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Nitrile Electrolyte Strategy for 4.9 V-Class Lithium-Metal Batteries Operating in Flame 被引量:2
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作者 Hyunseok Moon Sung-Ju Cho +1 位作者 Dae-Eun Yu Sang-Young Lee 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第3期229-237,共9页
Challenges facing high-voltage/high-capacity cathodes,in addition to the longstanding problems pertinent to lithium(Li)-metal anodes,should be addressed to develop high-energy-density Li-metal batteries.This issue mos... Challenges facing high-voltage/high-capacity cathodes,in addition to the longstanding problems pertinent to lithium(Li)-metal anodes,should be addressed to develop high-energy-density Li-metal batteries.This issue mostly stems from interfacial instability between electrodes and electrolytes.Conventional carbonate-or ether-based liquid electrolytes suffer from not only volatility and flammability but also limited electrochemical stability window.Here,we report a nitrile electrolyte strategy based on concentrated nitrile electrolytes(CNEs)with co-additives.The CNE consists of high-concentration lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in a solvent mixture of succinonitrile(SN)/acetonitrile(AN).The SN/AN solvent mixture is designed to ensure high oxidation stability along with thermal stability,which are prerequisites for high-voltage Li-metal cells.The CNE exhibits interfacial stability with Li metals due to the coordinated solvation structure.Lithium nitrate(LiNO_(3))and indium fluoride(InF_(3))are incorporated in the CNE as synergistic co-additives to further stabilize solid-electrolyte interphase(SEI)on Li metals.The resulting electrolyte(CNE+LiNO_(3)/InF_(3))enables stable cycling performance in Li||LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)and 4.9 V-class Li||LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)cells.Notably,the Li||LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_(4)cell maintains its electrochemical activity at high temperature(100℃)and even in flame without fire or explosion. 展开更多
关键词 4.9 V-class cathodes electrolyte-electrode interfaces lithium-metal batteries nitrile electrolytes safety
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Synthesis and characterization of new soluble poly(aryl ether nitrile)s containing phthalazinone moiety 被引量:10
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作者 Ming Jing Wang Cheng Liu Li Ming Dong Xi Gao Jian 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第5期595-597,共3页
A series of novel poly(aryl ether nitrile)s containing phthalazinone moiety were synthesized by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of bisphenol-like monomers (I) with 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. The inherent vis... A series of novel poly(aryl ether nitrile)s containing phthalazinone moiety were synthesized by the nucleophilic displacement reaction of bisphenol-like monomers (I) with 2,6-difluorobenzonitrile. The inherent viscosities ranged from 0.46 to 1.07 dL g^-1. The glass transition temperatures were in the range of 277-295℃, and the temperatures for 10% weight loss in nitrogen atmosphere were found between 495 and 527 ℃. The structures of these resultant polymers were confirmed by FT-IR and 1^H NMR. Moreover, the properties of poly(aryl ether nitrile)s including solubility and crystallinity were also studied. 展开更多
关键词 Poly(aryl ether nitrile)s PHTHALAZINONE HEAT-RESISTANCE Solubility
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Environment friendly protocol for the synthesis of nitriles from aldehydes 被引量:8
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作者 M.B.Madhusudana Reddy M.A.Pasha 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2010年第9期1025-1028,共4页
A rapid and eco-friendly one-pot protocol for the synthesis of nitriles has been developed by treating various araldehydes bearing electron withdrawing as well as electron donating groups with hydroxylamine hydrochlor... A rapid and eco-friendly one-pot protocol for the synthesis of nitriles has been developed by treating various araldehydes bearing electron withdrawing as well as electron donating groups with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of non-toxic,non-corrosive and reusable zinc oxide(ZnO) as the catalyst under solvent-free microwave irradiation.The present approach offers the advantages of a clean reaction,simple methodology,employing readily available catalyst,short reaction duration(〈1 min),high selectivity;and high yield(90-98%). 展开更多
关键词 ALDEHYDES nitrileS SOLVENT-FREE Microwave irradiation Benign procedure
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COORDINATION CROSSLINKING OF NITRILE RUBBER FILLED WITH COPPER SULFATE PARTICLES 被引量:4
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作者 吴驰飞 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2007年第5期447-459,共13页
By incorporating copper sulfate (CuSO4) particles into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) followed by heat pressing, a novel vulcanization method is developed in rubber through the formation of coordination cros... By incorporating copper sulfate (CuSO4) particles into acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) followed by heat pressing, a novel vulcanization method is developed in rubber through the formation of coordination crosslinking. This method totally differs from traditional covalent or non-covalent vulcanization approaches of rubber. No other vulcanizing agent or additional additive is involved in this process. By analyzing the results of DMA, XPS and FT-IR, it is found that the crosslinking of CuSO4 particles filled NBR was induced by in situ coordination between nitrogen atoms of nitrile groups (-CN) and copper ions (Cu^2+) from CuSO4. SEM and EDX results revealed the generation of a core (CuSO4 solid particle)- shell (adherent NBR) structure, which leads to a result that the crosslinked rubber has excellent mechanical properties. Moreover, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and liquid acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (LNBR) were used as mobilizer to improve the coordination crosslinking of CuSO4/NBR. The addition of PVC or LNBR could lead to higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties of coordination vulcanization. In addition, crystal water in CuSO4 played a positive role to coordination crosslinking of rubber because it decreased the metal point of CuSO4 and promoted the metal ionization. 展开更多
关键词 COORDINATION Crosslink network Copper ions nitrile rubber Vulcanization.
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Deactivation Kinetics of Nitrile Hydratase in Free Resting Cells 被引量:3
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作者 孙旭东 于慧敏 沈忠耀 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2009年第5期822-828,共7页
Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile.The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp.was presented based on a bi-ste... Nitrile hydratase (NHase) is an important industrial enzyme used for acrylamide production from acrylonitrile.The deactivation kinetics of NHases in free resting cells of Rhodococcus sp.was presented based on a bi-steady state assumption.Effects of hydration temperature,product concentration and substrate concentration on NHase deactivation were investigated experimentally and correlated with a first order deactivation kinetics.The results showed that the hydration temperature and product concentration were major factors governing the deactivation of NHases under substrate-feeding conditions.When acrylamide concentration was higher than 250 g·L1,the deactivation of NHases became serious and the bi-steady state assumption was not applicable.When the hydration temperature was controlled at a relatively higher level such as 28°C,the total deactivation rate constant was about 2.8-fold of that at 20°C. 展开更多
关键词 nitrile hydratase deactivation kinetics free resting cell bi-steady state assumption total deactivation rate constant
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Study on Excess Thermodynamic Parameters and Theoretical Estimation of Ultrasonic Velocity Using Scaled Particle Theory in Binary Liquid Mixtures of 2-Methyl-2-propanol and Nitriles at Different Temperatures 被引量:2
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作者 K. Rajagopal S. Chenthilnath 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2010年第5期804-816,共13页
Density, ρ, ultrasonic speed, u, and viscosity, η, of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P) with acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile (PN) and butyronitrile (BN) including those of pure liquids are measured over... Density, ρ, ultrasonic speed, u, and viscosity, η, of binary mixtures of 2-methyl-2-propanol (2M2P) with acetonitrile (AN), propionitrile (PN) and butyronitrile (BN) including those of pure liquids are measured over the entire composition range at temperatures 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15 K. From these experimental data, the excess available volume, E a V , excess free volume, E f V , excess isothermal compressibility, E T β , excess thermal expansion coefficient, E α , and excess internal pressure, E i π , are calculated. The variation of these properties with composition and temperature are discussed in terms of molecular interactions between unlike molecules of the mixtures. It is found that the values of E a V , E f V , E T β and E α are positive and those of E i π are negative for all the mixtures at each temperature studied, indicating the presence of weak interactions between 2M2P and AN/PN/BN molecules. The variations of E a V , E f V , E T β , E α and E i π values with composition indicate that the interactions in these mixtures follow the order: AN<PN<BN, i.e., the 2M2P-nitrile interaction decreases with the increase of alkyl chain length in these nitrile molecules. In addition, the theoretical ultrasonic velocity is calculated using the scaled particle theory and compared with the experimental values. 展开更多
关键词 2-methyl-2-propanol homologous nitriles excess properties molecular interactions scaled particle theory
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Preparation of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of nitrile hydratase ES-NHT-118 from E.coli by macromolecular cross-linking agent 被引量:5
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作者 Liya Zhou Haixia Mou +3 位作者 Jing Gao Li Ma Ying He Yanjun Jiang 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第4期487-492,共6页
Cross-linked enzyme aggregates(CLEAs) of nitrile hydratase(NHase) ES-NHT-118 from Escherichia coli were prepared by using ammonium sulfate as precipitating agent followed by cross-linking with dextran polyaldehyde for... Cross-linked enzyme aggregates(CLEAs) of nitrile hydratase(NHase) ES-NHT-118 from Escherichia coli were prepared by using ammonium sulfate as precipitating agent followed by cross-linking with dextran polyaldehyde for the first time. In this process, egg white was added as protein feeder for facilitating the formation of CLEAs. The optimal conditions of the immobilization process were determined. Michaelis constants(Km) of free NHase and NHase CLEAs were also determined. The NHase CLEAs exhibited increased stability at varied pH and temperature conditions compared to its free counterpart. When exposed to high concentrations of acrylamide, NHase CLEAs also exhibited effective catalytic activity. 展开更多
关键词 nitrile linking acrylamide linker ammonium facilitating counterpart Michaelis dextran constants
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Effect of the catalyst preparation method on the performance of Ni-supported catalysts for the synthesis of saturated amines from nitrile hydrogenation 被引量:1
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作者 D.J.Segobia A.F.Trasarti C.R.Apesteguía 《Chinese Journal of Catalysis》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 北大核心 2019年第11期1693-1703,共11页
The liquid-phase hydrogenation of butyronitrile to saturated amines was studied on silica- supported Ni catalysts prepared by either incipient-wetness impregnation (Ni/SiO2-I) or ammonia (Ni/SiO2-A) methods. A Ni/SiO2... The liquid-phase hydrogenation of butyronitrile to saturated amines was studied on silica- supported Ni catalysts prepared by either incipient-wetness impregnation (Ni/SiO2-I) or ammonia (Ni/SiO2-A) methods. A Ni/SiO2-Al2O3-I sample was also used. Ni/SiO2-I was a non-acidic catalyst containing large Ni^0 particles of low interaction with the support, while Ni/SiO2-A was an acidic catalyst due to the presence of Ni^2+ species in Ni phyllosilicates of low reducibility. Ni/SiO2-I formed essentially butylamine (80%), and dibutylamine as the only byproduct. In contrast, Ni/SiO2-A yielded a mixture of dibutylamine (49%) and tributylamine (45%), being the formation of butylamine almost completely suppressed. The selective formation of secondary and tertiary amines on Ni/SiO2-A was explained by considering that butylamine is not release to the liquid phase during the reaction because it is strongly adsorbed on surface acid sites contiguous to Ni^0 atoms, thereby favoring the butylimine/butylamine condensation to higher amines between adsorbed species. 展开更多
关键词 nitrile hydrogenation Saturated amines Ni-supported catalysts Ni-phyllosilicates Catalyst preparation
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Inducing Expression and Reaction Characteristic of Nitrile Hydratase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 被引量:1
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作者 王超 张根林 +1 位作者 徐小琳 李春 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第4期573-578,共6页
Inducing expression and the reaction characteristic of nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 were investigated. The results showed that the expression of NHase was greatly enhanced with the cooperatio... Inducing expression and the reaction characteristic of nitrile hydratase (NHase) from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 were investigated. The results showed that the expression of NHase was greatly enhanced with the cooperation of acrylonitrile and ammonium chloride as inducer in the medium and the specific activity of NHase was increased of 44%. Then the temperature, pH, concentration of acrylonitrile and acrylamide were evaluated, which affected the activity and reaction characteristic of NHase. It was found that the temperature and concentration of acrylarnide were the most important factors for the catalyzation of NHase. The optimal catalysis temperature of NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 was 30℃, and the activation energy of the hydration of NHase was 90.2kJ·mol^-1 in the temperature range from 5℃ to 30℃. Kmof NHase was 0.095mol·L^-1 using acrylonitrile(AN) as substrate, and NHase activity was inhibited seriously when acrylonitrile concentration was up to 40g·L^-1, the substrate inhibition constant Ki is 0.283mol·L^-1. Moreover, the NHase from Rhodococcus sp. SHZ-1 had very strong tolerance to acrylamide, in which the final concentration of acrylamide reached to 642g·L^-1 and the residual activity of NHase still maintained 8.6% of the initial enzyme activity. 展开更多
关键词 nitrile hydratase BIOCATALYSIS ACRYLAMIDE CHARACTERISTIC Rhodococcus sp. SHZ- 1
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Separation of Biphenyl Nitrile Compounds by Microemulsion Electrokinetic Chromatography with Mixed Surfactants 被引量:1
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作者 SuXuanGONG TaoBO LanHUANG KeAnLI HuWeiLIU 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2004年第9期1063-1066,共4页
A mixture of nine biphenyl nitrile compounds with high hydrophobicity and similar structures was successfully separated by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) within 30 min. The buffer system containe... A mixture of nine biphenyl nitrile compounds with high hydrophobicity and similar structures was successfully separated by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) within 30 min. The buffer system contained 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 80 mmol/L sodium cholate (SC), 0.81% heptane, 7.5% n-butanol, 10% acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L borate. The addition of SC, organic modifiers, sample preparation and temperature all showed remarkable effect on the separation. Meanwhile, the MEEKC method was briefly compared with micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method. 展开更多
关键词 Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography SEPARATION mixed surfactant biphenyl nitrile compounds micellar electrokinetic chromatography .
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Direct Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes in Ionic Liquids 被引量:1
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作者 ZHANG Jun-li CHEN Xiao-rong YU Yan-peng XU Kun-ling HUANG Jun 《Chemical Research in Chinese Universities》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2011年第4期712-714,共3页
1 Introduction Ionic liquids(ILs) are environmentally acceptable solvents because they have low vapor pressure, high thermal stability and chemical stability, excellent solvent for organic and inorganic compounds. T... 1 Introduction Ionic liquids(ILs) are environmentally acceptable solvents because they have low vapor pressure, high thermal stability and chemical stability, excellent solvent for organic and inorganic compounds. Therefore, they can be used as green solvents for a number of chemical processes, such as separa- tions and reactions. ILs are also used as catalysts in chemical reactions to accelerate reaction rate and improve selectivity. 展开更多
关键词 nitrile ALDEHYDE Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Ionic liquid
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Facile Synthesis of Amidines via Intermolecular Reductive Coupling of Nitriles with Azobenzene Promoted by Samarium Diiodide 被引量:1
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作者 Zhi Fang LI Ping LU Yong Min ZHANG(Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Xixi campus), Hangzhou 310028Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032) 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2000年第6期495-498,共4页
The intermolecular reductive coupling of nitrites with azobenzene induced by SmI2 was studied. Amidine derivatives were prepared in good yields under neutral and mild conditions.
关键词 synthesis SAMARIUM AMIDINES nitrileS AZOBENZENE
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Synthesis and characterization of poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile) (PPEN)-polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) block copolymers 被引量:1
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作者 Li Ming Dong Gong Xiong Liao +1 位作者 Ming Jing Wang Xi Gao Jian 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第2期230-232,共3页
Block copolymers with different backbone compositions have been prepared by the condensation of dimethylamino terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and hydroquinone terminated poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile... Block copolymers with different backbone compositions have been prepared by the condensation of dimethylamino terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and hydroquinone terminated poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile) (PPEN) in the presence of chlorobenzcne/N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) as solvents. The products were characterized by FTIR, ^1H NMR and gel permeation chromatography. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis indicated that the block copolymers showed separated microphase. 展开更多
关键词 Block copolymers Poly(phthalazinone ether nitrile POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE Synthesis
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AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC NITRILES AND THEIR POLYMERS ⅩⅥ. THE POLYMERIZATION KINETICS OF 4, 4′-BIPHENYLDICARBONITRILE CATALYZED BY LEWIS ACID-METAL SYSTEM 被引量:1
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作者 孙录应 黄志镗 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1990年第2期177-182,共6页
The polymerization kinetics of 4, 4′-biphenyldicarbonitrile using cuprous chloride-zinc system as catatyst was investigated. the concentration of unreacted cyano group was measured by infrared spectroscopic analysis ... The polymerization kinetics of 4, 4′-biphenyldicarbonitrile using cuprous chloride-zinc system as catatyst was investigated. the concentration of unreacted cyano group was measured by infrared spectroscopic analysis using potassium ferricyanide as the internal reference. It was found that the polymerization rate is directly proportional to the concentrations ofcyano group, cuprous chloride and zinc, and the activation energy of the polymerization is as Tow as 18.4 KJ/mol. In addition, the other kinetics parameters were obtained and discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Aromatic nitrile polymerization Kinetics
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A Convenient Synthesis of α-Phenylsclcno-α, β-unsaturated Nitriles via Arsonium Salt 被引量:1
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作者 Gut Sheng DENG Zhi Zhen HUANG Xian HUANG(Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University (Campus Xixi).34 Tianmushan Lu. Hangzhou 310028) 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1999年第5期349-350,共2页
α-Phenylseleno-α,β-unsaturated nitriles were synthesized under mild condition viaarsonium salt 1 in one pot reaction.
关键词 Unsaturated nitriles phenylselenenylation SYNTHESIS arsonium salt
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A new one-pot neat synthesis of 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones through 4-(N,N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP) catalyzed cyclocondensation of ethyl carbazate with aryl nitriles 被引量:1
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作者 A.Davoodnia M.Bakavoli +1 位作者 M.Soleimany H.Behmadi 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2008年第6期685-688,共4页
A new one-pot neat synthesis of some 5-aryl-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones through cyclocondensation of ethyl carbazate with aryl nitriles catalyzed by DMAP as an efficient and basic nucleophilic catalyst is des... A new one-pot neat synthesis of some 5-aryl-2,4-dihydro-3H- 1,2,4-triazol-3-ones through cyclocondensation of ethyl carbazate with aryl nitriles catalyzed by DMAP as an efficient and basic nucleophilic catalyst is described. 展开更多
关键词 1 2 4-Triazol-3-ones One-pot synthesis DMAP Aryl nitriles
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Highly-Efficient Conversion of Primary Amides to Nitriles Using Indium(III) Triflate as the Catalyst 被引量:2
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作者 Tomoko Mineno Mamika Shinada +3 位作者 Kazuki Watanabe Hitoshi Yoshimitsu Hiroyuki Miyashita Hisao Kansui 《International Journal of Organic Chemistry》 2014年第1期1-6,共6页
Indium(III) triflate, a trivalent indium reagent, was shown to be a highly-efficient catalyst for the conversion of primary amides to the corresponding nitriles. The successful reactions required 5 mol% of indium(III)... Indium(III) triflate, a trivalent indium reagent, was shown to be a highly-efficient catalyst for the conversion of primary amides to the corresponding nitriles. The successful reactions required 5 mol% of indium(III) triflate, and toluene was proved to be the most suitable solvent. Various amides were subjected to this method, and each produced the corresponding nitriles in excellent yields. 展开更多
关键词 Indium(III) TRIFLATE PRIMARY AMIDES nitrileS
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A New Mathod for Conversion of Nitriles to Primary Alcohols 被引量:1
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作者 Guang Dian HAN(Institute of Materia Medica, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100050)Song Kee CHUNG(Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station. Texas 77843) 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1996年第12期1079-1080,共2页
A new method for direct conversion of nitriles to primary alcohols using ZnCoCl2 reagent in AcOH/EtOH system is reported.
关键词 A New Mathod for Conversion of nitriles to Primary Alcohols
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Improved Electrochemical Synthesis of Nitro-substituted 1-Aryl-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitriles
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作者 Wei LIU Yuan MA +1 位作者 Ying Wu YIN Yu Fen ZHAO 《Chinese Chemical Letters》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第6期736-738,共3页
In this paper, we described an improved electrochemical method for synthesis of some 1-aryl-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group (NO2). The electrochemical synthesis of titile ... In this paper, we described an improved electrochemical method for synthesis of some 1-aryl-2-pyrrolidinecarbonitrile derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group (NO2). The electrochemical synthesis of titile compounds has been successfully performed in an undivided cell in reasonable yields. 展开更多
关键词 Anodic cyanation nitrile PYRROLIDINE electrochemistry.
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AROMATIC AND HETEROCYCLIC NITRILES AND THEIR POLYMERS ⅩⅦ. THE POLYMERIZATION KINETICS OF CYANOPYRIDINES AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE FORMED POLYMER
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作者 孙录应 黄志镗 《Chinese Journal of Polymer Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1990年第4期371-376,共6页
The polymerization rates of three cyanopyridines catalyzed by cuprous chloride-zinc system are measured, and the structure of the formed polymer is also determined. Compared with aromatic nitrile, cyanopyridines polym... The polymerization rates of three cyanopyridines catalyzed by cuprous chloride-zinc system are measured, and the structure of the formed polymer is also determined. Compared with aromatic nitrile, cyanopyridines polymerize faster and form polyconjugated polymer with skeleton—(C=N)—;instead of triazine structure. This chain-polymer possesses semiconductive property, and can be converted into conductive material by thermal treatment. In addition, the polymerization kinetics of 3-cyanopyridine catalyzed by 3-cyanopyridinium perchlorate is investigated. It is found that the polymerization rate is directly proportional to the concentrations of monomer and catalyst, and the activation energy of the polymerization is 103.1 KJ/mol. 展开更多
关键词 Aromatic nitrile Cyanopyridine Polymerization kinetics CHARACTERIZATION
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