Analysis of multimodality in PPT teaching discourse

Computer technology-based PPT is usually conceived as a tool for information transmission and presentation rather than as a type of discourse. Much focus of the previous study on PPT is concerned with its development, design and application. However, PPT itself may actually be regarded as a multimodal discourse comprising multisemiotics, such as linguistic signs, image, graph, sound, color and their interrelated layouts, etc.. So the article attempts to make a multimodal analysis of College English PPT discourse via the principle of reading images by Kress and van Leeuwen in 1996, aiming to present a different angle of interpreting the meaning of composition anchored in PPT.

Ultra-sensitive Nanoprobe Modified with Tumor Cell Membrane for UCL/MRI/PET Multimodality Precise Imaging of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC)is a subtype of breast cancer in which the estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor are not expressed,and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is not amplified or overexpressed either,which make the clinical diagnosis and treatment very challenging.Molecular imaging can provide an effective way to diagnose TNBC.Upconversion nanoparticles(UCNPs),are a promising new generation of molecular imaging probes.However,UCNPs still need to be improved for tumor-targeting ability and biocompatibility.This study describes a novel probe based on cancer cell membrane-coated upconversion nanoparticles(CCm-UCNPs),owing to the low immunogenicity and homologous-targeting ability of cancer cell membranes,and modified multifunctional UCNPs.This probe exhibits excellent performance in breast cancer molecular classification and TNBC diagnosis through UCL/MRI/PET tri-modality imaging in vivo.By using this probe,MDA-MB-231 was successfully differentiated between MCF-7 tumor models in vivo.Based on the tumor imaging and molecular classification results,the probe is also expected to be modified for drug delivery in the future,contributing to the treatment of TNBC.The combination of nanoparticles with biomimetic cell membranes has the potential for multiple clinical applications.

Multimodality management of gallbladder cancer can lead to a better outcome:Experience from a tertiary care oncology centre in North India

BACKGROUND Surgical resection is a treatment of choice for gallbladder cancer(GBC)patients but only 10%of patients have a resectable disease at presentation.Even after surgical resection,overall survival(OS)has been poor due to high rates of recurrence.Combination of surgery and systemic therapy can improve outcomes in this aggressive disease.AIM To summarize our single-center experience with multimodality management of resectable GBC patients.METHODS Data of all patients undergoing surgery for suspected GBC from January 2012 to December 2018 was retrieved from a prospectively maintained electronic database.Information extracted included demographics,operative and perioperative details,histopathology,neoadjuvant/adjuvant therapy,follow-up,and recurrence.To know the factors associated with recurrence and OS,univariate and multivariate analysis was done using log rank test and cox proportional hazard analysis for categorical and continuous variables,respectively.Multivariate analysis was done using multiple regression analysis.RESULTS Of 274 patients with GBC taken up for surgical resection,172(62.7%)were female and the median age was 56 years.On exploration,102 patients were found to have a metastatic or unresectable disease(distant metastasis in 66 and locally unresectable in 34).Of 172 patients who finally underwent surgery,93(54%)underwent wedge resection followed by anatomical segment IVb/V resection in 66(38.4%)and modified extended right hepatectomy in 12(7%)patients.The postoperative mortality at 90 d was 4.6%.During a median follow-up period of 20 mo,71(41.2%)patients developed recurrence.Estimated 1-,3-,and 5-years OS rates were 86.5%,56%,and 43.5%,respectively.Estimated 1-and 3-year disease free survival(DFS)rates were 75%and 49.2%,respectively.On multivariate analysis,inferior OS was seen with pT3/T4 tumor(P=0.0001),perineural invasion(P=0.0096),and R+resection(P=0.0125).However,only pT3/T4 tumors were associated with a poor DFS(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION Multimodality treatment significantly improves the 5-year survival rate of patients with GBC up to 43%.R+resection,higher T stage,and perineural invasion adversely affect the outcome and should be considered for systemic therapy in addition to surgery to optimize the outcomes.Multimodality treatment of GBC has potential to improve the survival of GBC patients.

Multimodality treatment of potentially curative gastric cancer: Geographical variations and future prospects

After much controversy, multimodality therapy is now accepted worldwide as the gold standard for treatment of resectable bulky localized gastric cancer. There is significant regional variation in the style of multimodality treatment with adjuvant chemoradiation the North American standard, neoadjuvant chemotherapy preferred in Europe and Australasia, whilst adjuvant chemotherapy is preferred in Asia. With further standardization of surgery and D1+/D2 resections increasingly accepted world wide, and in particular in the West, as the surgical standard of care for potentially curable disease, it is timely to reassess the multimodality regimes being used. The challenge in the use of multimodality therapy is how current outcomes can be standardized and improved further. Recent studies indicate that mere intensification of the regime in time, dosage or addition of further agents does not improve localized gastric cancer outcomes. More novel strategies including early commencement of adjuvant therapies, intra-peritoneal chemotherapy or assessing neoadjuvant response with positron emission tomography scanning may give improvements in outcomes. The introduction of targeted therapies means that the adjuvant use of biological agents needs to be explored. By proper assessment of the patient&#x02019;s co-morbidities, full tumour staging, and a better understanding of the tumour&#x02019;s molecular pathology, multimodality therapy for gastric adenocarcinoma may be individualized to optimize the likelihood of cure.

Advanced multimodality imaging of inflammatory bowel disease in 2015: An update

The diagnosis and effective management of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) requires a combination clinical, endoscopic, histological, biological, and imaging data. While endoscopy and biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of IBD, imaging plays a central role in the assessment of extra mural disease, in disease surveillance and in the assessment of response to medical treatments, which are often expensive. Imaging is also vital in the detection and diagnosis of disease related complications, both acute and chronic. In this review, we will describe, with illustrative images, the imaging features of IBD in adults, with emphasis on upto-date imaging techniques focusing predominantly on cross sectional imaging and new magnetic resonance imaging techniques.

Multimodality Prediction of Chaotic Time Series with Sparse Hard-Cut EM Learning of the Gaussian Process Mixture Model

The contribution of this work is twofold： （1） a multimodality prediction method of chaotic time series with the Gaussian process mixture （GPM） model is proposed, which employs a divide and conquer strategy. It automatically divides the chaotic time series into multiple modalities with different extrinsic patterns and intrinsic characteristics, and thus can more precisely fit the chaotic time series. （2） An effective sparse hard-cut expec- tation maximization （SHC-EM） learning algorithm for the GPM model is proposed to improve the prediction performance. SHO-EM replaces a large learning sample set with fewer pseudo inputs, accelerating model learning based on these pseudo inputs. Experiments on Lorenz and Chua time series demonstrate that the proposed method yields not only accurate multimodality prediction, but also the prediction confidence interval SHC-EM outperforms the traditional variational 1earning in terms of both prediction accuracy and speed. In addition, SHC-EM is more robust and insusceptible to noise than variational learning.

Prediction of Response to Multimodality Treatment inEsophageal Cancer

Patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer have a dismal prognosis when treated exclu- sively by surgery. This fact prompted many investigators to apply neoadjuvant treatment strategies in an e?ort to improve survival. Results from phase III randomized trials are encouraging however, they revealed 五笔字型计算机汉字输入技术 that only patients with major histopathological response will bene?t from treatment. Therefore, predic- tive molecular markers indicating response or non-response to neoadjuvant treatment would be extremely helpful in selecting patients for current and future treatment protocols. In this paper we review the role of the molecular markers ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementing 1 gene) and c-erbB-2 (synonym: HER2/neu) in predicting response to radiochemotherapy and outcome for patients with locally advanced resectable esophageal cancers (cT2-4, Nx, M0). The results are promising and it appears that we might expect to unequivocally identify with ERCC1 and c-erbB-2 respectively, approximately up to one third of patients who ful?l the criteria for neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced esophageal cancer but will not bene?t from our treatment protocol. Integration of such markers in the clinical setting might prevent a substantial number of patients from expensive, non-e?ective and potentially harmful therapies, and could lead to a more individualized type of combined multimodality treatment in the near future.

Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic valve endocarditis:A contemporary narrative review

Infective endocarditis is one of the leading life-threatening infections around the world.With the exponential growth in the field of transcatheter interventions and advances in specialized surgical techniques,the number of prosthetic valves and cardiac implantable devices has significantly increased.This has led to a steep rise in the number of cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE)comprising up to 30%of all cases.Clinical guidelines rely on the use of the modified Duke criteria;however,the diagnostic sensitivity of the modified Duke criteria is reduced in the context of PVE.This is in part attributed to prosthesis related artifact which greatly affects the ability of echocardiography to detect early infective changes related to PVE in certain cases.There has been increasing recognition of the roles of complementary imaging modalities and updates in international society recommendations.Prompt diagnosis and treatment can prevent the devastating consequences of this condition.Imaging modalities such as cardiac computed tomography and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography are diagnostic tools that provide a complementary role to echocardiography in aiding diagnosis,pre-operative planning,and treatment decisionmaking process in these challenging cases.Understanding the strengths and limitations of these adjuvant imaging modalities is crucial for the implementation of appropriate imaging modalities in clinical practice.

Significance of Multimodality Therapy in Patients with a Superior Sulcus Tumor of the Lung: A Review Article

Despite the aggressive pursuit of diagnostic and treatment modalities for lung cancer, the treatment outcomes are still not satisfactory, and even patients with surgically resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are often at considerable risk of suffering recurrence and/or death from lung cancer. Regarding the treatment of patients with locally advanced, resectable NSCLC, several retrospective and prospective studies have shown the significance of multimodality treatments with preoperative chemoradiotherapy and surgical treatment. However, no definitive treatment strategies for locally advanced NSCLC patients have yet been established. One of the reasons for the lack of established treatment strategies for patients with locally advanced NSCLC is considered to be the heterogeneity of the population, i.e., cT4N0, cT3-4N1 and cT1a-3N2 tumors are included in stage IIIA disease, and superior sulcus tumors (SSTs) are also included in this classification. With regard to SST, two representative prospective phase II trials indicated the efficacy of surgical treatment following concurrent radiation and chemotherapy. In a study conducted by the Southwest Oncology Group, 110 patients with superior sulcus NSCLC were treated with two cycles of cisplatin and etoposide concurrently with 45 gray (Gy) of radiation, followed by surgical treatment and two additional cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively. The response rate (RR) to the preoperative chemoradiotherapy was 86%, and 83 patients (76%) were able to undergo complete resection. A pathological complete response (CR) was observed in 61 patients (56%), and the five-year survival of all patients and those undergoing complete resection was 44% and 54%, respectively. A phase II study conducted by the Japan Clinical Oncology Group examined the safety and efficacy of preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy using mitomycin, vinblastin and cisplatin followed by surgical treatment. Seventy-six patients with SST were enrolled in this study, and all received chemotherapy using two cycles of MVP concurrently with 45 Gy of radiation, followed by surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy resulted in a 61% RR, and pathological complete resection was successfully achieved in 51 patients (68%). A pathological CR was observed in 12 patients (16%), and the disease-free and overall survival rates at five years were 45% and 56%, respectively. Both studies showed the efficacy and tolerability of the multimodality treatment for SST, thus suggesting that multimodality treatment with preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery may therefore be an effective treatment for resectable SST. We herein review the results of retrospective and prospective studies while assessing the treatment outcomes of NSCLC patients with SST.

Multimodality Treatment for Thymic Carcinoma: Review of 11 Cases at a Single Institute

Background: We reported our experience with thymic carcinomas and review their clinical features, treatment strategies, and prognoses. Methods: From April 1998 to November 2012, 11 patients pathologically diagnosed with thymic carcinoma and treated in our hospital were investigated. Results: There were 7 men and 4 women, with a median age of 62 years (range, 35 - 72). According to the Masaoka staging system, 3 patients had stage II, 1 stage III disease, 3 stage IVa disease and 4 stage IVb disease. Ten patients had squamous cell carcinoma, whereas 1 had large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC). We performed surgery or multimodality therapy including surgery as the initial therapy for 8 patients. Of the non-surgical cases, 1 patient received chemoradiotherapy and survived for over 6 years without recurrence, whereas 2 received palliative care. Three of 4 patients who underwent complete resection survived without disease recurrence, whereas only 1 patient with LCNEC survived in the incomplete resection group. Multimodality therapy with cisplatin and docetaxel was provided to 3 patients, and recurrence has not been observed in any of the cases. Conclusions: Favorable outcomes could be achieved in patients with thymic carcinoma who underwent intensive treatment. In particular, surgery combined with cisplatin and docetaxel plus thoracic irradiation may be an attractive approach for thymic carcinoma.

Novel contributions of multimodality imaging in hypertension:A narrative review

Hypertension is currently one of the most prevalent il nesses worldwide,and is the second most common cause of heart failure,only behind ischemic cardiomyopathy.The development of novel multimodality imaging techniques in recent years has broadened the diagnostic methods,risk stratification and monitoring of treatment of cardiovascular diseases available for clinicians.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CMR) has a great capacity to evaluate cardiac dimensions and ventricular function,is extremely useful in ruling-out ischemic cardiomyopathy,the evaluation of the vascular system,in making the differential diagnosis for resistant hypertension and risk stratification for hypertensive cardiomyopathy and constitutes today,the method of choice to evaluate left ventricular systolic function.Computed tomography(CT) is the method of choice for the evaluation of vascular anatomy,including coronary arteries,and is also able to provide both functional and structural information.Finally,nuclear cardiology studies have been traditionally used to evaluate myocardial ischemia,along with offering the capacity to evaluate ventricular,endothelial and cardiac innervation function;information that is key in directing the treatment of the patient.In this narrative review,the most recent contributions of multimodality imaging to the patient with hypertension(CMR,CT and nuclear cardiology) will be reviewed.

Multimodality treatment of recurrent pancreatic cancer: Mith or reality?

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth cause of cancerrelated death in the United States. Surgery is the only potentially curative treatment, but most patients present at diagnosis with unresectable or metastatic disease. Moreover, even with an R0 resection, the majority of patients will die of disease recurrence. Most recurrencesoccur in the first 2-year after pancreatic resection, and are commonly located in the abdomen, even if distant metastases can occur. Recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma remains a significant therapeutic challenge, due to the limited role of surgery and radiochemotherapy. Surgical management of recurrence is usually unreliable because tumor relapse typically presents as a technically unresectable, or as multifocal disease with an aggressive growth. Therefore, treatment of patients with recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma has historically been limited to palliative chemotherapy or supportive care. Only few data are available in the Literature about this issue, even if in recent years more studies have been published to determine whether treatment after recurrence have any effect on patients outcome. Recent therapeutic advances have demonstrated the potential to improve survival in selected patients who had undergone resection for pancreatic cancer. Multimodality management of recurrent pancreatic carcinoma may lead to better survival and quality of life in a small but significant percentage of patients; however, more and larger studies are needed to clarify the role of the different therapeutic options and the optimal way to combine them.

Multimodality Imaging Training for General and Advanced Cardiology Fellowships

With the growth in multimodality imaging technology,there is heightened interest in advanced imaging training within the cardiology fellow community.The ideal training models for multimodality imaging remain to be determined and there are uncertainties about the manpower needs for cardiologists with advanced multimodality imaging expertise.This commentary discusses several areas pertaining to training of cardiology fellows in multimodality imaging.

A huge thrombosed aneurysm of a saphenous vein graft leading to compression of cardiac structures： role of multimodality imaging

Aneurysmal change of saphenous vein grafts （SVG） is a rare condition that predominantly develops 10-20 years after coronary artery bypass graft （CABG）. Natural course includes mechanical complications due to mass effect, myocardial infarction and aneurysmal rupture. Aneurysmectomy can be considered when it induces such complications. We demonstrate complete set of diagnosis, treatment and post-operative imaging of a huge SVG aneurysm that was successfully treated with surgical resection.

Television Programs for Teenagers and the Use of Multimodality in Knowledge Popularization

The aim of this work is to study the interaction of spoken words and images that are used within programs targeted to popularize knowledge among teenagers. We will look into the program Bit@bit developed by Television de Catalunya, which is intended to disseminate computer concepts, tools and procedures. In this kind of program, one can find spoken language （on/off screen voices, interviews, etc.）, other oral material （sounds, music, songs）, written language （descriptions, title sequences, inserts and Uniform Resource Locator, or electronic addresses）, and other visual material （film cut images, advertising, other TV programs, cartoons, films, both location or studio images, depicting reality, or computer screens, or logotypes）. The profusion of multimodal elements used in this program helps to keep the young audience＇s attention. The use of references to their world or knowledge, as a target group, is based on interplay among different semiotic strategies. At the same time, the entire program＇s multi-segmentation into short video clips, combined with a fast paced sound track helps its audience to understand the specialized explanations presented. Of all the multimodal wealth that the program presents, we will concentrate only on the relationship between the words and the images （leaving other secondary semiotics to one side）, the main strategy for achieving the objective of transmitting knowledge and winning adolescent audiences.

Teaching Research on Ideology and Politics of "New Horizon College English" proceeding from multimodality

Based on the multimodal theory,this article designs a theme teaching in one unit of college English course ideology and politics which is about”Spend or save-The student’s dilemma”.The new instructional design incorporates Mao Zedong’s quotations,Xi Jinping’s speaking and habit of saving,and celebrity saving stories in regular college English teaching,and adds three specific multimodal designs of teachers’teaching,students’learning,and teaching evaluation.Multi-modal teaching mainly performs as various modal angles other than language and pictures,practical cases in teaching design.

Multimodality imaging in nanomedicine and nanotheranostics

Accurate diagnosis of tumors needs much detailed information. However, available single imaging modality cannot provide complete or comprehensive data. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology to medicine, and multimodality imaging based on nanoparticles has been receiving extensive attention. This new hybrid imaging technology could provide complementary information from different imaging modalities using only a single injection of contrast agent. In this review, we introduce recent developments in multifunctional nanoparticles and their biomedical applications to multimodal imaging and theragnosis as nanomedicine. Most of the reviewed studies are based on the intrinsic properties of nanoparticles and their application in clinical imaging technology. The imaging techniques include positron emission tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging, and ultrasound imaging.

Multimodality evoked potentials in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning

Objective： To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Methods： The tibial nerve somatosensory evoked potentials （SEPs）, vision evoked potentials （VEPs）, and brain stem audition evoked potentials（BAEPs） were performed in 32 healthy adults and 43 patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Results： This paper indicated abnormalities of tibial nerve SEPs in 31 patients （31/43, 72.1%）, VEPs in 17 patients （17/28, 60.7%）, and BAEPs in 14, patients （14/43, 32.6%）. These results showed that the greatest diagnostic value was SEPs, followed by VEPs and, BAEPs with the lowest sensitivity. Conclusion： Multimodality evoked potentials （EPs） can be used for evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic values in cases of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

"The soro-soke[speak up]generation":multimodality and appraisal choices in selected#EndSars civil protest-related memes in Nigeria

This paper explores the deployment of multimodal elements as appraisal resources in#Endsars civil unrest-related memes in Nigerian social media space(WhatsApp and Twitter)to express affective meanings and intersubjective positioning.The study investigates how both verbal and non-verbal elements are deployed as appraisal resources to evaluate the trajectory of the protest.The data,which comprise thirty purposively selected Internet memes,collected between October and December,2020,were analysed qualitatively.The study shows that the meme producers,through the use of multimodal concepts such as symbolic,analytical,action,reactional processes,offer and salience,among others,project various expressions of affect,judgement and appreciation of things to create important narratives in the memes.Thus,the verbal elements are graded/upscaled through the non-verbal elements in the memes to evoke specific reactions,positive/negative,which signal intersubjective positioning about the protest and relevant social actors.The study concludes that meme producers effectively utilize multimodal elements to interrogate various expressions of attitude and inter-subjective opinions that Nigerians made about the protest and its management by the Nigerian government.

Photographs and Cartoons: Differences in Interpretation of the Visual Semiotics

This study looks at the interaction between the process of intersemiosis and resemiosis in multimodality. The importance of both phases is widely acknowledged as part of the meaning making process but many practical studies focus on the first rather than the second. In particular this study looks at two groups of images about gender relations in Saudi Arabia following the post-2017 reforms of the male guardianship laws. One group are mostly made up of photographs and the second group of cartoons and posters. One important finding is that the latter tend to be less ambiguous in their semiotic structure than the former. In particular, there are instances in the first group where a standard study of intersemiosis indicates low modality but the image may be seen as inherently plausible by many observers. This suggests that while resemiosis can be applied to a single image it may be more appropriate as a tool when applied to an overall news article or set of images. In the same way that not all individual semiotic modes are complementary in how they build meaning, then it is possible for different images to be supportive, contradictory or unclear when studied in isolation.