Quality Assurance of Bread and Bakery Pastries in Public Institutions According to the Law on Public Procurement

Public institutions, such as kindergartens, are committed to ordering food according to the Slovenian Law on public procurement （ZJN-3）, which is compliant with EU legislation. There are many bread manufacturers in the market, therefore contracting authority has the challenging task to provide a diverse and high-quality bread and bakery pastries through the process of public procurement. Each buyer has the option of ordering food through the so-called ＂short chain＂, which allows the ordering of locally produced cereals, bread from the organic and integrated production. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Slovenia issued a ＂Guide to Quality Standards of Food in Public Ordering for Educational Institutions＂ which supports the ordering process. In addition to quality requirements, the buyer divides the tender documentation into several groups and subgroups （e.g. Bread, Bakery pastries and Bread of organic production）. The bakery industry is aware that in kindergartens high-quality bread and bakery pastries are required, therefore they already offer products with reduced salt, sugars, fats, products without trans-fatty acids and gluten. Taking into account the appropriate purchasing specifications and good knowledge of legislation, with respect to public procurement law-related orders, children in kindergartens can be provided with high-quality bread and bakery pastries.

Factors Affecting the Adoption of E-Learning Systems in Public Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania: A Case of Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA)

In most developing countries, governments attempt to enforce the movement from analogue to digital for all their sectors, from public to private. These technological advancements have been noted to bring necessary and unavoidable changes to businesses and learning environments. Higher learning institutions have adopted various e-learning systems to support learning, research, and publication activities to stay competitive in global academic systems. However, most public higher learning institutions in Tanzania lag behind in the adoption of these systems. Thus, research shows a failure of these institutions in utilising the full benefit that today’s Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can offer in learning environments. Thus, this study examines factors affecting the adoption of such a system in developing countries like Tanzania, taking the Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA) as a case study. The study used a mixed methodology where thematic and descriptive analysis was used to analyse both qualitative and quantitative research data. The study population was 187 teaching staff, a sample size of 126 was obtained, and 157 study participants were involved in the study. The study found that factors affecting the adoption of e-learning systems in public higher learning institutions in Tanzania include lack of ICT infrastructure, lack of technical and managerial support and lack of computers and e-learning knowledge among facilitators. Thus, the study recommended investments in adequate and reliable ICT facilities, high intermate speed and bandwidth, and policies that support e-learning and training programs about e-learning knowledge and use. Also, this study recommends the use of the Multi-Factors Adoption Model (MFAM11) for the successful adoption of an e-learning system in public higher learning institutions in Tanzania.

Forensic Auditing Techniques and Fraudulent Practices of Public Institutions in Nigeria

Public institutions are charged with the responsibility of providing essential services for the welfare of the citizens by manipulating the economy＇s financial flow through public expenditure, taxation, and so on. The reliance on public institutions to provide public services in Nigeria has resulted in disappointing results, because chief executives of the institutions take less interest in the degree of its success, and this accounts for the high level of fraudulent practices in such institutions. This study, therefore, examined the relationship between forensic auditing and fraudulent practices in Nigerian public institutions. To achieve this purpose, some hypothetical statements were made and a review of relevant literature was explored. The population of the study consisted of the general managers and accountants of 12 public institutions in Nigeria. The data generated were statistically tested with the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient. The findings suggest that both the proactive and reactive forensic auditing techniques have a negative significant relationship with fraudulent practices in Nigerian public institutions. Based on the above, it was recommended that： （1） The Economic and Financial Crime Commission （EFCC）, the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission （ICPC）, and other anti-corruption bodies in Nigeria should have, in their payroll, internal forensic auditors to supplement the duties of the internal auditors; （2） Forensic auditors should regularly undergo training and development programs to acquaint them with relevant knowledge and skills for effective forensic auditing; and （3） Forensic auditing should be made mandatory for public institutions by regulatory authorities rather than being voluntary.

Institutions as Tools of Public Policy： A Comparative Evaluation of South East Asian-Sub-Saharan African Post War Development

In general, it can be argued that institutional framework a country or region designs plays a significant role in crafting, applying or even success of public policy. Drawing lessons from how Asia exploited the developmental state＇s concept by designing institutions which targeted key public policy areas such as education, health, domestic savings, and rural development, or aligned infrastructures such as roads, transport and ports, to drive economic development. The paper explores how this approach can be applied in sub-Saharan Africa （or individual countries）. The objective is to extricate constant factors impacting development both in ahistorical and atemporal terms. The investigation is guided by the key question： whether quality of institutions and institutional analysis can help explain development failures in Africa？ Hence, on one part, it probes institutions, institution-making, public policy making and what uniquely the Asian developmental state did that can help illuminate institutional role in policymaking and application. In pursuing this objective, the paper is cognisant of the question by Brousseau et al. asked, regarding generalizability of institutional capabilities, ＂If growth-enhancing institutions are identified in a specific country, can other countries learn from and transplant these＂. The investigation concludes that in public policy and development strategy-making institutions do matter as they delimit or even help create possibilities necessary for development and its sustenance, and to a certain extent, they are the vital constant （factors） that explains development differentiations in different geographic spaces or time periods.

Realistic Difficulties and Routing Selection of the Reform of Separation of Management and Regulation of Public Institutions

Separation of management and regulation of public institutions is the important part of the reform of public institutions,and it is also an effective method to further inspire public institutions,forming the new pattern of social power participating in the development of public welfare undertakings.However,the reform of separation of management and regulation in China faces many problems and difficulties,for which different regions must promote and deepen the reform in spite of such problems and difficulties on the one hand; on the other hand,they must base the reform on the local situation,choosing different reform routes and modes instead of universal application.

Research on the Performance Appraisal of Human Resources in Public Institutions

Under the background of economic globalization,the rapid development of the society and the intricate changes also require a leap in the economy and management level.For state-owned institutions,it is of great significance to maximize the enthusiasm of employees and managers as well as establish a scientific and efficient performance appraisal mechanism.This paper analyzes the existing problems and deficiencies of performance appraisal in public institutions and puts forward corresponding optimization countermeasures and plans.

The Management and Use of Trade Union Funds in Public Institutions

Trade union funds are the basis and guarantee for various activities in public institutions.It is of great significance to constantly enhance the vitality of trade unions and the competitiveness of public institutions to continuously improve the management and use of trade union funds,thus giving full play to the role of trade union funds to better serve workers.This paper analyzes the management and use of trade union funds in the present situation and proposes several measures for improvement.

Human Resource Management of Public Institutions from the Perspective of Sustainable Economic Development

At this stage,the sustainability of human resources in China is becoming more apparent.As vital units of social development,public institutions are facing fierce competitions under the appalling situation of today’s market economy,and the problem of human resource management is increasingly significant.In order to improve their potentiality for sustainable development and enhance their core competitiveness,public institutions must pay attention to human resource management.At present,the human resource management of public institutions,whether from the micro level of employees and managers,or the regional differences at the macro level,all show significant problems,such as the flawed employee management system,the serious phenomenon of difference and mismatch,as well as the lack of professional knowledge among managers.Based on this,this paper takes the coordinated relationship between human resource management and sustainable economic development as a breakthrough and proposes several measures for the problems that exist in the human resource management of public institutions,so as to continuously improve the level of their human resource management as well as promote the sustainable development of public institutions and social economy.

Survey on the Status Quo of Emergency Response Capabilities of Public Health Emergencies in Grassroots Disease Control Institutions in a Certain Area

Objective:To survey and study the emergency response capabilities of grassroots disease control institutions in a certain area for public health emergencies,and to put forward suggestions for rectification.Methods:The study was carried out from March 2022 to March 2023.Field surveys,questionnaire surveys,and interviews were used to investigate and analyze the emergency response capabilities of public health emergencies in 5 county Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDCs)in the region.Results:Through the survey,it was found that the professional level of the existing emergency team personnel of the grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.There was an overall lack of emergency plans,and the compliance rate of the equipment,inspection,and testing items was low.The health emergency system of the CDCs in the region and the ability of the talent team need to be further improved.Conclusion:The emergency response capacity of grassroots disease control institutions in this region needs to be improved.For this reason,government departments need to increase investment and strengthen the construction of talent teams and hardware settings,and grassroots disease control institutions need to strengthen the construction of the public health emergency system to improve the ability to respond to public health emergencies.

Foreign Public Medical Institution Reform Experience and Lesson

Public medical institution reform is entering a crucial stage, it＇ s difficult but important. This paper enumerates several public medical institution reform successful countries such as Singapore, the United States, Britain＇s reform measures, in order to pass the mature experience of western countries for reference, based on China＇s national conditions, find the reasonable reform. Hope can stimulate public hospitals on diversified reform attempt of stakeholders to invest more resources, create more value, let the state and the public get bigger interest. In the end, improve the national medical and health undertakings.

The optimization research on the coupled of active and passive energy supplying in public institutions in China

The building sector is one of the largest energy user and carbon emitters globally.To increase the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions,the optimal technical scheme of active public institutions and coupled utilization of renewable energy is studied.In this study,the energy consumption of three types of public institutions in various regions of China was simulated by using DeST building energy consumption software,combined with energy conversion efficiency and data released by the National Bureau of Statistics,and the total energy demand and total energy supply of public institutions were predicted using the load density method.Based on the coupling mechanism of the MARKAL model,the optimal proportion of renewable energy in the energy supply of public buildings in different regions is determined.Through the study of the number of public institutions in various regions of China,energy consumption characteristics,construction area,and other related data,the reverse energy flow method is creatively proposed,and the active and renewable energy coupling algorithm from the energy demand side of public institutions to the energy supply side is established.The results show that the central region has the highest utilization rate of renewable energy in the public sector,reaching 36.18%.The use of renewable energy in public buildings in hot summer and warm winter zones decreased to 35.08%,and it was 12.82% in cold zones.By 2025,the proportion of renewable energy resources in China is expected to reach 29.2%.The energy coupling model and algorithm constructed in this paper can provide a basis for the coupling macro configuration of renewable energy in public institutions in China.

Analytic Methods for Quality Control of Scientific Publications Part VI: Presentation in Research Gate, Journal Indexing, and Recognition

In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.

E-Learning during COVID-19 Outbreak: Cloud Computing Adoption in Indian Public Universities

In the COVID-19 pandemic situation,the need to adopt cloud computing(CC)applications by education institutions,in general,and higher education(HE)institutions,in particular,has especially increased to engage students in an online mode and remotely carrying out research.The adoption of CC across various sectors,including HE,has been picking momentum in the developing countries in the last few years.In the Indian context,the CC adaptation in the HE sector(HES)remains a less thoroughly explored sector,and no comprehensive study is reported in the literature.Therefore,the aim of the present study is to overcome this research vacuum and examine the factors that impact the CC adoption(CCA)by HE institutions(HEIs)in India.The scope of the study is limited to public universities(PUs)in India.There are,in total,465 Indian PUs and among these 304 PUs,(i.e.,65%PUs)are surveyed using questionnaire-based research.The study has put forth a novel integrated technology adoption framework consisting of the Technology Acceptance Model(TAM),Technology-Organization-Environment(TOE),and Diffusion of Innovation(DOI)in the context of the HES.This integrated TAM-TOE-DOI framework is utilized in the study to analyze eleven hypotheses concerning factors of CCA that have been tested using structural equation modelling(SEM)and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).The findings reveal that competitive advantage(CA),technology compatibility(TC),technology readiness(TR),senior leadership support,security concerns,government support,and vendor support are the significant contributing factors of CCA by Indian PUs.The study contends that whereas the rest of the factors positively affect the PUs’intention towards CCA,security concerns are a significant reason for the reluctance of these universities against adopting CC.The findings demonstrated the application of an integrated TAM-TOE-DOI framework to assess determining factors of CCA in Indian PUs.Further,the study has given useful insights into the successful CCA by Indian PUs,which will facilitate eLearning and remote working during COVID-19 or similar outbreak.

A Controversial Political View： Rorty＇s Moral Finitism and Religion in the Public Square

Richard Rorty＇s moral finitism is based on some ideas from John Stuart Mill＇s work On Liberty. For Rorty, religious truths would be the main obstacles for the development of freedom and, at the same time, for human happiness. Rorty introduces the concepts of contingency and literary culture to express the situation of personal moral development, stressing that our life must be seen as an endless narration. So, there is no fixed development given once and for all. Rorty＇s anticlericalism is also based on the idea that the creation of clerical institutions and hierarchies is dangerous in the sense that they pose demands which go beyond individual perspectives and make religious obligations be prior to moral ones. Nevertheless, there are some misconceptions in Rorty＇s position when he discusses the idea of moral obligation and the relationship between religion and religious institutions.

Information Systems Security Threats and Vulnerabilities: A Case of the Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA)

All modern computer users need to be concerned about information system security (individuals and organisations). Many businesses established various security structures to protect information system security from harmful occurrences by implementing security procedures, processes, policies, and information system security organisational structures to ensure data security. Despite all the precautions, information security remains a disaster in Tanzania’s learning institutions. The fundamental issue appears to be a lack of awareness of crucial information security factors. Various companies have different security issues due to differences in ICT infrastructure, implementations, and usage. The study focuses on identifying information system security threats and vulnerabilities in public higher learning institutions in Tanzania, particularly the Institute of Accountancy Arusha (IAA). The study involved all employees of IAA, academics, and other supporting staff, which totalled 302, and the sample size was 170. The study utilised a descriptive research design, where the quantitative methodology was used through a five-point Likert scale questionnaire, and found that key factors that affect the security of information systems at IAA include human factors, policy-related issues, work environment and demographic factors. The study proposed regular awareness and training programs;an increase in women’s awareness of information system security;proper policy creation and reviews every 4 years;promote actions that lessen information system security threats and vulnerabilities, and the creation of information system security policy documents independently from ICT policy.

Discussion of China's Environmental Public Interest Litigation System

This paper, through research on the status quo of China's environmental public interest litigation and seizing the opportunity that the Law of Civil Procedure has first clearly defined public interest litigation, focuses on analysis of present difficulties and institutional dilemma related to the environmental public interest litigation in China and involves some useful discussions of main subject scope, burden of proof, funds guarantee and stopping infringement before litigation etc.

Study on the demand for public health professional after the COVID-19 epidemic in Zhejiang Province, China: A survey based on human-machine collaboration

To understand the needs of public health institutions in Zhejiang Province,China for public health personnel,and provide basis for training public health personnel.Methods:512 public health institutions in Zhejiang Province were randomly selected from different levels and regions,and the number of ublic health professional and the demand for professional ability were investigated by questionnaire.Results:The preventive medicine personnel in public health institutions in Zhejiang Province are insufficient;There is a certain disjunction or dislocation between the abilities and needs of public health professional;The way of continuing education for public health professional is single and the opportunities are few.Conclusion:Zhejiang Province should appropriately expand the enrollment of preventive medicine majors,especially high-level preventive medicine talents,deepen the education and teaching reform of preventive medicine majors,and strengthen the continuing education and training of public health professional to meet the needs of public health services after the COVID-19 epidemic.

From institutional merger integration to institutional strategic transformation:A case study of the strategic management paradigm at Shanghai Library

This article attempts to apply the strategic management theory to the subsequent shaping up of a readjusted strategic development policy for Shanghai Library after its merger with the Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Shanghai(ISTIS)in 1995.It also tries to analyze and explicate such an empirical implementation of institutional reintegration process through strategic management at Shanghai Metropolitan Library.By doing so,it aims to present an objective case study of activities based on the strategic management paradigm at a major Chinese metropolitan public library.