Noether symmetry and conserved quantity for dynamical system with non-standard Lagrangians on time scales

This paper focuses on studying the Noether symmetry and the conserved quantity with non-standard Lagrangians, namely exponential Lagrangians and power-law Lagrangians on time scales. Firstly, for each case, the Hamilton prin- ciple based on the action with non-standard Lagrangians on time scales is established, with which the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation is given. Secondly, according to the invariance of the Hamilton action under the infinitesimal transformation, the Noether theorem for the dynamical system with non-standard Lagrangians on time scales is established. The proof of the theorem consists of two steps. First, it is proved under the infinitesimal transformations of a special one-parameter group without transforming time. Second, utilizing the technique of time-re-parameterization, the Noether theorem in a general form is obtained. The Noether-type conserved quantities with non-standard Lagrangians in both clas- sical and discrete cases are given. Finally, an example in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime and an example about second order Duffing equation are given to illustrate the application of the results.

Canonical Transformations and Poisson Theory for Dynamics with Non-Standard Lagrangians

The canonical transformation and Poisson theory of dynamical systems with exponential,power-law,and logarithmic non-standard Lagrangians are studied,respectively.The criterion equations of canonical transformation are established,and four basic forms of canonical transformations are given.The dynamic equations with non-standard Lagrangians admit Lie algebraic structure.From this,we es-tablish the Poisson theory,which makes it possible to find new conservation laws through known conserved quantities.Some examples are put forward to demonstrate the use of the theory and verify its effectiveness.

Symmetry of Lagrangians of holonomic systems in terms of quasi-coordinates

This paper discusses the symmetry of Lagrangians of holonomic systems in terms of quasi-coordinates. Firstly, the definition and the criterion of the symmetry are given. Secondly, the condition under which there exists a conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity are obtained. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate the application of the results.

Symmetry of Lagrangians of nonholonomic systems of non-Chetaev's type

This paper studies the symmetry of Lagrangians of nonholonomic systems of non-Chetaev＇s type. First, the definition and the criterion of the symmetry of the system are given. Secondly, it obtains the condition under which there exists a conserved quantity and the form of the conserved quantity. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate the application of the result.

Further study on a class of augmented Lagrangians of Di Pillo and Grippo in nonlinear programming

In this paper, a class of augmented Lagrangiaus of Di Pillo and Grippo （DGALs） was considered, for solving equality-constrained problems via unconstrained minimization techniques. The relationship was further discussed between the uneonstrained minimizers of DGALs on the product space of problem variables and multipliers, and the solutions of the eonstrained problem and the corresponding values of the Lagrange multipliers. The resulting properties indicate more precisely that this class of DGALs is exact multiplier penalty functions. Therefore, a solution of the equslity-constralned problem and the corresponding values of the Lagrange multipliers can be found by performing a single unconstrained minimization of a DGAL on the product space of problem variables and multipliers.

Symmetry of Lagrangians of a holonomic variable mass system

The symmetry of Lagrangians of a holonomic variable mass system is studied. Firstly, the differential equations of motion of the system are established. Secondly, the definition and the criterion of the symmetry of the system are presented. Thirdly, the conditions under which there exists a conserved quantity deduced by the symmetry are obtained. The form of the conserved quantity is the same as that of the constant mass Lagrange system. Finally, an example is shown to illustrate the application of the result.

Perturbation to Noether Symmetry and Adiabatic Invariants for Dynamical Systems with Nonstandard Lagrangians

The perturbation to Noether symmetry and adiabatic invariants for dynamical systems with nonstandard Lagrangians are studied.Based on two kinds of nonstandard Lagrangians(i.e.exponential Lagrangians and power-law Lagrangians),the exact invariants of Noether type are given.Based on the definition of highorder adiabatic invariants,the relationship between the perturbation of Noether symmetry and the adiabatic invariants of the system under a small disturbance is studied,and then the corresponding theorems of adiabatic invariants are established.Finally,two examples are given to illustrate the methods and results appear in this paper.

Approximate Noether-Type Symmetries and Conservation Laws via Partial Lagrangians for Nonlinear Wave Equation with Damping

In terms of our new exact definition of partial Lagrangian and approximate Euler-Lagrange-type equation, we investigate the nonlinear wave equation with damping via approximate Noether-type symmetry operators associated with partial Lagrangians and construct its approximate conservation laws in general form.

Symmetry of the Lagrangians of holonomic nonconservative system in event space

This paper analyzes the symmetry of Lagrangians and the conserved quantity for the holonomic non-conservative system in the event space. The criterion and the definition of the symmetry are proposed first, then a quantity caused by the symmetry and its existence condition are given. An example is shown to illustrate the application of the result at the end.

Lagrangian coherent structure analysis on transport of Acetes chinensis along coast of Lianyungang,China

Spatial heterogeneity or“patchiness”of plankton distributions in the ocean has always been an attractive and challenging scientific issue to oceanographers.We focused on the accumulation and dynamic mechanism of the Acetes chinensis in the Lianyungang nearshore licensed fishing area.The Lagrangian frame approaches including the Lagrangian coherent structures theory,Lagrangian residual current,and Lagrangian particle-tracking model were applied to find the transport pathways and aggregation characteristics of Acetes chinensis.There exist some material transport pathways for Acetes chinensis passing through the licensed fishing area,and Acetes chinensis is easy to accumulate in the licensed fishing area.The main mechanism forming this distribution pattern is the local circulation induced by the nonlinear interaction of topography and tidal flow.Both the Lagrangian coherent structure analysis and the particle trajectory tracking indicate that Acetes chinensis in the licensed fishing area come from the nearshore estuary.This work contributed to the adjustment of licensed fishing area and the efficient utilization of fishery resources.

对抗条件下基于SAC-Lagrangian的UAV智能规划

无人机因其低成本、可消耗、分布部署、敏捷灵活的优势,在多个民用领域大放异彩。但受其智能化程度限制,如何在复杂对抗条件下自主安全完成任务仍存在巨大挑战。针对目前无人机任务规划存在的智能性和安全性问题,提出一种基于安全强化学习算法的无人机智能规划方法(SAC-Lagrangian)。考虑了雷达威胁、禁飞区安全约束和地导对抗条件,将任务规划问题建模为约束马尔可夫决策过程(CMDP),通过拉格朗日乘子法变为对偶问题,采用最大熵柔性行动者-评论家(SAC)算法近似求解最优策略,保证了智能体在遵守安全约束条件下最大化期望回报。仿真结果表明,与其他基线算法相比,所提方法能在保证任务性能的同时确保安全性,适应动态变化的场景,任务完成率达到96%,因此,具有高效、鲁棒和安全的优势。

Electromagnetic Gauges and Maxwell Lagrangians Applied to the Determination of Curvature in the Space-Time and their Applications

If we consider the finite actions of electromagnetic fields in Hamiltonian regime and use vector bundles of geodesic in movement of the charges with a shape operator (connection) that measures the curvature of a geometrical space on these geodesic (using the light caused from these points (charges) acting with the infinite null of gravitational field (background)) we can establish a model of the curvature through gauges inside the electromagnetic context. In partular this point of view is useful when it is about to go on in a quantized version from the curvature where the space is distorted by the interactions between particles. This demonstrates that curvature and torsion effect in the space-time are caused in the quantum dimension as back-reaction effects in photon propagation. Also this permits the observational verification and encodes of the gravity through of light fields deformations. The much theoretical information obtained using the observable effects like distortions is used to establish inside this Lagrangian context a classification of useful spaces of electro-dynamic configuration for the description of different interactions of field in the Universe related with gravity. We propose and design one detector of curvature using a cosmic censor of the space-time developed through distortional 3-dimensional sphere. Some technological applications of the used methods are exhibited.

An Updated Lagrangian Particle Hydrodynamics (ULPH)-NOSBPD Coupling Approach forModeling Fluid-Structure Interaction Problem

A fluid-structure interaction approach is proposed in this paper based onNon-Ordinary State-Based Peridynamics(NOSB-PD)and Updated Lagrangian Particle Hydrodynamics(ULPH)to simulate the fluid-structure interaction problem with large geometric deformation and material failure and solve the fluid-structure interaction problem of Newtonian fluid.In the coupled framework,the NOSB-PD theory describes the deformation and fracture of the solid material structure.ULPH is applied to describe the flow of Newtonian fluids due to its advantages in computational accuracy.The framework utilizes the advantages of NOSB-PD theory for solving discontinuous problems and ULPH theory for solving fluid problems,with good computational stability and robustness.A fluidstructure coupling algorithm using pressure as the transmission medium is established to deal with the fluidstructure interface.The dynamic model of solid structure and the PD-ULPH fluid-structure interaction model involving large deformation are verified by numerical simulations.The results agree with the analytical solution,the available experimental data,and other numerical results.Thus,the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method in solving the fluid-structure interaction problem are demonstrated.The fluid-structure interactionmodel based on ULPH and NOSB-PD established in this paper provides a new idea for the numerical solution of fluidstructure interaction and a promising approach for engineering design and experimental prediction.

Updated Lagrangian Particle Hydrodynamics (ULPH)Modeling of Natural Convection Problems

Natural convection is a heat transfer mechanism driven by temperature or density differences,leading to fluid motion without external influence.It occurs in various natural and engineering phenomena,influencing heat transfer,climate,and fluid mixing in industrial processes.This work aims to use the Updated Lagrangian Particle Hydrodynamics(ULPH)theory to address natural convection problems.The Navier-Stokes equation is discretized using second-order nonlocal differential operators,allowing a direct solution of the Laplace operator for temperature in the energy equation.Various numerical simulations,including cases such as natural convection in square cavities and two concentric cylinders,were conducted to validate the reliability of the model.The results demonstrate that the proposed model exhibits excellent accuracy and performance,providing a promising and effective numerical approach for natural convection problems.

用Lagrangian松弛法解化工批处理调度问题

研究基于Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ松弛法的化工批处理过程的调度方法．建立了化工批处理过程调度问题的一种混合整数规划（ＭＩＬＰ）模型，并通过松弛离散变量和连续变量共存的约束，将问题分解为一个两层次的优化问题，其中上层是原问题的对偶问题，下层由两个子问题构成：一个与产品批量有关，另一个确定操作时间表，分别用线性规划和动态规划方法解这两个子问题．然后从对偶问题的解构作原问题的可行解．数值试验结果证明了该方法的有效性．

基于mixed Lagrangian/Eulerian方法的轮轨滚动接触特性分析

为了缩短有限元方法显式计算轮轨滚动接触的时间,采用mixed Lagrangian/Eulerian方法建立了轮轨滚动接触有限元模型.应用该模型对轮轨接触区的单元进行细化,计算了列车在启动、运行和制动工况下轮轨的接触特性.计算结果表明:不同工况下,轮轨滚动接触区最大Mises应力、最大接触应力和接触斑面积等法向特性变化幅度均在2%以内,但接触区纵向截面中Mises应力分布及纵向剪切应力分布有较大变化;启动和制动工况下,最大Mises应力和最大纵向剪切应力位置均比自由滚动时更接近于轮轨表面;不同工况下,摩擦力大小和方向发生变化,在列车牵引和制动工况中,摩擦力达到极限时轮轨间出现完全滑动,摩擦力方向与滑动方向相反,且不同速度等级下的纵向摩擦力变化幅度也在2%以内.

基于ε-约束方法的增广Lagrangian多目标协同进化算法

介绍了一种利用协同进化算法求解多目标优化问题的算法。这种算法首先采用ε- 约束方法对多目标优化问题进行处理 ,使其转化为一个单目标带约束的优化问题 ;然后 ,采用增广Lagrangian方法把这个单目标约束优化问题转化成一个存在鞍点的二人零和博弈问题 ;最后 ,利用协同进化的思想 ,用两个种群分别表示目标函数和约束这两个局中人 ,对这个二人零和博弈问题求解。进化过程中的选择、重组和变异算子均采用简单遗传算法(SGA)的机制。通过对两个实验测试问题的研究可以看出 ,这种算法比其它同类进化算法所得的结果要精确、稳定。

新的Lagrangian松弛法求解CLSP问题

ＣＬＳＰ（ｃａｐａｃｉｔａｔｅｄｓｉｎｇｌｅ－ｌｅｖｅｌｌｏｔ－ｓｉｚｉｎｇｐｒｏｂｌｅｍ）是在受能力约束限制下，确定Ｎ种不同的项目在给定的计划范围Ｔ内的每一个时间段批量，使得在整个计划范围内（ｐｌａｎｎｉｎｇｈｏｒｉｚｏｎ）项目总的调整费用和库存保管费用以及生产费用之和最小．本文基于Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ松弛法和新的启发式算法相结合求解ＣＬＳＰ问题，通过测试１０个问题，仿真实验表明，平均对偶误差可达到２％以内．

一种基于Lagrangian松弛法求解化工批处理过程调度的方法

提出一种快速求取化工批处理过程次优调度的方法。通过约束变换、引入操作批量的函数和松弛物料存贮能力约束,将调度问题分解为一个两层次的优化问题。用动态规划求解下层问题,用次梯度法求解上层对偶问题。然后依据对偶问题的解,以启发式方法构作原问题的可行解。数值测试结果证明了读方法的有效性和实用性。

二维Lagrangian坐标系下可压气动方程组的间断Petrov-Galerkin方法（英文）

构造矩形网格下求解Lagrangian坐标系下气动方程组的单元中心型格式.空间离散采用控制体积间断Petrov-Galerkin方法,时间离散采用二阶TVD Runge-Kutta方法.利用限制器来抑制非物理震荡并保证RKCV算法的稳定性.构造的算法可以保证物理量的局部守恒.与Runge-Kutta间断Galerkin(RKDG)方法相比较,RKCV方法的计算公式少一项积分项使得计算较简单.给出一些数值算例验证了算法的可靠性及效率.