and an adjacent twelve-storey building frame by using commercial software Midas GTS-NX(2019)and Midas Gen.This study considered the moving load effect of a complete train,which varies with space as well as with time.The effect of factors such as train speed,overburden pressure on the tunnel and variation in soil properties are studied in the time domain.As a result,the variations in horizontal and vertical acceleration for two different sites,i.e.,the free ground surface(without structure)and the area containing the structure,are compared.Also,the displacement pattern of the raft foundation is plotted for different train velocities.At lower speeds,the heaving phenomenon is negligible,but as the speed increases,both the heaving and differential settlement increase in the foundation.This study demonstrates that the effect of moving train vibrations should be considered in the design of new nearby structures and proper ground improvement should be considered for existing structures.

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTM) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

济南市高速公路机动车高精度尾气排放清单及时间分布特征研究

高速公路因通行能力高、行车速度快的优点承担大量客货运载活动,随着高速公路车流量与日俱增,其造成的尾气排放污染以及排放特性值得深入探讨。通过整理济南市高速公路通行客货车真实数据,将区域参数作为基础对MOVES模型进行精确本地化模拟。得出济南市高速公路占比最高7种车型的污染物排放因子与碳排放因子,并提出一种自下而上的新型排放清单编制方法。通过与经典污染物计算方法对比分析,建立起济南市高速公路通行客货车的高精度日排放清单和周排放清单。结果表明,货车类型的污染物排放因子整体高于客车类型,客一的CO排放因子和货三的NO_(x)排放因子在车型中居于首位,重型货车CO_(2)的排放因子约为小型汽油客车的5.6倍。小时分布特征显示济南市高速公路与城市道路相似,出现双高峰时间段,并且符合通勤规律。

MOVES模型在城市交通碳减排评估中的应用

为准确评估城市道路交叉口信号优化的碳减排效果,在实际交通调查的基础上利用MOVES模型模拟信号优化后道路车辆污染物排放的变化,对交通管控的节能减排效应进行定量分析。结果表明:信号优化不仅能有效缓解交通拥堵,提高主干道交通流的速度,还能够不同程度降低不同污染物的排放总量,尤其是CO_(2)的排放量;虽然信号优化后不同污染物排放总量都在降低,但对于道路行驶的基数较小的车型,其污染物排放趋势有可能增加;不同污染物对信号优化的敏感性不同,因此减排效果不同,但相同车型的不同污染物的减排趋势相似。通过详细分析模型参数的本地化过程和排放结果,所研究的污染物排放测算方法更符合实际情况,可以为其他城市交通管控的减排效益研究提供参考,为城市的低碳绿色发展提供理论基础。

基于改进YOLOv8-CEFG的垃圾检测算法研究

随着我国经济的高速发展和人口的急剧增加,生活垃圾污染问题日益突出。然而,传统的人工垃圾检测方法效率低且主观性强。为提高复杂场景下垃圾检测的准确率,文章提出了一种基于改进YOLOv8的垃圾检测模型。为提升检测精度和识别效果,引入了EMA(Exponential Moving Average)注意力机制。实验结果显示,YOLOv8-CEFG在垃圾检测数据集上表现优异,最终其mAP达到了88.8%,比原始YOLOv8模型提高了3.1%。YOLOv8-CEFG算法能较好地满足实时检测任务的需求,并展示了良好的检测效果。

Numerical analysis of geosynthetic-reinforced embankment performance under moving loads

The performance of geosynthetic-reinforced embankments under traffic moving loads is always a hotspot in the geotechnical engineering field.A three-dimensional(3D)model of a geosynthetic-reinforced embankment without drainage consolidation was established using the finite element software ABAQUS.In this model,the traffic loads were simulated by two moving loads of rectangular pattern,and their amplitude,range,and moving speed were realized by a Fortran subroutine.The embankment fill was simulated by an equivalent linear viscoelastic model,which can reflect its viscoelasticity.The geogrid was simulated by the truss element,and the geocell was simulated by the membrane element.Infinite elements were utilized to weaken the boundary effect caused by the model geometry at the boundaries.Validation of the established numerical model was conducted by comparing the predicted deformations in the cross-section of the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment with those from the existing literature.On this basis,the dynamic stress and strain distribution in the pavement structure layer of the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment under a moving load was also analyzed.Finally,a parametric study was conducted to examine the influences of the different types of reinforcement,overload,and the moving load velocity on the geosynthetic-reinforced embankment.

Differences and similarities in radial growth of Betula species to climate change

Betula platyphylla and Betula costata are important species in mixed broadleaved-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)forests.However,the specific ways in which their growth is affected by warm temperatures and drought remain unclear.To address this issue,60 and 62 tree-ring cores of B.platyphylla and B.costata were collected in Yichun,China.Using dendrochronological methods,the response and adaptation of these species to climate change were examined.A“hysteresis effect”was found in the rings of both species,linked to May–September moisture conditions of the previous year.Radial growth of B.costata was positively correlated with the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index(SPEI),the precipitation from September to October of the previous year,and the relative humidity in October of the previous year.Growth of B.costata is primarily restricted by moisture conditions from September to October.In contrast,B.platyphylla growth is mainly limited by minimum temperatures in May–June of both the previous and current years.After droughts,B.platyphylla had a faster recovery rate compared to B.costata.In the context of rising temperatures since 1980,the correlation between B.platyphylla growth and monthly SPEI became positive and strengthened over time,while the growth of B.costata showed no conspicuous change.Our findings suggest that the growth of B.platyphylla is already affected by warming temperatures,whereas B.costata may become limited if warming continues or intensifies.Climate change could disrupt the succession of these species,possibly accelerating the succession of pioneer species.The results of this research are of great significance for understanding how the growth changes of birch species under warming and drying conditions,and contribute to understanding the structural adaptation of mixed broadleaved-Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)forests under climate change.

Distributed Multicircular Circumnavigation Control for UAVs with Desired Angular Spacing

This paper addresses a multicircular circumnavigation control for UAVs with desired angular spacing around a nonstationary target.By defining a coordinated error relative to neighboring angular spacing,under the premise that target information is perfectly accessible by all nodes,a centralized circular enclosing control strategy is derived for multiple UAVs connected by an undirected graph to allow for formation behaviors concerning the moving target.Besides,to avoid the requirement of target’s states being accessible for each UAV,fixed-time distributed observers are introduced to acquire the state estimates in a fixed-time sense,and the upper boundary of settling time can be determined offline irrespective of initial properties,greatly releasing the burdensome communication traffic.Then,with the aid of fixed-time distributed observers,a distributed circular circumnavigation controller is derived to force all UAVs to collaboratively evolve along the preset circles while keeping a desired angular spacing.It is inferred from Lyapunov stability that all errors are demonstrated to be convergent.Simulations are offered to verify the utility of proposed protocol.

Efficient 2-D MUSIC algorithm for super-resolution moving target tracking based on an FMCW radar

Frequency modulated continuous wave(FMCW)radar is an advantageous sensor scheme for target estimation and environmental perception.However,existing algorithms based on discrete Fourier transform(DFT),multiple signal classification(MUSIC)and compressed sensing,etc.,cannot achieve both low complexity and high resolution simultaneously.This paper proposes an efficient 2-D MUSIC algorithm for super-resolution target estimation/tracking based on FMCW radar.Firstly,we enhance the efficiency of 2-D MUSIC azimuth-range spectrum estimation by incorporating 2-D DFT and multi-level resolution searching strategy.Secondly,we apply the gradient descent method to tightly integrate the spatial continuity of object motion into spectrum estimation when processing multi-epoch radar data,which improves the efficiency of continuous target tracking.These two approaches have improved the algorithm efficiency by nearly 2-4 orders of magnitude without losing accuracy and resolution.Simulation experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm in both single-epoch estimation and multi-epoch tracking scenarios.

Random vibration analysis of FGM plates subjected to moving load using a refined stochastic finite element method

The article introduces a finite element procedure using the bilinear quadrilateral element or four-node rectangular element(namely Q4 element) based on a refined first-order shear deformation theory(rFSDT) and Monte Carlo simulation(MCS), so-called refined stochastic finite element method to investigate the random vibration of functionally graded material(FGM) plates subjected to the moving load.The advantage of the proposed method is to use r-FSDT to improve the accuracy of classical FSDT, satisfy the stress-free condition at the plate boundaries, and combine with MCS to analyze the vibration of the FGM plate when the parameter inputs are random quantities following a normal distribution. The obtained results show that the distribution characteristics of the vibration response of the FGM plate depend on the standard deviation of the input parameters and the velocity of the moving load.Furthermore, the numerical results in this study are expected to contribute to improving the understanding of FGM plates subjected to moving loads with uncertain input parameters.

Impacts of proppant distribution on development of tight oil reservoirs with threshold pressure gradient

Field evidence indicates that proppant distribution and threshold pressure gradient have great impacts on well productivity.Aiming at the development of unconventional oil reservoirs in Triassic Chang-7 Unit,Ordos Basin of China,we presented an integrated workflow to investigate how(1)proppant placement in induced fracture and(2)non-linear flow in reservoir matrix would affect well productivity and fluid flow in the reservoir.Compared with our research before(Yue et al.,2020),here we extended this study into the development of multi-stage fractured horizontal wells(MFHWs)with large-scale complicated fracture geometry.The integrated workflow is based on the finite element method and consists of simulation models for proppant-laden fluid flow,fracture flow,and non-linear seepage flow,respectively.Simulation results indicate that the distribution of proppant inside the induced cracks significantly affects the productivity of the MFHW.When we assign an idealized proppant distribution instead of the real distribution,there will be an overestimation of 44.98%in daily oil rate and 30.63%in cumulative oil production after continuous development of 1000 days.Besides,threshold pressure gradient(TPG)also significantly affects the well performance in tight oil reservoirs.If we simply apply linear Darcy’s law to the reservoir matrix,the overall cumulative oil production can be overrated by 77%after 1000 days of development.In general,this research provides new insights into the development of tight oil reservoirs with TPG and meanwhile reveals the significance of proppant distribution and non-linear fluid flow in the production scenario design.