Research progress on risk factors and non-drug treatment of delirium patients in CICU

Delirium is a clinical syndrome of acute brain dysfunction,especially the incidence of delirium in patients in Cardiac Intensive Care Unit(CICU)is relatively high.This paper mainly describes the main risk factors for delirium in CICU patients are patient characteristic,disease,treatment and environment and the research progress of non-pharmacological treatment is reviewed,aiming at nursing staff should pay more attention to the patient characteristics and actively take non-pharmacological nursing measures and prevent the occurrence of delirium.This article focuses on the main risk factors of CICU patients with delirium and the research progress of non-pharmacological treatment.It aims to provide a reference basis for the management and research of CICU delirium patients in China in the future.

TMR Non-Drug Therapy： the modernization of non-drug therapy

After several months of preparation, we are excited that Traditional Medicine Research （TMR） Non-Drug Therapy, an English electronic international academic journal in the field of non-drug treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, has been finally launched. Here, on behalf of TMR Non-Drug Therapy team, I would like to acknowledge all the members of the TMR editorial board for their great support and help.

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: Early Prevention and Non-Drug Therapy

The global rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in youth has increased dramatically in the last 30 years. This increase mirrors the global epidemic of childhood obesity. Studies show that, compared to adults who develop T2DM, youth with T2DM ultimately suffer from more harmful symptoms. The prevalence of T2DM and obesity in youth signals a significant public health issue that financially burdens governments, families, and individuals. Since evidence suggests that T2DM in youth is different from both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in adults, researchers and clinicians face many difficulties in developing new treatments. Most treatment efforts have relied on drugs;however, recent studies suggest that non-drug therapy also effectively reduces obesity and diabetic symptoms. Healthier eating, increased physical exercise, and positive mental health, are often underappreciated factors towards managing obesity. Yet these lifestyle changes empower both young and older patients to independently fight diseases and attain better health. To manage the global health risk of obesity, further research addressing the prevention and nondrug early intervention of T2DM and obesity in youth is urgently needed. The present review focuses on the latest updates in the field.

Research Progress of Non-drug Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Obese Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS)as a relatively common clinical reproductive endocrine disease,the incidence is increasing year by year and the treatment is difficult,among which obese PCOS accounts for nearly 50%of the total.In recent years,non-drug therapy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been effective in the treatment of PCOS.This article summarizes the relevant literature in the past ten years from acupuncture,acupoint embedding,moxibustion,and auricular points,and observes the effects of TCM non-drug therapy on endocrine and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese PCOS patients.The impact of various indicators such as body mass index,body mass index,etc.,and discuss the problems in such treatments,as well as put forward suggestions to achieve the purpose of better guiding the clinical treatment of obese PCOS.

The mechanism and research progress of non-drug analgesic labor

Non-drug analgesic labor is of great significance to protect,promote and support natural labor.The purpose of this paper is to review the mechanism of non-drug analgesia,the significance of non-drug analgesia delivery,and the methods of non-drug analgesia delivery,so as to provide reference for the research of clinical non-drug analgesia delivery and promote the development of non-drug analgesia delivery.

Discussion on prevention and control of COVID-19 by non-drug methods in traditional Chinese medicine

COVID-19 has been discovered since December 2019 and has become a global pandemic recently,killing hundreds of thousands of people in 216 countries and regions around the world.COVID-19 has caused more than 4000 deaths in China,seriously affecting national health and national economy.Since the outbreak of COVID-19,National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China has used the method of sino-western medicine to prevent and control COVID-19,effectively curbed the spread of the epidemic.But the TCM methods in the scheme are all oral prescriptions,less involving non-drug methods.Therefore,I searched the COVID-19 control methods published in various parts of the country,this paper plans to discuss how to improve immunity from the perspective of non-drug methods such as moxibustion,diet therapy,self massage,physical exercise skills and traditional music,hoping can helps the susceptible populations,infected,discharged and medical staff in COVID-19 epidemic.

Traditional Chinese non-drug therapies for cancer pain treatment

Cancer pain is the most common and serious symptom of cancer, which seriously affects the quality of life of cancer patients. the most widely used three-step analgesia has received good effects, but the toxic side effects at the same time can be ignored. As a complementary therapy increasingly accepted around the world, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) also plays an important role in cancer pain treatment. Traditional Chinese non-drug therapy has a good effect for cancer pain. In this mini-review, the commonly used traditional Chinese non-drug therapies such as acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint catgut embedding and injection, massage, ear point pressing with coxherb seeds therapy, traditional music therapy were introduced.

Non-drug interventions for cancer-related fatigue: an updated review

Non-drug interventions are easy operation, no damage and with significant effects treatment for cancer-related fatigue, which also can reduce the economic burden of cancer patients and improve the quality of life. This article reviews the effects of non-drug interventions on cancer-induced fatigue including exercise intervention, long distance healthy education, cognitive behavior intervention, traditional Chinese medicine intervention and emotional intervention to provide reference for clinical medical staff and relevant scholars.

Non-Drug Therapy to Combat Coronavirus

Novel coronavirus is threatening the health of people all over the world and all possible treatment strategies are in urgent. The sensitive of virus to heat proposed temperature treatment as an effective method against coronavirus. Here, we proposed several non-drug therapies including far-infrared, thermal air, thermal oxygen, ozone, hydrogen therapy and plasma physical therapy for immediate clinical trial and implementation. Compared with the drug therapy, these methods are safe without side effects, the highest benefit-to-risk ratio, user-friendly, and low implementation costs. It is urgent and significant to start these non-drug therapeutic design and implementation as early as possible, to determine the safety and effectiveness of these therapeutic methods.

Progress research on non-drug therapy in cancer-related fatigue

Cancer-related fatigue is the most prevalent and persistently symptom in cancer survivors than any other symptom,which is caused by both the disease and its treatment.Patients with cancer show a severe symptom of fatigue,which cannot be relieved by general rest or sleep.Cancer-related fatigue negatively impacts a patient's physical and emotional function,social ability and even patients’prognosis.At present,the mechanism of cancer-related fatigue remain unclear despite much research,and a variety of mechanisms may contribute to its occurrence and development,including inflammatory reaction,metabolism dysregulation,immune activation,hormonal changes,central nervous system dysfunction,etc.Now a broad variety of drugs and non-drugs interventions are used against cancer-related fatigue.The intervention of conventional western medicine mainly contains hematopoietic stimulants,hormones,mental stimulants,and antidepressants,but their widely clinical application is limited by their effectiveness and possible side effects to a certain degree.There are also many forms of non-drug interventions for managing cancer-related fatigue,such as exercise intervention,psychological intervention,sleep intervention,nutrition intervention,bright white light therapy,etc.The aim of this review is to provide recommendations of non-drug interventions for patients with CRF during and after cancer treatment,in order to provide an evidence-based guideline for clinicians.

Research progress on non-drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease

Diabetic kidney disease is one of the most serious and common chronic complications of diabetes and one of the leading causes of death in diabetic patients.In the case of diabetic kidney disease,sustained proteinuria is irreversible until it develops into end-stage renal disease.Drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease is relatively limited.More and more evidences into the effectiveness and safety that related non-drug treatments not only have the characteristics of simple operation and high safety,but also can improve the clinical symptoms of patients with diabetic kidney disease,reduce laboratory indicators,and delay disease progression.This article summarizes the recent literature on non-drug treatment of diabetic kidney disease such as exercise therapy,acupuncture therapy,acupoint application,auricular acupoint pressing pill therapy,moxibustion therapy,in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.

Research Progress of Treating Chronic Atrophic Gastritis by Non-Drug Therapy

Modern medicine believes that the incidence and detection rate of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)are positively correlated with age.Early detection,monitoring and intervention are helpful to reduce the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer.Non-drug therapy has many unique methods,wide range of application,simple operation,easy to popularize characteristics.In the process of using non-drug therapy to treat CAG syndrome differentiation,the principle of"treating the same disease with different methods"and"treating different diseases with the same method"must be followed.In recent years,in order to improve the quality of life of CAG patients and optimize treatment methods,some research progress has been made in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis with non-drug therapy.This paper summarized mainly from the basic function principle and the characteristic of Chinese medicine non-drug therapy,the mechanism of various kinds of non-drug therapy treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis and its respective application.

Effectiveness and safety of adjunctive non-drug measures in improving respiratory symptoms among patients with severe COVID-19:A multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background:The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection posed a huge threat and burden to public healthcare in late 2022.Non-drug measures of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),such as acupuncture,cupping and moxibustion,are commonly used as adjuncts in China to help in severe cases,but their effects remain unclear.Objectives:To observe the clinical effect of TCM non-drug measures in improving respiratory function and symptoms among patients with severe COVID-19.Design,setting,participants and interventions:This study was designed as a multicenter,assessor-blind,randomized controlled trial.Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned to the treatment or control group.The treatment group received individualized TCM non-drug measures in combination with prone position ventilation,while the control group received prone position ventilation only for 5 consecutive days.Main outcome measures:The primary outcome measures were the percentage of patients with improved oxygen saturation(SpO_(2))at the end of the 5-day intervention,as well as changes of patients'respiratory rates.The secondary outcome measures included changes in SpO_(2)and total score on the self-made respiratory symptom scale.The improvement rate,defined as a 3-day consecutive increase in SpO_(2),the duration of prone positioning,and adverse events were recorded as well.Results:Among the 198 patients included in the intention-to-treat analysis,159(80.3%)completed all assessments on day 5,and 39(19.7%)patients withdrew from the study.At the end of the intervention,71(91%)patients in the treatment group had SpO_(2)above 93%,while 61(75.3%)in the control group reached this level.The proportion of participant with improved SpO_(2)was significantly greater in the intervention group(mean difference[MD]=15.7;95%confidence interval[CI]:4.4,27.1;P=0.008).Compared to the baseline,with daily treatment there were significant daily decreases in respiratory rates in both groups,but no statistical differences between groups were found(all P≥0.05).Compared to the control group,the respiratory-related symptoms score was lower among patients in the treatment group(MD=-1.7;95%CI:-2.8,-0.5;P=0.008)after day 3 of treatment.A gradual decrease in the total scores of both groups was also observed.Thirty-one adverse events occurred during the intervention,and 2patients were transferred to the intensive care unit due to deterioration of their illness.Conclusion:TCM non-drug measures combined with prone positioning can effectively treat patients with severe COVID-19.The combined therapy significantly increased SpO_(2)and improved symptom scores compared to prone positioning alone,thus improving the patients'respiratory function to help them recover.However,the improvement rate did not differ between the two groups.

Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of epilepsy: electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy and new technologies

Epilepsy is a severe,relapsing,and multifactorial neurological disorder.Studies regarding the accurate diagnosis,prognosis,and in-depth pathogenesis are crucial for the precise and effective treatment of epilepsy.The pathogenesis of epilepsy is complex and involves alterations in variables such as gene expression,protein expression,ion channel activity,energy metabolites,and gut microbiota composition.Satisfactory results are lacking for conventional treatments for epilepsy.Surgical resection of lesions,drug therapy,and non-drug interventions are mainly used in clinical practice to treat pain associated with epilepsy.Non-pharmacological treatments,such as a ketogenic diet,gene therapy for nerve regeneration,and neural regulation,are currently areas of research focus.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogenesis,diagnostic methods,and treatments of epilepsy.It also elaborates on the theoretical basis,treatment modes,and effects of invasive nerve stimulation in neurotherapy,including percutaneous vagus nerve stimulation,deep brain electrical stimulation,repetitive nerve electrical stimulation,in addition to non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation.Numerous studies have shown that electromagnetic stimulation-mediated neuromodulation therapy can markedly improve neurological function and reduce the frequency of epileptic seizures.Additionally,many new technologies for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy are being explored.However,current research is mainly focused on analyzing patients’clinical manifestations and exploring relevant diagnostic and treatment methods to study the pathogenesis at a molecular level,which has led to a lack of consensus regarding the mechanisms related to the disease.

Research Progress on Non-Drug Treatment for Blood Glucose Control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） is one of the common endocrinology diseases that greatly affects the health care sector and economy. Application of hypoglycemic drugs has its own drawbacks and the use of non-drug therapy on treating T2DM has drawn much attention recently. This paper reviewed the research development of the non-pharmacological interventions on T2DM in recent years, including dietary therapy, exercise therapy, psychotherapy, acupuncture and moxibustion therapies and so on. The authors mentioned the problems in the research of non-drug treatment for blood glucose control of T2DM and put forward new ideas for the research in the future. Further well-designed trials with large sample size and long-term follow-up are needed to confirm current conclusions.

非药物干预对血液透析患者不宁腿综合征影响的网状Meta分析

目的评价非药物干预对血液透析(hemodialysis,HD)患者不宁腿综合征(restless legs syndrome,RLS)症状的影响。方法检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane、中国知网、维普、万方、生物医学文献服务系统,检索时限从建库至2023年5月,收集不同非药物干预对HD患者RLS影响的随机对照研究。由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并进行文献质量评价,运用Stata 17.0软件进行网状Meta分析。结果共纳入21项研究,总样本量为1183例。网状Meta分析结果显示:冷透析液为改善HD患者RLS症状的最优选择。冷透析液与中药足浴联合穴位按摩(SMD=-13.23,95%CI:-25.15~-1.32,P=0.004)、穴位敷贴(SMD=-18.20,95%CI:-30.06~-6.34,P<0.001)、透析中运动训练(SMD=-12.47,95%CI:-21.68~-3.27,P=0.008)、耳穴贴压治疗(SMD=-17.07,95%CI:-29.30~-4.84,P=0.025)、足部反射疗法(SMD=-11.84,95%CI:-22.02~-1.66,P<0.001)、红外光治疗(SMD=-18.16,95%CI:-30.07~-6.25,P<0.001)、督灸疗法(SMD=18.91,95%CI:7.06~30.77,P=0.012)、穴位按摩(SMD=17.91,95%CI:4.65~31.16,P=0.029)比较差异有统计学意义。结论冷透析液可以改善HD患者RLS症状,可根据患者的耐受性制定相关干预措施。

中医非药物疗法治疗糖尿病前期的应用进展

糖尿病前期是指在正常血糖与糖尿病之间的中间高血糖状态,其中包括空腹血糖受损、糖耐量减低及两者混合状态人群。糖尿病前期是一个可逆的过程,积极干预糖尿病前期人群是预防糖尿病发生和发展的关键。中医非药物疗法在治疗糖尿病前期方面效果显著,不良反应较少。

糖酵解在非小细胞肺癌吉非替尼耐药中的作用研究

目的探讨糖酵解在非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)吉非替尼(Gefitinib)耐药中的变化及作用。方法体外培养NSCLC亲本细胞PC-9和A549,并采用浓度递增法构建NSCLC吉非替尼耐药细胞PC-9-GR和A549-GR,通过CCK-8和平板克隆形成实验鉴定细胞耐药性,葡萄糖摄取检测试剂盒和乳酸测试盒分别检测葡萄糖代谢和乳酸产出水平,qRT-PCR和Western blot实验检测细胞糖酵解关键酶的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。采用糖酵解抑制剂2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(2-deoxy-D-glucose,2-DG)抑制细胞糖酵解后,观察细胞活力及吉非替尼耐药性的变化情况。结果相较于各自亲本细胞,耐药细胞PC-9-GR和A549-GR对吉非替尼抵抗性增强(均P<0.01),葡萄糖代谢速率和乳酸产出水平提高(均P<0.01);糖酵解关键酶HK2、LDHA和PFK的mRNA表达水平升高(均P<0.001),HK2、LDHA、PFKP和PKM2的蛋白表达水平增加(均P<0.001)。2-DG对耐药细胞活力的抑制作用较各自亲本细胞更明显(均P<0.05),且在一定程度上可增强吉非替尼对耐药细胞的杀伤效应。结论NSCLC吉非替尼耐药伴随着糖酵解的激活,该过程可能与糖酵解关键酶表达升高有关,抑制其水平或活性可能是逆转吉非替尼耐药的有效措施。

高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中19种非甾体抗炎药

建立高效液相色谱法测定化妆品中19种非甾体抗炎药含量。化妆品样品经体积比为1∶1的乙腈-乙酸铵溶液超声提取,用C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)分离,以不同体积比的乙腈-乙酸铵溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,采用二极管阵列检测器检测。布洛芬的检测波长为230 nm,醋氯芬酸、双氯芬酸钠检测波长为278 nm,其余16种非甾体的检测波长均为245 nm。19种非甾体的质量浓度在5~200μg/mL范围内与其对应的色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.999 5,检出限为0.2~8 mg/kg。空白样品的水剂和凝胶基质的加标平均回收率分别为93.1%~110.9%和91.3%~108.1%,测定结果的相对标准偏差分别为0.2%~3.5%和0.6%~4.2%(n=6)。该方法适用于化妆品中19种非甾体抗炎药的测定。

中医非药物疗法治疗骨伤术后疼痛临床观察

目的探讨分析中医非药物疗法治疗骨伤术后疼痛的临床效果。方法选择遂川县中医院于2020年1月—2022年1月收治的60例骨伤术后疼痛患者,采取随机数字表法分组,奇数患者纳入观察组(30例),实施中医非药物疗法,偶数患者纳入对照组(30例),实施常规治疗。对比两组临床疗效、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分、视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分、生活质量评分以及关节活动度(ROM)等情况。结果观察组临床总有效率为93.33%(28/30),高于对照组的70.00%(21/30)(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组SAS、SDS、VAS和生活质量评分以及ROM均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论应用中医非药物疗法治疗骨伤,可有效缓解患者疼痛以及因疾病产生的焦虑、抑郁等不良情绪,其关节活动度改善明显,生活质量切实提升,值得临床大力推广、应用。