Dynamic characteristics of multi-span spinning beams with elastic constraints under an axial compressive force

A theoretical model for the multi-span spinning beams with elastic constraints under an axial compressive force is proposed.The displacement and bending angle functions are represented through an improved Fourier series,which ensures the continuity of the derivative at the boundary and enhances the convergence.The exact characteristic equations of the multi-span spinning beams with elastic constraints under an axial compressive force are derived by the Lagrange equation.The efficiency and accuracy of the present method are validated in comparison with the finite element method(FEM)and other methods.The effects of the boundary spring stiffness,the number of spans,the spinning velocity,and the axial compressive force on the dynamic characteristics of the multi-span spinning beams are studied.The results show that the present method can freely simulate any boundary constraints without modifying the solution process.The elastic range of linear springs is larger than that of torsion springs,and it is not affected by the number of spans.With an increase in the axial compressive force,the attenuation rate of the natural frequency of a spinning beam with a large number of spans becomes larger,while the attenuation rate with an elastic boundary is lower than that under a classic simply supported boundary.

Vortex-Induced Vibration Response Features of A Submarine Multi-Span Pipeline via Towing Tank Experimental Tests

In offshore engineering, the phenomenon of free span often occurs, and the pipeline may have multiple free spans adjacent to each other, forming a multi-span pipeline. The interaction of different spans makes the structural vibration characteristics more complex, which may change the fatigue characteristics of the pipeline and affect the safety of the structure. In this paper, model tests were designed to explore the vortex-induced vibration(VIV) characteristics of multi-span pipelines and investigate the multi-span interaction mechanism. The experimental study mainly focused on the dynamic response of double-span pipelines, and further extended to triple-span pipelines, hoping that the results can be applied to more complex environment. The effects of span-length ratio, buried depth and axial force on VIV of the pipeline were investigated and discussed. The dynamic response of the pipeline varied with the span length. There was obvious interaction between different spans of multi-span pipelines, and the pipe-sediment interaction obviously affected the vibration characteristics of pipeline. The differences of pipeline burial depth and axial force changed the structural stiffness. With the increase of buried depth, the response amplitude presented a downward trend. The spanwise evolutions were asymmetric caused by the pipe-sediment interaction and multi-span interaction. The results can help to identify multi-span pipelines in engineering, and realize the prevention and control of free spans.

Networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing of a multi-span bridge based on NetSLab

Modem dynamic tests such as networked collaborative pseudo-dynamic testing （PDT） provide new tools to study the dynamic performance of large and complex structures. In this paper, several networked collaborative PDT systems established in China and abroad are introduced, including a detailed description of the first networked collaborative platform that involved the construction of a standardized demonstration procedure for networked collaborative PDT. The example is a multi-span bridge with RC piers retrofitted by FRP, and a networked structural laboratory （NetSLab） platform is used to link distributed laboratories located at several universities together. Substructure technology is also used in the testing. The characteristics, resource sharing and collaborative work of NetSLab are described, and the results illustrate that use of the NetSLab is feasible for studying the dynamic performance of multi-span bridge structures.

Numerical Calculation of Dynamic Response for Multi-Span Non-Uniform Beam Subjected to Moving Mass with Friction

In order to simulate the coupling vibration of a vehicle or train moves on a multi-span continuous bridge with non-uniform cross sections, a moving mass model is used according to the Finite Element Method, the effect of the inertial force, Coriolis force and centrifugal force are considered by means of the additive matrices. For a non-uniform rectangular section beam with both linear and parabolic variable heights in a plane, the stiffness and mass matrices of the beam elements are presented. For a non-uniform box girder, Romberg numerical integral scheme is adopted, each coefficient of the stiffness matrix is obtained by means of a normal numerical computation. By applying these elements to calculate the non-uniform beam, the computational accuracy and efficiency are improved. The finite element method program is worked out and an entire dynamic response process of the beam with non-uniform cross sections subjected to a moving mass is simulated numerically, the results are compared to those previously published for some simple examples. For some complex multi-span bridges subjected to some moving vehicles with changeable velocity and friction, the computational results, which can be regarded as a reference for engineering design and scientific research, are also given simultaneously.

A procedure of the method of reverberation ray matrix for the buckling analysis of a thin multi-span plate

A procedure of the method of reverberation ray matrix(MRRM)is developed to perform the buckling analysis of thin multi-span rectangular plates having internal line supports or stiffeners.A computation algorithm for the reverberation ray matrix in the MRRM is derived to determine the buckling loading.Specifically,the analytical solutions are presented for the buckling of the structure having two opposite simply-supported or clamped-supported edges with spans,while the constraint condition of two remaining edges may be in any combination of free,simply-supported,and clamped boundary conditions.Furthermore,based on the analysis of matrices relating to the unknown coefficients in the solution form for the deflection in terms of buckling modal functions,some recursive equations(REs)for the MRRM are introduced to generate a reduced reverberation ray matrix with unchanged dimension when the number of spans increases,which promotes the computation efficiency.Several numerical examples are given,and the present results are compared with the known solutions to illustrate the validity and accurateness of the MRRM for the buckling analysis.

Multi-Span and Multiple Relevant Time Series Prediction Based on Neighborhood Rough Set

Rough set theory has been widely researched for time series prediction problems such as rainfall runoff.Accurate forecasting of rainfall runoff is a long standing but still mostly signicant problem for water resource planning and management,reservoir and river regulation.Most research is focused on constructing the better model for improving prediction accuracy.In this paper,a rainfall runoff forecast model based on the variable-precision fuzzy neighborhood rough set(VPFNRS)is constructed to predict Watershed runoff value.Fuzzy neighborhood rough set dene the fuzzy decision of a sample by using the concept of fuzzy neighborhood.The fuzzy neighborhood rough set model with variable-precision can reduce the redundant attributes,and the essential equivalent data can improve the predictive capabilities of model.Meanwhile VFPFNRS can handle the numerical data,while it also deals well with the noise data.In the discussed approach,VPFNRS is used to reduce superuous attributes of the original data,the compact data are employed for predicting the rainfall runoff.The proposed method is examined utilizing data in the Luo River Basin located in Guangdong,China.The prediction accuracy is compared with that of support vector machines and long shortterm memory(LSTM).The experiments show that the method put forward achieves a higher predictive performance.

Analytical investigation of bidirectional ductile diaphragms in multi-span bridges

In the AASHTO Guide Specifications for Seismic Bridge Design Provisions,ductile diaphragms are identified as Permissible Earthquake-Resisting Elements（EREs）,designed to help resist seismic loads applied in the transverse direction of bridges.When adding longitudinal ductile diaphragms,a bidirectional ductile diaphragm system is created that can address seismic excitations acting along both the bridge’s longitudinal and transverse axes.This paper investigates bidirectional ductile diaphragms with Buckling Restrained Braces（BRBs）in straight multi-span bridge with simply supported floating spans.The flexibility of the substructures in the transverse and longitudinal direction of the bridge is considered.Design procedures for the bidirectional ductile diaphragms are first proposed.An analytical model of the example bridge with bidirectional ductile diaphragms,designed based on the proposed methodology,is then built in SAP2000.Pushover and nonlinear time history analyses are performed on the bridge model,and corresponding results are presented.The effect of changing the longitudinal stiffness of the bidirectional ductile diaphragms in the end spans connecting to the abutment is also investigated,in order to better understand the impact on the bridge’s dynamic performance.

Research and Analysis on Cooling Capacity of Temperature Adjustment Equipments in Agricultural Multi-span Greenhouse

The high summer indoor temperature in agricultural greenhouse is not conducive to crop growth,so it is necessary to cool the greenhouse. In this study,taking the agricultural multi-span greenhouse with strong temperature adjustment ability for example,we make an experimental analysis on the temperature changes inside and outside the greenhouse under nine different equipment combinations( fan,skylight,sunshade,sunshade + fan,cooling pad + fan,skylight + fan,sunshade + skylight,sunshade + fan + cooling pad,sunshade + skylight + fan),respectively,and conduct the overall assessment on the measures to cool the summer agricultural greenhouse,in order to provide a reference for selecting a cost-effective cooling method for greenhouse. Tests show that the three treatment modes of fan,sunshade and sunshade + fan almost have no cooling capacity; skylight,sunshade + skylight have cooling capacity,but the effect is slow; cooling pad + fan,sunshade + skylight +fan can reduce the indoor temperature,but the effect is not very good; skylight and fan have good cooling effect; sunshade + fan + cooling pad has obvious cooling effect,which can well meet the cooling needs in the summer greenhouse.

Research on dynamic characteristics model test scheme for middle pylon of multi-pylon multi-span suspension bridges

Multi-pylon multi-span suspension bridge is a new type super flexible structure system, and the rigidity design of middle pylon is one of the main difficult technical issues. Due to the requirements of longitudinal rigidity, the structural form and the corresponding foundation type of middle pylon are different from those of the ordinary steel pylon, and the complicated dynamic characteristics make the calculation quite difficult. In this article, exploration has been made in selection of similarity ratio and model materials, section simulation, restriction conditions simulation, fixing of mass blocks, fabrication scheme and testing method by taking into account different construction and working conditions such as restriction conditions and working environment of a three-pylon suspension bridge, to conduct the test experimental design of the dynamic behavior of the middle pylon, with the purpose to reveal its dynamic characteristics and make comparison and analysis with theoretical assumptions, to provide basis for anti-wind and anti-seismic design and reference for the design and research of three-pylon two-span suspension bridges in the future.

FE Dynamic Analysis Using Moving Support Element on Multi-Span Beams Subjected to Support Motions

In the present study, finite element dynamic analysis or time history analysis of two-span beams subjected to asynchronous multi-support motions is carried out by using the moving support finite element. The elemental equation of the element is based on total displacements and is derived under the concept of the quasi-static displacement decomposition. The use of moving support element shows that the element is very simple and convenient to represent continuous beam moving, deforming and vibrating simultaneously due to support motions. The comparison between the numerical results and analytical solutions indicates that the FE result agrees with the analytical solution.

Experimental research on the microclimate in the naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouse

In order to further understand the changing laws of environmental factors in large multi-span greenhouses under natural ventilation conditions and the internal relations between various environmental factors,and ultimately improve the precision of microclimate regulation of large multi-span greenhouses.Taking the multi-span greenhouse with a small spire structure in the Demonstration Base of Guangdong Agricultural Technology Extension Station as the research object,under the condition of natural ventilation with butterfly-shaped windows,the changes in temperature,humidity,wind speed and solar light intensity of different monitoring planes in the greenhouse were monitored.After analyzing the monitoring data,it was found that:1)The temperature gradient in the vertical direction in the large multi-span greenhouse is more obvious than that in the small greenhouse,and the highest average temperature difference monitored can reach 7.9℃.The velocity field in the multispan greenhouse is always maintained within the range of 0.3-0.4 m/s,and the ambient wind speed has no effect on the airflow speed in the greenhouse.The humidity and speed in the multi-span greenhouse show good uniformity.2)In a large multi-span greenhouse,the secondary radiation generated by the internal shading has less impact on the area near the ground,which can effectively reduce the ground temperature.3)Under the conditions studied in this research,the temperature and humidity in the greenhouse follow the external environment as well,showing that the greenhouse design is reasonable,and the air renewal and heat exchange inside and outside the greenhouse are good during natural ventilation.

连栋温室分段变距喷雾机器人设计与试验

针对国内连栋温室缺乏植保喷雾机、机械走直定位与换轨转向精度低等问题,设计了一种连栋温室分段变距喷雾机器人,在实现无人化喷药的同时提高作业精度。为满足连栋温室机械作业路轨结合、精准切换的要求,提出一种通用型移动底盘,并确定其关键设计参数;为减少底盘上下轨时的偏移量,设计轨上矫正装置,通过分析计算及试验验证,确定其安装余量为4 mm;针对底盘对轨误差大的问题,提出一种二维码融合陀螺仪及光电传感器双向垂直寻迹的路面关键点定位与转向控制方法。设计分段变距喷雾装置,提出一种丝杆滑台驱动的喷杆变距方案,分析校验其驱动参数以满足工作要求;基于滚针轴承设计喷杆辅助防抖装置,减小因喷杆剧烈抖动带来的滑台与喷杆损伤。开发底盘运动及分段变距喷雾控制系统,实现喷雾机器人在连栋温室内的全程自动化作业。最后,对样机进行底盘性能与喷雾效果试验。底盘作业时直线行走与对轨误差平均值分别为4.8、5.8 mm,满足控制精度要求;避障距离为34 cm,满足安全性要求;防抖装置的安装使喷杆行进方向的抖动量从-1°~1.3°降低到±0.4°内,喷头方向的抖动量从±0.5°降低到±0.3°内,防抖效果显著;分段变距喷雾作业后,盛果期番茄叶片正面雾滴沉积量为1.76μL/cm^(2),反面沉积量为0.2μL/cm^(2),雾滴体积中径在100~180μm之间,满足作业要求。

大跨度桥梁钢桥面板跨尺度疲劳损伤评估方法

大跨度斜拉桥正交异性钢桥面板的顶板与纵肋焊接构造细节在车辆荷载作用下易产生疲劳损伤进而导致服役性能降低、影响行车安全。为评估大跨度桥梁钢桥面板的疲劳性能,提出基于细观损伤力学的大跨度钢桥疲劳损伤跨尺度评估方法;推导了基于细观损伤力学的钢桥面板疲劳损伤演化模型,在此基础上,结合实测交通数据,实现了基于Monte-Carlo法的随机车流模拟;最后,将提出的方法应用于一座大跨度三塔斜拉桥。研究结果表明,大跨度斜拉桥钢桥面板体系焊缝周围区域的累积疲劳损伤程度明显高于桥面板体系的其他部位;顶板与纵肋焊接构造细节的疲劳损伤累积呈现明显的非线性,预测的疲劳寿命远小于Miner线性疲劳损伤累积准则的结果。

Venlo型温室柱脚螺栓节点力学性能

为研究连栋温室柱脚节点尺寸对节点承载力的影响,依托珠海某Venlo型温室项目,基于《混凝土结构设计规范》《化工设备基础设计规定》以及《混凝土结构构造手册》对中柱基础短柱和边柱柱脚节点的构造进行设计,通过数值模拟和节点试验研究了中柱基础短柱柱脚节点的抗弯性能、边柱柱脚节点的抗剪性能以及破坏机理。结果表明:2种节点的屈服荷载和极限荷载随着节点构造尺寸的减小而降低,其破坏过程可划分为3个阶段:弹性阶段、屈服阶段、极限承载力阶段。中柱基础短柱柱脚节点破坏模式为受拉侧混凝土锥形破坏,边柱柱脚节点的破坏模式为混凝土楔形体破坏,研究结果可为连栋温室柱底地脚螺栓节点设计提供参考。

长联大跨钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道静动力适应性研究

研究目的:为研究高速铁路长联大跨钢桁梁桥铺设无砟轨道的适应性,本文以我国首座铺设无砟轨道的长联大跨钢桁梁桥-郑济高铁黄河特大桥为研究对象,基于梁轨相互作用原理建立钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道精细化非线性分析模型,分析无缝线路强度、变形协调性、轨道静态铺设精度指标的变化规律,研究钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道静力适应性;基于车桥耦合动力学理论建立车-轨-桥耦合动力学模型,分析不同温度下的车桥耦合振动及行车性能,研究钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道动力适应性。研究结论:(1)长联大跨钢桁梁桥-无砟轨道体系的无缝线路强度、变形协调性、轨道静态不平顺及行车性能指标等指标均满足规范要求,静动力适应性表现良好;(2)温度梯度对无砟轨道层间压缩量、扣件滑移量影响显著,与整体温差相比,分别增大了51.08%和50.00%;(3)温度梯度劣化轨道静态中短波不平顺,与整体温差相比,10 m弦长、30 m基线长指标分别增大了144.12%和76.06%,60 m弦长指标基本不变;(4)温度梯度对轮重减载率影响显著,对脱轨系数、横向轮轨力等其他安全性和舒适度指标影响较小。

多跨连续梁自由振动的动态有限元分析

利用Timoshenko梁振动微分方程的奇次解,建立了单元任意截面的变形、内力与节点位移的关系,取端点截面的内力得到动态有限元列式。动态有限元具有不依赖网格密度、可准确计算任意阶次的振动频率和振型等特点。利用动态有限元刚度矩阵行列式为0条件,推导出1~4跨等截面等跨径的多跨连续梁频率方程。分析了多跨连续梁的自由振动,结果表明:相应简支梁的频率为多跨连续梁的固有频率、振型经扩展后为多跨连续梁的振型;多跨连续梁的振动有第二频谱现象和梁高振动特征。

跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥地震反应特征与参数分析

为揭示跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥的地震响应规律,以1座4跨简支梁桥为研究对象,基于OpenSees建立了3维动力弹塑性分析模型;采用“分解-叠加”法合成40组跨断层地震动,以多点激励的方式输入到建立的动力分析模型,进行非线性动力时程分析,研究了跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥在地震动作用下的地震反应特征,分析了断层的穿越角度和穿越位置对跨走滑断层多跨简支梁桥地震响应的影响。结果表明:地震动作用下跨走滑断层桥梁结构会发生剧烈的位移反应;断层穿越角度和穿越位置对桥梁地震反应有显著的影响;地震动作用下跨断层简支梁桥的扭转效应不可忽视。

面向小样本抽取式问答的多标签语义校准方法

小样本抽取式问答任务旨在利用文章给定的上下文片段,抽取出真实的答案片段。其基线模型采用的方法只针对跨度进行学习,缺乏对全局语义信息的利用,在含有多组不同重复跨度的实例中存在着理解偏差等问题。为了解决上述问题,该文利用不同层级的语义提出了一种面向小样本抽取式问答任务的多标签语义校准方法。采用包含全局语义信息的头标签和基线模型中的特殊字符构成多标签进行语义融合,并利用语义融合门来控制全局信息流的引入,将全局语义信息融合到特殊字符的语义信息中。然后,利用语义筛选门对新融入的全局语义信息和该特殊字符的原有语义信息进行保留与更替,实现对标签偏差语义的校准。在8个小样本抽取式问答数据集中的56组实验结果表明:该方法在评价指标F1值上均明显优于基线模型,证明了所提方法的有效性和先进性。

大跨度钢结构多点吊装实时结构监测

在大跨度钢结构的吊装施工过程中,易发生工程事故。而传统的监测方法适用范围小,难以协调监测和控制施工,会导致出现许多问题,基于此,建立大跨度钢结构多点吊装结构监测方法。通过采集监测数据,实时输出大跨度钢度结构的挠度、应力、应变、风力和温度等,实现实时监测,确保吊装过程的安全。试验结果表明,对大跨度钢结构进行复合监测可以实现实时监测,且已知最大变形均发生在大跨度钢结构的中线处;人工检测与实时结构监测系统误差范围较小,平均值为2.1%。

不均匀积雪致大跨网架结构局部损伤分析

网架结构管球连接处局部损伤是此类结构的重要安全隐患。在风致雪漂移引起的不均匀积雪荷载作用下,局部损伤会加剧,最终导致结构局部破坏。因此很有必要分析不均匀积雪荷载作用下带伤服役网架结构局部损伤劣化情况。采用CFD数值模拟技术,以一正放四角锥网架结构为研究背景,分析了在90°风向角、12 m/s风速下,持续降雪24 h中网架结构屋面不均匀积雪分布的变化情况,并建立可表征网架结构管球连接处存在裂纹损伤的多尺度模型,分析了网架结构节点存在不同裂纹尺寸局部损伤时,不均匀积雪致网架结构局部损伤劣化程度。结果表明:网架结构风致积雪不均匀程度非常显著,而且当网架结构管球连接处存在局部裂纹损伤时,在降雪中后期,有管球连接损伤的节点大多都出现了不同程度的裂纹扩展,节点为最不利分布的穿透型裂纹时,裂纹扩展最大为15.64 mm。说明在持续特大降雪这种极端荷载作用下,带伤服役网架结构局部损伤将进一步加剧,危及结构使用安全。