Ever since the Bush administration took office, the U. S. national security strategy has given rise to much controversy. Whether the U. S. national security strategy is of unilateralism or multilateralistm is a questi...Ever since the Bush administration took office, the U. S. national security strategy has given rise to much controversy. Whether the U. S. national security strategy is of unilateralism or multilateralistm is a question in dispute. Many people think it is a unilateralist strategy. According to their views, to achieve its own objective, the U. S. administration has rarely considered the interests and feelings of other coun-展开更多
Currently,a new industrial revolution characterized by artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and digitalization is in a critical transition from initiation to allaround expansion.While injecting new dynamism ...Currently,a new industrial revolution characterized by artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and digitalization is in a critical transition from initiation to allaround expansion.While injecting new dynamism into global economic growth,and promoting inclusive development and human welfare,the new industrial revolution will reshape the pattern of international competition,and provide a window period for latemoving countries to compete and catch up with developed nations.Amid the shocks of the new industrial revolution,countries must adhere to the principles of openness,multilateralism and reciprocity to share the dividends of the new industrial revolution and effectively cope with its challenges.Therefore,multilateralism,rather than protectionism and unilateralism,should dominate the mainstream of change in future global governance.The reform of existing multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization(WTO)must proceed under the principle of multilateralism.展开更多
THE G20 Osaka Summit in Japan convened on June 28-29 had the world hold its breath. Not only were front-burner issues, such as WTO reform and digitalization of the economy, discussed there, but there was much fanfare ...THE G20 Osaka Summit in Japan convened on June 28-29 had the world hold its breath. Not only were front-burner issues, such as WTO reform and digitalization of the economy, discussed there, but there was much fanfare around the first high-level meeting between China and the United States since the last G20 summit in Buenos Aires late last year. Given the mounting trade tensions between the two countries, the meeting took global center stage.展开更多
The concept of Globalization 4.0 was first put forward at the World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland in January 2019, and was seen by the international community as a sign that globalization h...The concept of Globalization 4.0 was first put forward at the World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland in January 2019, and was seen by the international community as a sign that globalization has entered a new era.展开更多
When China＇s new president Xi Jinping first introduced the Chinese dream, he said that Chinese dream means the great revival of the Chinese nation （中华民族伟大复兴） （Xinhua Net： http：//news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao...When China＇s new president Xi Jinping first introduced the Chinese dream, he said that Chinese dream means the great revival of the Chinese nation （中华民族伟大复兴） （Xinhua Net： http：//news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2013-05108/c_ 124669102.htm）. This great revival invites people to refer to the most prosperous time of Chinese history, when China had been the greatest nation in the world both economically and militarily. Mr. Wang Yi, the new minister of foreign affairs, has explained that the realization of Chinese dreams, albeit the great revival of the Chinese nation needs a peaceful and stable neighborhood （Wang Yi： Insist on Peaceful Development, Realise the Chinese Dream of Nation＇s Revival： http：// theory.people.com.cn/n/2014/0217/c40531-24378766.html）. Yet now the most prominent threat, as China＇s military and economic powers quickly rise, is the deficiency in trust toward China. This lack of mutual trust is especially important among East Asian countries （Ba and Shen in Jilin Univ J Soc Sci Edit 54（3）： 13-20, 2014, p. 14）, the most direct neighborhood of China. In the article, I will analyze the historical and political origins of mistrust toward China, and argue that multilateralism is a highly possible solution for the problem of trust deficiency. Thus, adopting multilateralism is the key for realizing Chinese dreams, because it generates trusts by regulating states＇ behavior through institutionalization of collaboration.展开更多
Security multilateralism is an important part of global multilateral diplomacy of new China over the past 70 years.In the practice of security multilateralism,China has always been an advocate,promoter and contributor...Security multilateralism is an important part of global multilateral diplomacy of new China over the past 70 years.In the practice of security multilateralism,China has always been an advocate,promoter and contributor of international security common norms.From the perspective of the dominant security concept,China's security multilateral diplomacy has experienced three important stages over the past 70 years,namely,the traditional security concept(1949-1997),the new security concept(1997-2014)and the overall security concept(2014 up to now).At every stage,China has made its own contribution to global multilateralism by advocating and promoting specific security norms.展开更多
Promotion of multilateralism has been one of key Japanese roles.It is not limited to support to the United Nations but also related to the promotion of global and regional free trade in Asia-Pacific.This article shows...Promotion of multilateralism has been one of key Japanese roles.It is not limited to support to the United Nations but also related to the promotion of global and regional free trade in Asia-Pacific.This article shows the result of a research based on Japanese,United States,and Chinese political leaders’statements and behaviors related to economic multilateralism during the second Abe administration.The research uses role theory as a theoretical framework.This article proves that Prime Minister Abe has consistently endorsed multilateralism,deepening economic ties both Asia-Pacific and European countries by examining Japanese,US,and Chinese political leaders’speeches,interviews,and remarks on the media.His foreign policy does not indicate unilateralism or dismissal of international cooperation because he perceives multilateralism is essential for Japan’s prosperity and security.In addition,Abe does not break the ties with the US but it is difficult to say that Japan-China relations improved during his tenure.This is because China’s influence will grow and the importance of Japan will relatively decline in Asia-Pacific.展开更多
During the 1990s India did not show much of an interest in Central Asia and its response to join multilateral organisations in the region had been lukewarm. However, in the last decade or so India＇s approach towards ...During the 1990s India did not show much of an interest in Central Asia and its response to join multilateral organisations in the region had been lukewarm. However, in the last decade or so India＇s approach towards the region has changed substantially and some important landmarks signify this shift. As a scholar interested in the region, the author looks at the reasons for India＇s changing approach to the Central Asian region. With this objective, this paper seeks to highlight the significance of Central Asia for India and defines the strategic interests of India in this region. It also discusses the changing geopolitics of Central Asia from India＇s perspective, various phases in India＇s engagement with the region, including the key dynamics and changing approaches. A proactive Central Asia policy also represents another instance of India＇s shift from being an idealist to a realist power. This paper enables us to understand the extent to which India as an emerging power is prepared to pursue its strategic objectives in the region. At the same time, India＇s willingness in recent years to participate in a multilateral regional organization such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） demonstrates that it is willing to work in a cooperative framework with other key players in the region--Russia and China.展开更多
China’s diplomacy faced many challenges in 2019.In response to strategic competition with the US and the complex and volatile surrounding environment,China took the initiative to shape and guide international develop...China’s diplomacy faced many challenges in 2019.In response to strategic competition with the US and the complex and volatile surrounding environment,China took the initiative to shape and guide international developments.Despite the unilateralism and protectionism of some Western powers,China adhered to multilateralism and promoted global governance through diplomatic events and multilateral diplomacy.China has actively engaged in diplomatic struggles and resolutely safeguarded the unity of sovereignty to deal with outside interference.The 70th anniversary of National Day,an unprecedented occasion,demonstrated the resolve and sincerity of maintaining peace,development and win-win cooperation.For 70 years,China has made significant diplomatic achievements and gained valuable experience.In the future,China will build on past achievements and make persistent efforts.展开更多
China,as a new global power,is expanding its influence across the globe and regions through various strategies and means,including regional and global organizations,in the post-Cold War era.As a result,since the Shang...China,as a new global power,is expanding its influence across the globe and regions through various strategies and means,including regional and global organizations,in the post-Cold War era.As a result,since the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was established in 2001,China,as one of its major founders,had attempted to use the SCO as a platform for influence beyond its borders.This paper aims to investigate China’s growing influence and diplomatic prowess through the SCO.展开更多
on July 26, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Forum on Human Rights, co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, was successfully held in Beijing, with the th...on July 26, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Forum on Human Rights, co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, was successfully held in Beijing, with the theme of “Working Together Towards Fairer, More Equitable, Reasonable and Inclusive Global Human Rights Governance”. About 200 senior officials, experts, and scholars from more than 70 countries and international organizations delivered fruitful results in five parallel sessions on Sustainable Development and Human Rights protection, Democracy and Human Rights protection, public Health Security and Human Rights protection, Multilateralism and Global Human Rights Governance, and open and Inclusive Development and Human Rights protection.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,the...Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,thereby,it is crucial to develop,select and apply the optimum DCTs for each diferent CBM reservoir.This paper frstly reviews the development history of CBM DCTs throughout worldwide and clarifes its overall development tendency.Secondly,diferent well types and its characteristics of CBM exploitation are summarized,and main application scopes of these well types are also discussed.Then,the key technologies of CBM drilling(directional drilling tools,measurement while drilling,geo-steering drilling,magnetic guidance drilling,underbalanced drilling and drilling fuids),and the key technologies of CBM completion(open-hole,cavity and under-ream completion,cased-hole completion,screen pipe completion and horizontal well completion)are summarized and analyzed,it is found that safe,economic and efcient development of CBM is inseparable from the support of advanced technologies.Finally,based on the current status of CBM development,the achievements,existing challenges and future prospects are summarized and discussed from the perspective of CBM DCTs.展开更多
In order to accurately predict the productivity of herringbone multilateral well,a new productivity prediction model was founded.And based on this model,orthogonal test and multiple factor variance analysis were appli...In order to accurately predict the productivity of herringbone multilateral well,a new productivity prediction model was founded.And based on this model,orthogonal test and multiple factor variance analysis were applied to study optimization design of herringbone multilateral well.According to the characteristics of herringbone multilateral well,by using pressure superposition and mirror image reflection theory,the coupled model of herringbone multilateral well was developed on the basis of a three-dimensional pseudo-pressure distribution model for horizontal wells.The model was formulated in consideration of friction loss,acceleration loss of the wellbore and mixed loss at the confluence of main wellbore and branched one.After mathematical simulation on productivity of the herringbone multilateral well with the coupled model,the effects of well configuration on productivity were analyzed.The results show that lateral number is the most important factor,length of main wellbore and length of branched wellbore are the secondary ones,angle between main and branched one has the least influence.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support th...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
This paper presents the estimation of three-dimensional volumetric errors of a machining center by using a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer is a laser interferometer with the mechanism to steer the l...This paper presents the estimation of three-dimensional volumetric errors of a machining center by using a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer is a laser interferometer with the mechanism to steer the laser direction to follow a target retroreflector. Based on the triangulation principle, the three-dimensional position of the target can be estimated from measured laser displacements. Its capability to measure three-dimensional positioning errors for arbitrary trajectories is important for the indirect measurement of the machine＇s kinematic model. This paper presents experimental investigation of the estimation accuracy of the multilateration-based measurement by a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer developed by a part of the authors is used in experiments. In the present experiment, the measured volume of target positions was 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm. The estimation accuracy of targets within this volume was not sufficiently high compared to the positioning error of the measured machine tool. The results of the experiment and simulation show that the estimation uncertainty is dependent on tracking interferometer locations relative to target locations. Error sensitivity analysis shows that wider distribution of tracker positions in XY improves the estimation accuracy.展开更多
By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu X...By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.展开更多
文摘Ever since the Bush administration took office, the U. S. national security strategy has given rise to much controversy. Whether the U. S. national security strategy is of unilateralism or multilateralistm is a question in dispute. Many people think it is a unilateralist strategy. According to their views, to achieve its own objective, the U. S. administration has rarely considered the interests and feelings of other coun-
文摘Currently,a new industrial revolution characterized by artificial intelligence,the internet of things,and digitalization is in a critical transition from initiation to allaround expansion.While injecting new dynamism into global economic growth,and promoting inclusive development and human welfare,the new industrial revolution will reshape the pattern of international competition,and provide a window period for latemoving countries to compete and catch up with developed nations.Amid the shocks of the new industrial revolution,countries must adhere to the principles of openness,multilateralism and reciprocity to share the dividends of the new industrial revolution and effectively cope with its challenges.Therefore,multilateralism,rather than protectionism and unilateralism,should dominate the mainstream of change in future global governance.The reform of existing multilateral organizations such as the World Trade Organization(WTO)must proceed under the principle of multilateralism.
文摘THE G20 Osaka Summit in Japan convened on June 28-29 had the world hold its breath. Not only were front-burner issues, such as WTO reform and digitalization of the economy, discussed there, but there was much fanfare around the first high-level meeting between China and the United States since the last G20 summit in Buenos Aires late last year. Given the mounting trade tensions between the two countries, the meeting took global center stage.
文摘The concept of Globalization 4.0 was first put forward at the World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, Switzerland in January 2019, and was seen by the international community as a sign that globalization has entered a new era.
文摘When China＇s new president Xi Jinping first introduced the Chinese dream, he said that Chinese dream means the great revival of the Chinese nation （中华民族伟大复兴） （Xinhua Net： http：//news.xinhuanet.com/ziliao/2013-05108/c_ 124669102.htm）. This great revival invites people to refer to the most prosperous time of Chinese history, when China had been the greatest nation in the world both economically and militarily. Mr. Wang Yi, the new minister of foreign affairs, has explained that the realization of Chinese dreams, albeit the great revival of the Chinese nation needs a peaceful and stable neighborhood （Wang Yi： Insist on Peaceful Development, Realise the Chinese Dream of Nation＇s Revival： http：// theory.people.com.cn/n/2014/0217/c40531-24378766.html）. Yet now the most prominent threat, as China＇s military and economic powers quickly rise, is the deficiency in trust toward China. This lack of mutual trust is especially important among East Asian countries （Ba and Shen in Jilin Univ J Soc Sci Edit 54（3）： 13-20, 2014, p. 14）, the most direct neighborhood of China. In the article, I will analyze the historical and political origins of mistrust toward China, and argue that multilateralism is a highly possible solution for the problem of trust deficiency. Thus, adopting multilateralism is the key for realizing Chinese dreams, because it generates trusts by regulating states＇ behavior through institutionalization of collaboration.
文摘Security multilateralism is an important part of global multilateral diplomacy of new China over the past 70 years.In the practice of security multilateralism,China has always been an advocate,promoter and contributor of international security common norms.From the perspective of the dominant security concept,China's security multilateral diplomacy has experienced three important stages over the past 70 years,namely,the traditional security concept(1949-1997),the new security concept(1997-2014)and the overall security concept(2014 up to now).At every stage,China has made its own contribution to global multilateralism by advocating and promoting specific security norms.
文摘Promotion of multilateralism has been one of key Japanese roles.It is not limited to support to the United Nations but also related to the promotion of global and regional free trade in Asia-Pacific.This article shows the result of a research based on Japanese,United States,and Chinese political leaders’statements and behaviors related to economic multilateralism during the second Abe administration.The research uses role theory as a theoretical framework.This article proves that Prime Minister Abe has consistently endorsed multilateralism,deepening economic ties both Asia-Pacific and European countries by examining Japanese,US,and Chinese political leaders’speeches,interviews,and remarks on the media.His foreign policy does not indicate unilateralism or dismissal of international cooperation because he perceives multilateralism is essential for Japan’s prosperity and security.In addition,Abe does not break the ties with the US but it is difficult to say that Japan-China relations improved during his tenure.This is because China’s influence will grow and the importance of Japan will relatively decline in Asia-Pacific.
文摘During the 1990s India did not show much of an interest in Central Asia and its response to join multilateral organisations in the region had been lukewarm. However, in the last decade or so India＇s approach towards the region has changed substantially and some important landmarks signify this shift. As a scholar interested in the region, the author looks at the reasons for India＇s changing approach to the Central Asian region. With this objective, this paper seeks to highlight the significance of Central Asia for India and defines the strategic interests of India in this region. It also discusses the changing geopolitics of Central Asia from India＇s perspective, various phases in India＇s engagement with the region, including the key dynamics and changing approaches. A proactive Central Asia policy also represents another instance of India＇s shift from being an idealist to a realist power. This paper enables us to understand the extent to which India as an emerging power is prepared to pursue its strategic objectives in the region. At the same time, India＇s willingness in recent years to participate in a multilateral regional organization such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） demonstrates that it is willing to work in a cooperative framework with other key players in the region--Russia and China.
文摘China’s diplomacy faced many challenges in 2019.In response to strategic competition with the US and the complex and volatile surrounding environment,China took the initiative to shape and guide international developments.Despite the unilateralism and protectionism of some Western powers,China adhered to multilateralism and promoted global governance through diplomatic events and multilateral diplomacy.China has actively engaged in diplomatic struggles and resolutely safeguarded the unity of sovereignty to deal with outside interference.The 70th anniversary of National Day,an unprecedented occasion,demonstrated the resolve and sincerity of maintaining peace,development and win-win cooperation.For 70 years,China has made significant diplomatic achievements and gained valuable experience.In the future,China will build on past achievements and make persistent efforts.
文摘China,as a new global power,is expanding its influence across the globe and regions through various strategies and means,including regional and global organizations,in the post-Cold War era.As a result,since the Shanghai Cooperation Organization(SCO)was established in 2001,China,as one of its major founders,had attempted to use the SCO as a platform for influence beyond its borders.This paper aims to investigate China’s growing influence and diplomatic prowess through the SCO.
文摘on July 26, 2022, the 2022 Beijing Forum on Human Rights, co-organized by the China Society for Human Rights Studies and the China Foundation for Human Rights Development, was successfully held in Beijing, with the theme of “Working Together Towards Fairer, More Equitable, Reasonable and Inclusive Global Human Rights Governance”. About 200 senior officials, experts, and scholars from more than 70 countries and international organizations delivered fruitful results in five parallel sessions on Sustainable Development and Human Rights protection, Democracy and Human Rights protection, public Health Security and Human Rights protection, Multilateralism and Global Human Rights Governance, and open and Inclusive Development and Human Rights protection.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
基金supported by the Youth Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Foundation of Southwest Petroleum University(2019CXTD09)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Chinese Universities(111 Plan)(D18016).
文摘Coalbed methane(CBM)drilling and completion technologies(DCTs)are signifcant basis for achieving efcient CBM exploration and exploitation.Characteristics of CBM reservoirs vary in diferent regions around the world,thereby,it is crucial to develop,select and apply the optimum DCTs for each diferent CBM reservoir.This paper frstly reviews the development history of CBM DCTs throughout worldwide and clarifes its overall development tendency.Secondly,diferent well types and its characteristics of CBM exploitation are summarized,and main application scopes of these well types are also discussed.Then,the key technologies of CBM drilling(directional drilling tools,measurement while drilling,geo-steering drilling,magnetic guidance drilling,underbalanced drilling and drilling fuids),and the key technologies of CBM completion(open-hole,cavity and under-ream completion,cased-hole completion,screen pipe completion and horizontal well completion)are summarized and analyzed,it is found that safe,economic and efcient development of CBM is inseparable from the support of advanced technologies.Finally,based on the current status of CBM development,the achievements,existing challenges and future prospects are summarized and discussed from the perspective of CBM DCTs.
基金Project(12521044) supported by Scientific and Technological Research Program of Heilongjiang Provincial Education Department,China
文摘In order to accurately predict the productivity of herringbone multilateral well,a new productivity prediction model was founded.And based on this model,orthogonal test and multiple factor variance analysis were applied to study optimization design of herringbone multilateral well.According to the characteristics of herringbone multilateral well,by using pressure superposition and mirror image reflection theory,the coupled model of herringbone multilateral well was developed on the basis of a three-dimensional pseudo-pressure distribution model for horizontal wells.The model was formulated in consideration of friction loss,acceleration loss of the wellbore and mixed loss at the confluence of main wellbore and branched one.After mathematical simulation on productivity of the herringbone multilateral well with the coupled model,the effects of well configuration on productivity were analyzed.The results show that lateral number is the most important factor,length of main wellbore and length of branched wellbore are the secondary ones,angle between main and branched one has the least influence.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
文摘This paper presents the estimation of three-dimensional volumetric errors of a machining center by using a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer is a laser interferometer with the mechanism to steer the laser direction to follow a target retroreflector. Based on the triangulation principle, the three-dimensional position of the target can be estimated from measured laser displacements. Its capability to measure three-dimensional positioning errors for arbitrary trajectories is important for the indirect measurement of the machine＇s kinematic model. This paper presents experimental investigation of the estimation accuracy of the multilateration-based measurement by a tracking interferometer. A tracking interferometer developed by a part of the authors is used in experiments. In the present experiment, the measured volume of target positions was 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm. The estimation accuracy of targets within this volume was not sufficiently high compared to the positioning error of the measured machine tool. The results of the experiment and simulation show that the estimation uncertainty is dependent on tracking interferometer locations relative to target locations. Error sensitivity analysis shows that wider distribution of tracker positions in XY improves the estimation accuracy.
文摘By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.
