Naming and Distribution of Traditional Mountain Settlements in Mentougou in Western Beijing

Settlement naming is an important carrier of settlement society and culture,carries regional culture,historical information,beliefs and other information,and is an important clue to understand regional culture and development characteristics.In this paper,the naming of traditional mountain settlements in Mentougou in western Beijing was studied through literature review and field research,and the correlation between the naming and distribution characteristics of the settlements was discussed to provide reference for the protection and construction of mountain settlements in Mentougou.

移动互联网Naming网络技术的发展

现有互联网架构缺乏统一的主机标识描述处理机制,难以满足应用业务和网络的多样性需求。本文从现有业务需求出发,研究了网络的中期发展趋势,提出了网络演进过程中衍生的技术问题以及移动互联网Naming网络技术发展的特点、适用场景。

Naming Game模型的研究进展及应用

Naming Game模型揭示了智能主体如何通过自组织达成共识,进而促成语言体系的形成。介绍该模型的基本情况和发展脉络,并指出其在语言学、社会学和经济管理领域的应用前景。

空间网络的标度性质对Naming Game演化行为的影响

鉴于社会网络结构对于信息传播、共识形成等社会行为的重要影响,在有限能量约束条件下,通过添加距离服从幂律分布的长程连边,构造出具有标度性质的空间网络。在此空间网络上,讨论了引入无意收听机制的Naming Game模型的演化行为。研究发现,存在一个最优的幂指数,使得该空间网络上的Naming Game模型收敛时间最短,当能量约束足够大时,这一最优幂指数趋于1.5附近。本研究说明,社会关系网络中的空间性质对于社会集体认同的形成有很大的影响。

Research on the Next Generation Naming System

Academia has recently proposed new naming systems based on flat Distributed Hash Table （DHT）. These naming systems are designed to overcome defects--such as lack of support for data migration and replication--in the Domain Name System （DNS）. DHT naming systems have long resolution delay and are not suitable for practical application. This paper introduces two new naming systems that have the advantages of both DNS and DHT systems. The first is a three-layer system based on one-hop DHT and is suitable for small-scale application. The second adopts a hybrid DHT structure, can be implemented in different domains, and can be applied globally. Theoretical analyses demonstrate that these two systems are feasible for practical use.

A Cognitive Study of the Naming Elements of Chinese Dish Names Based on the Prominence Principle

The assortedness of Chinese food,together with the complexity of their naming elements,has ignited numerous scholars' interests in this field and prompted them to make abundant analyses of Chinese dish names.Most of them,however,were done in studies of traditional linguistics,rhetoric,translatology and cross-cultural communication.And studies,based on corpus,on the naming elements of Chinese dishes under cognitive linguistic theories almost remain a blank.This paper aims to conduct a quantitative analysis of 4,000 Chinese dish names(500 ones selected freely from each of the eight cuisines),based on the Prominence Principle,in order to identify the specific naming elements of Chinese dishes and forward related statistics and ratios.

Development of Orthographic Awareness, Morphological Awareness and Rapid Automatized Naming of Elementary-level Students in China： A Longitudinal Analysis from Grades 1 to 4

The longitudinal study sought to examine the dynamic development of cognitive skills for reading among elementary-level students in China's Mainland. Two groups of students in first （n=164, mean age=6.65 years at first test） and second grade （n=202, mean age=7.73 years at first test） were followed on orthographic awareness, morphological awareness and rapid automatized naming （RAN） for two years. The children exhibited significant improvement in orthographic awareness, morphological awareness and RAN from grades 1 to 4. More importantly, to the orthographic and morphological awareness, while the children took a leap from grade 1 to 2 and grade 3 to 4, the progress developed at relatively slow rates from grade 2 to 3. In order to assure children＇s development of orthographic and morphological awareness, evidence-based orthographically and morphologically enhanced instruction is needed for Chinese children in the early elementary years, especially for those at the stage from grade 2 to 3.

Geographical Names as Cultural Symbols:The Law of Naming System’s Evolution in Southwest China

In this paper,the geographic name in Southwest China is regarded as a symbolic representation of human beings,and the dynamic social and historical process behind the place names is restored from the perspective of the symbolic anthropology.There are three paths in the construction and evolution of geographic names in Southwest China—Ethnic information,sacred systems,and local representation,which have been rewritten,masked,and reconstructed over the years.As a result,the system of geographical names is gradually formed and integrated into local memory through space building,culture filling,and so on,affecting and influencing local group identity and cognitive concept.

Word diversity can accelerate consensus in naming game

In this paper, we introduce word diversity that reflects the inhomogeneity of words in a communication into the naming game. Diversity is realized by assigning a weight factor to each word. The weight is determined by three different distributions （uniform, exponential, and power-law distributions）. During the communication, the probability that a word is selected from speaker＇s memory depends on the introduced word diversity. Interestingly, we find that the word diversity following three different distributions can remarkably promote the final convergency, which is of high importance in the self-organized system. In particular, for all the ranges of amplitude of distribution, the power- law distribution enables the fastest consensus, while uniform distribution gives the slowest consensus. We provide an explanation of this effect based on both the number of different names and the number of total names, and find that a wide spread of names induced by the segregation of words is the main promotion factor. Other quantities, including the evolution of the averaging success rate of negotiation and the scaling behavior of consensus time, are also studied. These results are helpful for better understanding the dynamics of the naming game with word diversity.

Research on reliability model for integrated network naming system

Research on the next generation network architecture is a hot topic. To meet the requirements of the new Internet environment and eliminate the shortcomings of the existing network, integrated network is presented. In the naming system part, a system based on Chord algorithm was used, and multi-path is introduced to improve the name resolution reliability. In this paper, we mainly pay attention to the reliability model of integrated naming network system which can be attributed as a multi-path transmission issue, and the name resolution paths used in the network path may be cut off by attacks or other events. This paper focuses on parallel multi-path, which is recoverable when failure happens, transmission reliability, and proposes a corresponding reliability model to get the probability of successful transmission in such conditions. Finally, a numerical simulation is devised to demonstrate the multi-path name resolution's high reliability.

Mobile Agent Platform and Naming Scheme of Agents

Mobile agent technology has drawn a tremendous amount of attention from researchers in distributed computing recently as it promises to provide an elegant and efficient way of solving complex distributed problems, as well as offering a new approach to human-computer-interaction. In mobile agent systems, the mobile agent travels autonomously from one computer to another within the agent enabled networks, executes itself in the agent execution environment, collects useful information and makes its own decision or behalf of its owner. This mobility nature of mobile agent demands its unique name in the whole network otherwise it gets lost or conflicts with other mobile agent having same name. This paper proposes a naming scheme which promises a unique name for a mobile agent within that network. Key words mobile agent - mobile agent platform - naming scheme

Healing in Rwanda,Understanding and Naming Mental Health Problems:Translating Kinyarwanda Into a Clinically Applicable Language

Before the 1994 Genocide against Tutsi,reported rates of mental health disorders in Rwanda were low;Rwandan society and traditional healers had their own strategies to diagnose and address different mental health issues.Following the genocide against Tutsi in 1994,reports of psychological and mental health issues―including post traumatic stress disorders(PTSD),substance abuse and depression―increased significantly.To tackle these challenges,mental health specialists were trained―mainly in English and French―with key mental health concepts and disorders defined and elaborated in these languages.Consequently,specialists adopted Western ways of defining mental disorders and primarily referenced DSM-IV and V criteria for diagnosis.For example,most research names mental health problems that people experience as related to genocide and other events as“trauma”and“associated co morbidities”.From the research conducted by the Rwandan Biomedical Centre(RBC)on situational analysis for development of a model for management of trauma cases during the commemoration period of the genocide against Tutsi in Rwanda through Ubuzima Burambye project named problems that people suffered from as trauma,some concepts(such as“Ihungabana”,“Ihahamuka”,and“Ibikomere”)have been used to name trauma.But mental health professionals still prefer to name them as emotional,traumatic,collective,and/or collective traumatic crises.However,this use of primarily Western terms is a challenge for many Rwandan psychologists,as counselling sessions and other therapeutic interventions are conducted in Kinyarwanda.Such names might simplify concepts,as they are unable to fully translate the nuances within Kinyarwanda.To further study this linguistic issue,this current study investigated how people in Rwanda contextualise,name and give representations to the mental health problems they suffer from.It combined clinical and participatory action 88research,which started in February 2019.Participants were young survivors of genocide,people addicted to drugs from WAWA Rehabilitation Centre,as well as people who were received in the clinic/Uyisenga Ni Imanzi.Responses from the participants were classified according to their life experience on mental health pains.Twenty-nine percent of names of mental health problems from the participants were reflected on darkness,25%of them have named as emptiness,11%of participants have named their problems as heaviness,while rejection,bondage,physical pain each represent 8%,addictiveness or deviance is at 5%whereas dirtiness and judgement each has 3%.Different mental health symptoms―such as guilt,pessimism,anxiety,loneliness,depression and panic attacks―were identified to assess the respondents’mental health.The data collected from this group showed that guilt among respondents takes a higher number of 22%of names for mental health related to pains,compared to the other symptoms.On other side,pessimism is ranked at 19%,anxiety at 18%,loneliness at 17%expressivity at 16%and panic attacks is ranked at 8%.Looking at the effect of mental health pains on different aspect of life,data represented that the most affected aspect of life is the human mind at 52%,social problems and emotions at 18%each,human body at 9%and relations among people are affected at 4%.Human senses(e.g.,touch,taste,smell,hearing,sight)were used to identify and describe mental health pains.Results show that 62%of the identified unique names of the problems were found to belong to what people can feel,followed by sight(37%),touch(15%),hearing(13%),and smell(1%).However,there was no name for mental health pains related to taste.Clearly identifying and describing mental health issues in participants’local language is an essential step towards finding effective solutions.Naming a problem helps practitioners and patients develop a shared understanding of the issue at hand and what can be jointly done to address it.Conversely,the inability to name the actual disorder leaves patients in a state of confusion,unable to progress with their treatment despite the availability of professional assistance.

Naming Conventions and the Perception of Selfhood:A Cross-cultural Reflection on Women’s Surnames in the Anglosphere vs.the Hispanic Model

The naming convention in English-speaking countries(e.g.,USA and UK),and several others in the Western culture,where women traditionally have adopted their husbands’surnames,is compared with the naming convention in Spain and Latin America,where women do not relinquish their maiden surnames.From a cross-cultural perspective spanning over three centuries,from Madame de Staël and Virginia Woolf to Hillary Clinton,this essay renders instances of women who took on the surname of their spouse upon marriage.It appears that even nowadays many women,including feminists,choose to comply with this patriarchal habit.Entanglements arising upon divorce or remarriage,such as traceability and perception of selfhood,especially for women with academic and professional profiles,are discussed here.Samples collected from life and literature across a fairly representative cultural range and diverse moments in history help to reach conclusions and come up with a consistent argument.Winds of change seem to be blowing with Vice President Kamala Harris,whose case is mentioned at the end of this essay.To circumvent the confusion for individuals and families(especially“blended”ones)that could result in the discrimination between males and females,on the one hand,and on the other hand,between married and unmarried women,the Spanish naming convention is proposed as a perfect compromise.This consists in every person bearing two surnames from birth and for good:one of each parent.Thus,women would keep their name(s),and along with them their perception of their self and their social and professional identity.

Naming methods and intention research in English novels

Names are unique phenomenon in human society. People from different countries all have their only names, which generally consist of the first name and the last name. Not only in reality, but also in literary works, they all have their unique names, but the naming methods and intention are different. This paper emphasizes the naming methods and intention in English novels. The names of English novels usually have a richer culture, it embodies the character traits and characters in the novel, such as the outcome of their fate. Therefore, the research of the cultural intention of English novels and translating names accurately is of great significance for literary translation, which also plays an important role in the East-West cultural exchange.

Voices in the War in“Naming of Parts”and“Plato Told”

“Naming of Parts”and“plato told”are two poems written respectively by Henry Reed and E.E.Cummings during the Second World War.“Naming of Parts”depicts the opposition and assimilation of two voices in the poem while“plato told”features the contrast between the silenced voices and an accentuated voice in the poem.The two poems suggest that submitting oneself to the speech pattern typical of military personnel leads to the loss of one’s voice,individuality,and ultimately one’s life.Overall,these two poems reveal the connection between a person’s voice and individuality in a war and demonstrate a clear antiwar attitude.

On the Naming of the Yarlung Zangbo Canyon

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Topological naming mechanism in feature-based modelling

To unambiguously identify topological entities such as faces, edges and vertices is one of the key issues of feature_based modelling. This makes it possible to replay the modelling history when the solid model is re_evaluated. This paper describes a naming mechanism in order to fully automate model generation in terms of the constructing history. The topological naming system(TNS),presented in this paper, assigns a persistent identification to every topological entity if necessary, thus automatically generates a design variant when the design object is re_evaluated.

Functional MRI mapping of category-specific sites associated with naming of famous faces,animals and man-made objects

Objective Category-specific recognition and naming deficits have been observed in a variety of patient populations. However, the category-specific cortices for naming famous faces, animals and man-made objects remain controversial. The present study aimed to study the specific areas involved in naming pictures of these 3 categories using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Methods Functional images were analyzed using statistical parametric mapping and the 3 different contrasts were evaluated using t statistics by comparing the naming tasks to their baselines.The contrast images were entered into a random-effects group level analysis.The results were reported in Montreal Neurological Institute co-ordinates,and anatomical regions were identified using an automated anatomical labeling method with XJview 8.Results Naming famous faces caused more activation in the bilateral head of the hippocampus and amygdala with significant left dominance. Bilateral activation of pars triangularis and pars opercularis in the naming of famous faces was also revealed. Naming animals evoked greater responses in the left supplementary motor area, while naming man-made objects evoked more in the left premotor area,left pars orbitalis and right supplementary motor area. The extent of bilateral fusiform gyri activation by naming man-made objects was much larger than that by naming of famous faces or animals.Even in the overlapping sites of activation,some differences among the categories were found for activation in the fusiform gyri.Conclusion The cortices involved in the naming process vary with the naming of famous faces,animals and man-made objects.This finding suggests that different categories of pictures should be used during intra-operative language mapping to generate a broader map of language function, in order to minimize the incidence of false-negative stimulation and permanent post-operative deficits.