Building a Business and Strategic Intelligence Policy as a Strategy for Promoting Congolese Business Progress and Healthy Economic Development in Eastern DRC

The aim of this study was to verify the existence of business and strategic intelligence policies at the level of Congolese companies and at the state level, likely to foster progress and healthy development in the east of the DRC. The study was based on a mixed perspective consisting of objective analysis of quantitative data and interpretative analysis of qualitative data. The results showed that business and strategic intelligence policies have not been established at either company or state level, as this is an area of activity that is not known to the players in companies and public departments, and there are no units or offices in their organizational structures responsible for managing strategic information for competitiveness on the international market. In addition, there is a real need to establish strategic information management units within companies, upstream, and to set up a national strategic information management department or agency to help local companies compete in the marketplace, downstream. This reflects the importance and timeliness of building business and strategic intelligence policies to ensure economic progress and development in the eastern DRC. Business and strategic intelligence provides companies with an appropriate tool for researching, collecting, processing and disseminating information useful for decision-making among stakeholders, in order to cope with a crisis or competitive situation. The study suggests a number of key recommendations based on its findings. To the government, it is recommended to establish the national policy of business and strategic intelligence by setting up a national agency of strategic intelligence in favor of local companies;and to companies to establish business intelligence units in their organizational structures in favor of stakeholders to foster advantageous decision-making in the competitive market and achieve progress. Finally, the study suggests that studies be carried out to fully understand the opportunities and impact of business and strategic intelligence in African countries, particularly in the DRC.

Strategic Direction of Russia Interpreted from Its New National Security Strategy

In July 2021,Russia unveiled its new National Security Strategy,which is a considerably updated version compared with the previous one and hence presents several new features.For instance,it further stresses that security should be prioritized over other aspects;it gives more attention to the chaotic aspects of order change in its assessment of the international situation;it highlights the threats from the West;and it places increased emphasis on domestic capacity building as a means for safeguarding national security.From the content of the new Strategy as well as Russia’s policies in recent years,the strategy of Russia for the foreseeable future can be generally characterized as inward-looking.Domestically,its policies will become more conservative;diplomatically,it will take up a defensive position;and economically,it will increasingly emphasize security and selfreliance.In other words,several issues that were previously overlooked will be given attention.However,strategic introversion does not mean that Russia will invest all its energy in defense.Instead,Russia will build up strength for changes that lie ahead.With the expected strategic introversion,Russia will fnd difculty in making breakthroughs in terms of its relations with the West;the China-Russia relations will continue on the path of steady development;and Russia will place greater importance to the balance of power among major countries.

India’s National Security Strategy:Pursuits,Origins,and Practice

India has upheld extremely rich practices of national security since its founding as a republic because of its unique geo-environmental features, historical legacies, and traditional cultures, which reflect a type of national security strategy that has distinct Indian characteristics. Generally, successive governments in India have followed the basic principles articulated in Kautilya’s Arthasastra and various security practices adopted during the British Raj. India’s national security strategies are based on an internal logic of geopolitical rivalry and changes in international scenarios, and they are strongly influenced by Hindu traditions and the “Sad-Dharma” purported by King Ashoka. The objective is to create an India-dominated security order in the South Asian subcontinent, which persistently builds its capacity and system as a “net security provider” in the Indian Ocean Rim. Moreover, India is vigorously expanding its network of influence in the Pacific region in an effort to become a world leading power that enjoys a high level of strategic autonomy.

STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN URBANIZATION PROCESS IN CHINA

This paper reviewed the development of Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in China, expounded its functions and regional characteristics, and discussed the targets of SEA in the process of urbanization,and the main assessment indicators, procedures, techniques and methodologies of SEA. It concluded that SEA could be improved by the following recommendations: incorporating SEA in decision-making process, selecting experimental units for SEA trial run, and developing strategic evaluation tools and techniques. SEA can provide appropriate and up-to-date information on the impact of human activity on environment in the process of urbanization, and develop a plan of action targeting implementation of intervention for the rehabilitation and preservation of the ecological stability of a city. Therefore, SEA can be a supporting tool for decision-making toward achieving sustainable development.

Industrial Ecosystem and the Development of Strategic Emerging Industries

Based on the theories of business ecosystem and national innovation system, this paper proposes a concept of industrial ecosystem. Differ from ecologists and environmentalists who regard industrial ecosystem as the natural ecosystems in which material, energy and information circulates, this paper defines industrial ecosystem as a set of factors that are vital to the development of a certain industry and their interrelationship. The industrial ecosystem consists of three sub-systems that are innovation ecosystem, production ecosystem, and application ecosystem, and subsidiary factors that include factor supply, infrastructure, socio-cultural environment, international environment and policy system. The industrial ecosystem is characterized by interdependencies, complex interactions, self-recovery and co-evolution. The development of an industry is＇ the result of the reaction of the whole industrial ecosystem; therefore, the competition in strategic emerging industries among countries is in essence the competition in industrial ecosystems. Those countries which are able to take the lead in setting up complete industrial ecosystem will occupy advantage in developing strategic emerging industries. Cultivating and developing strategic emerging industries requires promoting the development and coordination of the whole ecosystem.

Chinese Overseas Enterprises and Construction of China＇ s National Image

National image is an important component of national interests and a key indicator of a country's comprehensive strength. National image is also an integral part of a country's foreign strategy. With further promotion of the going global strategy, Chinese overseas enterprises have become important participants in globalization and thus major actors shaping China's national image. However, several overseas enterprises have adversely affected China's national image due to lack of cooperation, lack of legal concepts, lack of environmental awareness, ignorance of social responsibility and cultural differences. To this end, the Chinese government should focus on raising awareness among overseas enterprises about national image, establishing a clear mechanism for the entry and exit of overseas enterprises, fostering publicity among overseas enterprises, strengthening the guidance of overseas enterprises in performing their duties, and guiding Chinese overseas enterprises to actively and effectively shape a responsible national image.

Understanding the Impact of Economic Crisis on the Distribution of Organizational Decision-Making Authority

Understanding the dynamics of decision making in the right way is an important problem for the management of organizations.In today’s business life organizations are becoming more complex,and the environments they are operating in,are becoming increasingly uncertain.The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the dynamics of managerial decision-making process in complex internal and external environments by sharing the results of an empirical study(Onuk,2009).While taking the levels of the organizational structure as one of the important dimensions of complex internal environment,complex external environment is reflected within the study as economic crisis.Using the survey tool developed by Onuk(2009),the empirical study realized in the Turkish organization of a large global company investigated decision-making process to understand how decision-making authority for different types of decisions,identified as strategic,tactical,and operational level decisions,was distributed throughout the organization levels,and how this distribution was impacted by economic crisis.The results of the study confirmed the following common expectations:(1)Strategic decisions are mostly taken at upper hierarchical levels of the organizational structure;(2)during times of economic crisis strategic decision making is centralized;and(3)during times of economic crisis distribution of decision-making authority is concentrated at upper management levels.

生涯教育的国家行动:国际经验及我国战略应对

在当前落实立德树人根本任务、全面发展素质教育的大背景下,加强生涯教育具有重要的战略意义:是培养对国家、对社会、对民族真正有用人才的需要,是促进人终身发展、全面发展、个性发展的需要,是保障育人方式转变和新高考改革顺利推进的需要,也是应对百年未有之大变局和全球产业竞争的需要。成功推行生涯教育,需要国家层面强有力的保障和支持,国外将发展生涯教育上升为国家行动,强化立法保障与政策支持,强化组织保障与经费支持,强化顶层设计与战略指导,强化平台建设与公共服务提供,强化机制建立与环境氛围营造,强化师资队伍建设与专业发展,从而推动生涯教育在本国蓬勃有效地开展。借鉴国际经验,从我国实际出发,为使我国生涯教育走出当前困境,应从战略上提升对生涯教育的认识,增强社会认同;坚持立法先行,建立健全相关法律;加强组织机构建设,为推进生涯教育提供组织保障;建立长效机制,破解学校生涯教育面对的缺乏经费、师资以及职业体验机会等难题;强化战略指导,提供基本公共服务,完善对学校的考核评价。

新时代职业教育服务国家重大战略的价值向度

新时代背景下,职业教育的战略功能就是其服务国家战略的能力,不同层次的职业教育在服务国家重大战略上各自具有独特的价值意义。服务国家战略是新时代职业教育发展的内在要求,服务国家现代化发展、实现职业教育内涵式发展、深化职业教育实践性发展是职业教育服务国家重大战略的三个基本价值向度。要着重把握新时代职业教育服务国家战略的功能表现形态,并在技术技能人才培养、产业对接与技术创新、职教文化传承等关键领域主动融入国家战略并准确把握自身定位,有效提升服务国家重大战略的能力和质量。

国家战略腹地建设的内涵特征、重大意义和推进策略

面对复杂的国际政治环境和全球产业竞争,立足我国新发展阶段的新特征,我国亟需尽快优化调整重大生产力布局,在广大中西部内陆腹地拓展战略纵深,夯实国家安全基石。2023年12月中央经济工作会议首次提出“建设国家战略腹地”的战略构想,为优化重大生产力布局,保障我国国家安全创造了条件。“国家战略腹地”是相对于前沿地区而言,能为前沿地区提供强大支撑的战略后方,主要是指围绕我国东部沿海起着稳定后方并服务国家战略安全的中西部内陆城市群或相应地区。“国家战略腹地”概念首次在国家层面提出,是党中央从国家发展大局去考量和谋划的,相比其他重大区域战略,国家战略腹地具备地理区位的枢纽性、经济发展的强大韧性、创新发展的引擎性、城市文化的凝聚性等基本特征。从我国区域经济发展史看,“三线建设”“区域协调发展战略”在不同历史时期承担了优化重大生产力布局、维护“大后方”的使命任务,国家战略后方作为新时代“大后方”概念,在新时代语境下自然也被寄予历史重任。进言之,加快推进国家战略腹地建设是当前应对百年大变局的应有之义、构建新发展格局的乘势之举和优化重大生产力布局的破题之策,唯有以自身的确定性应对外部的不确定性,才能把握战略主动。为把战略决策和预期目标变为现实结果,国家战略腹地建设必须系统推进。通过完善战略规划顶层设计、统筹战略物资储备建设、强化战略科技力量支撑、打造战略产业备份基地和建设战略运力空间网络,使之成为我国经济发展的新的增长极和动力源,不断推进新时代大后方高质量发展和高水平安全建设。

成渝地区双城经济圈国家战略腹地建设的内在逻辑、现实基础与路径选择

加强国家战略腹地建设是落实党的二十大作出“以新安全格局保障新发展格局”的战略部署,彰显了党中央统筹实现高质量发展和高水平安全动态平衡的重大战略考量。作为国家明确的战略腹地,同时叠加城市群成为区域发展的空间极核点与要素承载地的发展趋势,成渝地区双城经济圈主动服务和融入新时代国家战略腹地建设意义重大。“国家战略腹地”是邻近国家级的极核或先行地区,拥有经济高质量发展的基础和产业承接能力,能在一般或特殊时期支撑总体经济运行、承接产业转移、提供资源供给及保障生态安全,服务国家战略全局发展的内陆纵深区域。“国家战略腹地核心承载区”是成渝地区双城经济圈在国家战略腹地建设中的重要定位,担负着“以一域谋全局”的高质量发展价值追求,凝结了党中央统筹高质量发展和高水平安全的价值属性,是局部性和系统性并存的关键空间,是带动广大战略腹地高质量发展的重要增长极和新的动力源。新时代国家战略腹地核心承载区应具备经济组织活跃、产业部类齐备、要素供给充足、基础设施完善等发展优势。当前,成渝地区双城经济圈领有“扎实完备”的发展基础及产业体系、领有“保链稳链”的关键科技创新实力、具有“服务大局”的产业备份承接能力、富有“平战结合”的要素供应和设施支撑,已具备打造新时代国家战略腹地核心承载区的比较优势;但同时也存在区域空间结构发育不完全、高科技成果转化效能不强、区内产业同质化和显示度弱等薄弱环节。未来,成渝地区双城经济圈要以战略思维建设国家重要战略产业备份基地、以创新思维培育自主创新的区域创新体系与模式、以底线思维打造保障国家重要初级产品供给战略基地、以极限思维完善“平急转换”“平战结合”产业体系,努力打造新时代国家战略腹地核心承载区。

超大规模市场:作为一种战略资源及其辩证利用

大国的经济发展具有独特的优势,其拥有的超大规模市场可以成为经济发展的战略资源。像中国这样的发展中大国所具有的超大规模市场既可以为我所用,也可能为竞争对手所用,特别是在开放条件下的辩证利用需要深入探讨。超大规模市场优势的发挥并不是外生给定的,而是需要国家内生的创造。本文对超大规模市场优势的概念进行学理辨析和界定,在此基础上论证其作为一种国家推动经济发展的战略资源,对其辩证利用的三重意涵进行阐释:一是超大规模市场利用种类繁多的市场节点培育消费需求,促进内部分工深化,通过产业间的互为供求培育本土企业的创新能力;二是超大规模市场亦可使本土企业倚仗巨大的市场规模而产生懈怠心理,削弱企业家精神;三是超大规模市场如果被外国企业利用,则会阻碍本土企业的创新与发展。因此,发挥好中国超大规模市场优势,需要充分发挥消费者的力量,同时也要积极培育具有全球竞争力的本土企业并制定符合中国国情的对外开放战略。

权力与价值的博弈:国际传播战略模型研究

在国际交往日益频繁、国际竞争持续深入的当下,国际传播成为各国取得竞争优势的重要一极。与传统意义上以大众媒介为主要场域不同,广义国际传播包括主体和对象之间一切因为互动引发的信息交换行为,深刻作用于参与者的国际权力地位和文明影响能力。因此,国际传播战略制定的意义重大,必须反映国际竞争的全局性、系统性和长期性。基于此,从现实主义和建构主义出发,将国家综合实力与广义文化近似程度确定为国际传播战略模型(受众矩阵)的横纵坐标,从而区隔出四个象限,各自衍生出一种国际传播战略。首先是综合实力强、广义文化相近的“同源与责任战略”,强调和突出国际传播主体与对象同文同种的“自我认同”,渲染强大前者在同文化圈领导或核心的负责任国家形象;其次是综合实力强、广义文化相异的“标杆与说服战略”,即文化相异、综合实力较强的国际传播主体应努力跨越文化鸿沟,示范和说服国际传播对象明确认识和接受这一事实并开展建设性交流和实质性合作;再次是综合实力弱、广义文化相近的“共情与跟随战略”,也就是在“同文化、弱实力”比较条件下,主体通过国际传播强调双方广义文化近似程度并清晰表达“跟随”战略意图,引发受众共情效应,从而最大化保护国家安全和其他重要利益;最后是综合实力弱、广义文化相异的“互利与展演战略”,即以普世性利益为交流合作切入点、以不同文化共鸣之处为展演,弱势方通过国际传播使强势方认可其国家形象并接受合作诚意。

新形势下国家重点实验室重组的差异分析与经验总结——以学科、企业、省部共建三类全国重点实验室为例

为了应对新形势下科技发展需求,国家正在重组优化实验室体系。该文首先从科技发展的五项关键要求(强化基础研究、促进产学研融合、培育创新人才、增强国际竞争力和服务国家战略)剖析了国家实验室体系的重要性,同时指出目前实验室体系存在学科滞后、创新不足、定位模糊、人才培养挑战及国际影响力待提升等问题。然后借鉴成功案例,强调了实验室明确定位、加强人才培养与平台建设、促进产学研合作的重要性。最后,通过分析学科、企业、省部共建三类实验室重组案例,旨在为正在重组的国家重点实验室提供借鉴,推动整体体系升级与发展。

回应国家重大需求的战略型法治人才培养模式的实践与探索

武汉大学法学院以习近平法治思想为指引,聚焦新时代法学教育难点痛点,坚持问题导向、育人导向与结果导向。本教学成果坚定马克思主义鲜亮底色,涵养新时代法治精神;创新梯级课程体系,筑牢知识大厦深厚根基;打造珞珈法学智库方阵,构建多方融合研学体系;坚持国际与国内协同、理论与实务协同、传统教学与信息技术协同、教育与科研协同,完善综合能力培养机制;实现战略思维引领培养体系的理念创新、竞合机制贯穿培养过程的机制创新和多元方法激发创新能力的路径创新。本成果有效回应国家重大战略需求,为国家不断输送具有高尚的人格修为力、基于法学的跨学科理解力、对法治发展的前瞻判断力及法治实践组织领导力的高端战略型法治人才,获得行业与社会的高度认可,形成了良好的示范效应与社会影响。

中国金融创新水平的分布动态演进、区域差异及成因识别

文章基于2006—2021年中国重大国家战略区域金融创新水平的测度结果,通过Kernel密度估计、Dagum基尼系数及其分解方法以及QAP模型对中国重大国家战略区域金融创新水平的分布动态演进过程、区域差异及其成因展开深入分析。研究发现:中国重大国家战略区域金融创新处于较低水平,但呈现上升趋势;重大国家战略区域整体及分区域金融创新水平存在多极分化现象;区域间差异是总体差异的主要来源;缩小金融市场创新、金融机构创新的区域差异是解决重大国家战略区域金融创新水平空间分布不均衡问题的关键。

拜登政府“一体化威慑”战略评析

拜登政府的“一体化威慑”战略将“惩罚性威慑”和“拒止性威慑”统合,更注重“拒止性威慑”;将核威慑与常规威慑统合,更注重核威慑、新兴技术赋能的战略威慑,以及“混合战争”与“灰色地带”较量中的常规威慑;将军事部门的威慑和其他部门的威慑统合,更注重集体安全机制的威慑作用。拜登政府之所以提出该战略,一是为了适应国家安全环境改变的需要,重点加大对中俄两国的遏制力度,防范并争取在潜在的大国战争中获胜;二是进一步整合利用盟伴体系,阻止盟伴的离心倾向;三是提升美军战力,维护美国在全球的军事优势。当前该战略处于边执行边完善的过程中,拜登政府正着力强化军备建设,推进前沿威慑;加大盟伴军事体系建设,强化在欧亚大陆的联合军事威慑;提高内政外交一体化程度,加快内部发展并提升对外制裁围堵力度。但是,由于存在不顾国力局限而发动攻势、四面出击以及对安全的管理协调能力要求非常高等问题,该战略的推行受到严重束缚。

稳健驾驭:巨型工程的国家治理逻辑及其实现--以“西气东输”项目为例

巨型工程因其超大规模引发复杂性治理难题,需要国家的全面介入与稳健驾驭。西气东输工程的案例研究显示,超大的工程规模会导致决策的信息缺失与方案模糊问题,以及工程建设中的项目集成交互和多主体协同困境等治理难题。为解决这些难题,国家通过战略框定与工程目标建构,以国家意志塑造巨型工程战略纵深与社会合法性;通过方案最优化决策与群体智慧支持,以集体理性弥合理想最优方案与群体决策结果的差距;以领导小组统筹部署、高层权威推动和政治性协调,整合碎片化治理权威,形成有效的府际治理合力;通过国家主导的组织结构网络,国家权力深刻嵌入工程建设场域,以国家能力的积极运作实现管理协同。巨型工程的国家治理逻辑可概括为全面介入、战略统筹、稳健驾驭和有效治理,其研究有助于拓展巨型工程治理的国家理论,加深对中国巨型工程治理和决策过程的理解。