Norms of Dual Complex Vectors and Dual Complex Matrices

In this paper,we investigate some properties of dual complex numbers,dual complex vectors,and dual complex matrices.First,based on the magnitude of the dual complex number,we study the Young inequality,the Hölder inequality,and the Minkowski inequality in the setting of dual complex numbers.Second,we define the p-norm of a dual complex vector,which is a nonnegative dual number,and show some related properties.Third,we study the properties of eigenvalues of unitary matrices and unitary triangulation of arbitrary dual complex matrices.In particular,we introduce the operator norm of dual complex matrices induced by the p-norm of dual complex vectors,and give expressions of three important operator norms of dual complex matrices.

Return to ethics： On translators＇ norms of honor and shame

Translation studies has undergone three different periods： the traditional philological period, the modem linguistic period and the contemporary cultural period. Ever since the cultural turn, especially after the introduction of deconstruction into translation, traditional translation theories have been greatly affected. The traditional principle like faithfulness to the source text and the writer has been attacked and the translator＇s subjectivity and creativity have been greatly advocated. Under such circumstances, this paper, however, holds that translation studies should turn to ethics for the messy situation, and translators should be able to identify norms of honor and shame in translation practice.

Study on the subjectivity of translator from the aspect of translational norms

As the emergence of conversion to aspect of culture in the study of translation, the subjectivity of translator is widely discussed. Translator is inevitably influenced by his/her own language and system of culture in the process of translation. In order to make readers understand what is translated, a translator needs to bring subjectivity into play to make translated text conform to custom of his/her own language and system of culture. The study of subjectivity is mainly concentrated on understanding of original text and recreating of art on the level of linguistics. This paper studies the problem of subjectivity in the process of translation from translational norms, subjectivity, aim and creativity.

ESSENTIAL NORMS OF PRODUCTS OF WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS AND DIFFERENTIATION OPERATORS BETWEEN BANACH SPACES OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS

We obtain several estimates of the essential norms of the products of differen- tiation operators and weighted composition operators between weighted Banach spaces of analytic functions with general weights. As applications, we also give estimates of the es- sential norms of weighted composition operators between weighted Banach space of analytic functions and Bloch-type spaces.

Priority Disputes in Science in the Context of Conflicting Norms：The Case of Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz Revisited

Thomas S. Kuhn is one of the leading philosophers and historians of science that investigated in-depth cases of simultaneous discoveries in science. Although his analysis of the discovery of energy conservation and oxygen did not focus sharply on the priority disputes involved, it is within such contexts that controversy about which scientist was the first to make a discovery takes place. Evidently, Kuhn＇s recourse to historical case studies is a clear departure from the standpoint of traditional mainstream philosophies of science （namely, logical positivism and falsificationism）, which cavalierly dismissed such concerns as irrelevant to philosophical reconstructions of science Challenges to orthodox logistic approaches were prompted by the realisation that the two dominant traditions mentioned above, in their excessive preoccupation with ＂the logical skeleton of science＂, have lost contact with real science. As a contribution to what Michael Polanyi referred to as post-critical philosophy, the present study reanalyses the tension-generating potentials of bipolar values shared by members of scientific communities. It traces the origins of the rebellion against logic-dominated philosophies of science, and identifies different post-positivist approaches that have eme^rged over the years which legitimise broadening the frontiers of the philosophy of science. Consequent upon that, some conflicting values or norms shared by members of scientific communities and how they affect the quest for scientific knowledge are underscored. Using as a case study the acrimonious priority dispute between Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz concerning the discovery of calculus, the paper demonstrates that excessive concern for recognition which sometimes leads to protracted priority disputes tends to bring out the worst kind of behaviours towards colleagues even from the greatest scientists. We submit, by way of conclusion, that despite the heroic （almost god-like） reputation of such scientists, they are human and, therefore, subject to the vicissitudes of emotional turbulence just like everyone else.

Negative Norms in Quantized Strings as Dark Energy Density of the Cosmos

The present short paper is concerned with accurate explanation as well as quantification of the so called missing dark energy of the cosmos. It was always one of the main objectives of any successful general theory of high energy particle physics and quantum cosmology to keep non-physical negative norms, the so called ghosts completely out of that theory. The present work takes the completely contrary view by admitting these supposedly spurious states as part of the physical Hilbert space. It is further shown that rethinking the ghost free condition with the two critical spacetime dimensions D1 = 26 and D2 = 25 together with the corresponding intercept a1 = 1 and a2 ≤ 1 respectively and in addition imposing, as in Gross et al. heterotic superstrings, an overall 496 dimensional exceptional Lie symmetry group, then one will discover that there are two distinct types of energy. The first is positive norm ordinary energy connected to the zero set quantum particles which is very close to the measured ordinary energy density of the cosmos, namely E(O) = mc2/22. The second is negative norm (i.e. ghost) energy connected to the empty set quantum wave and is equal to the conjectured dark energy density of the cosmos E(D) = mc2 (21/22) presumed to be behind the observed accelerated cosmic expansion. That way we were able to not only explain the physics of dark energy without adding any new concepts or novel additional ingredients but also we were able to compute the dark energy density accurately and in full agreement with measurements and observations.

Norms in the Translation of Chinese Film Titles

A film title is an essential part of a film.Compared with the translation of book titles and news headings,film title translation has been received far less attention,especially the rendering of Chinese film titles into English versions.Therefore,the thesis aims to study Chinese film title translation in the framework of norm theory and investigate the strategies adopted by translators.

The Review of Descriptive Norms in Translation Studies

The studies on descriptive norms in translation studies are of great significance because they spread the domain of norms and begin to consider the impact of the outside community so that they lead the study to a new field.Descriptive norms are discussed and studied systemically mainly by three scholars:Toury,Hermans,and Chesterman.The purpose of this article is to review this concept and try to point out some merits and demerits of their theory.

NORMALLY DISTRIBUTED PROBABILITY MEASURE ON THE METRIC SPACE OF NORMS

In this paper we propose a method to construct probability measures on the space of convex bodies. For this purpose, first, we introduce the notion of thinness of a body. Then we show the existence of a measure with the property that its pushforward by the thinness function is a probability measure of truncated normal distribution. Finally, we improve this method to find a measure satisfying some important properties in geometric measure theory.

The Equivalence of Certain Norms on the Heisenberg Group

Let IHn be the (2n+1)-dimensional Heisenberg group. In this paper, we shall give among other things, the properties of some homogeneous norms relative to dilations on the IHn and prove the equivalence of these norms.

Misperceptions of peer gambling norms among adolescents: Analysis of a national sample in Finland

Introduction: Misperceptions of peer drinking norms are widely documented in the US student populations and are associated with increased personal consumption. Few studies have examined misperceptions of peer gambling, and none of these have been conducted among adolescents in the European context. In a national sample, we examined misperceptions of peer gambling in Finland. Tenets of the social norms approach form a framework for discussion of the findings. Methods: Participants were 4526 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who completed the nationwide Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey in 2011. Main measures were gambling behavior and the perception of same age-sex peers’ gambling. Misperception was an overestimation of the frequency of gambling by others compared to the actual frequency of gambling. Results: Adolescents held substantial misperceptions of peer gambling, imagining they gambled much more than they actually did. Age, sex, and gambling behavior were correlated with the perceptions. The extent of misperception was greatest among monthly gamblers, whereas non-gamblers and daily gamblers were more accurate in their perceptions. Estimations of peers’ gambling frequency were more accurate in boys than in girls and among those aged 12 years than among older adolescents. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that adolescent gambling prevention efforts could benefit from adopting a social norms approach;that is, correcting gambling-related misperceptions might discourage gambling and protect adolescents from adopting more severe gambling patterns.

Regarding Men as Superior to Women：Impacts of Confucianism on Family Norms in China

Confucianism is one of the important components of Chinese traditional culture, which was considered as an orthodox thought for thousands of years. In this analysis, the impact of Confucianism on family norms,specifically, on labour division, decision making, reproductive behaviours and patterns of support for the elderly within the family sphere are elaborated based on the information from field investigations. It is anticipated that with the far-reaching family planning programme and modernization drive, the traditional ideas will undergo a fundamental change.

Preceding Crops Selection, Colza Seeding Norms and Dates Optimization in North Kazakhstan

Colza is a relatively new crop for North Kazakhstan. The increase of colza seeds production is restricted by its cultivation technology imperfection. Empiric model of colza for seeds cultivation is designed, allowing using its maximum potential. It was found out that correct preceding crops selection, optimization of norms and dates of colza seeding provide seeds heavy weight crops, reducing crops production cost and increasing cost efficiency at 62% average.

Protocol for a Respondent-Driven Sampling Study Exploring the Roles of Peer Norms in HIV-Related Practices of Gay Men

Introduction: Sexual behaviour among gay and other men who have sex with men (GMSM) is influenced by the shared understanding of HIV/STI risk and peer norms regarding sexual behaviour. However, there is little research evidence to support this relationship. The unique geographic spread of Australian communities, the history of Australian HIV epidemic and the different patterns in risky sexual practices and HIV diagnoses across Australia present an opportunity to explore the role of social norms and GMSM behaviours in shaping different patterns of HIV epidemics. We describe the protocol of the study of contemporary norms in networks and communities of GMSM (CONNECT) which investigates gay community behavioural norms and practices. Methods: CONNECT is aimed to 1) identify the patterns of connections between individuals in GMSM communities and assess how they shape HIV-related behaviours;2) describe the relationship between social norms and sexual practices;and 3) compare the norms and patterns of behaviour in geographically and epidemiologically distinct GMSM populations in three Australian states New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia, in order to identify local community norms and barriers to effective HIV prevention. This quantitative cross-sectional study uses respondent-driven sampling (RDS) for recruitment. Results: Analyses will be carried out on individual and community level and will investigate the relationship between community-level behavioural norms and associated practices of individuals. Conclusion: CONNECT is anticipated to inform HIV prevention services to better target and increase the effectiveness of the current health promotion for GMSM in the context of increasing HIV/STI incidence.

Singular Integrals on Product Spaces with Mixed Norms

In this paper,we prove the boundedness of the singular integral operators on product spaces with mixed norms and obtain the endpoint weak-type estimates.

Application of Norms Models with Vectoral System in Construction Projects

Normization, i.e., the system of norms is a structure that defines the group of elements containing the norm values for the requirements of a certain resource. Resources comprise of materials, machines and labor. All the requirements of the measure units of the resources are given statically and with the discrete data. Thus, every slight change in the expense list item reference causes a change in norm and our norm is not flexible and features a discrepancy with the real life situations. In order to achieve a higher level of preciseness and to speed up the technological processes of planning and norming the engines of a company that lead to the regulation of the system, the discrete elements of the working （time-related） norms should be replaced by the dynamic ones. This is made possible through setting up norms models that in turn can be presented by formulae in the vectoral system. The use and implementation of the new technologies in terms of production, computer science and cybernetics provides for upgrading the norm requirements. New working tasks in turn require a new norm standardization, which can be applied to the hydrodemolition of concrete constructions by means of water robots that use high pressure water jets.

Cephalometric norms for a sample of Emirates adults

Introduction—European-American norms are still used in the orthodontic treatment of Emirates patients despite the different ethnic backgrounds of the Emirates. The purpose of this study was to formulate cephalometric norms for lateral cephalometric mea-surements of Emirates adults and to study gender differences. Methods—Lateral cephalometric radio-graphs of 176 Emirates adults, 91 males and 85 fe-males, were selected according to the following crite-ria;an age range between 19 to 25 years, esthetically pleasing and harmonious faces with balanced and acceptable profiles and occlusions, normal skeletal and dental relationship, all permanent teeth present, and no history of orthodontic treatment or facial trauma. The mean values and standard deviations of 91 angular and 21 linear cephalometric variables were calculated using the Dolphin version 10.5 soft-ware package. The resulting norms for Emirates male and female groups were compared using a student t-test. Results—Several statistically significant gender differences were noticeable. Skeletally, Emirates males showed significantly greater (p < 0.001) total, anterior, and posterior cranial base lengths as well as longer facial heights, greater SGn-FH (°), ANS Xi PM (°),and FH/MP (°) angles than females. In addition, Emirates males had significantly greater (p < 0.001) Co-A (mm), Co-Gn (mm), and significantly greater (p < 0.05) Pog-N vert (mm) than females. Dentally, Emirates males had significantly greater (p < 0.05) UI-SN (°) and U1-NA (°), U1-NA (mm), and L1-NB (mm) (p < 0.001) than females. For soft tissue measurements there were significant gender differences (p < 0.001) for all angular and linear measurements except for lower lip to E-plane and nose prominence measurements which have no significant gender difference. Emirates males revealed greater measurements than females except for soft tissue con-vexity, Z-angle, and both upper and lower lips pro-trusion which were significantly greater in Emirates females. Conclusions—The use of specific cephalometric standards for Emirates adults, sep-arate for gender, seems to be justified. It is appropri-ate to put these cephalometric norms into daily or-thodontic practice when Emirates adults are being treated.

Unfaithfulness or Expressiveness？ On KU Hung-ming＇s Translation of Chinese Classics From the Perspective of Translation Norms

As a beak with the traditional ＂prescriptive＂ approach and an important complement to translation theories, translation norms thus open up a descriptive and target-oriented perspective for the translation practice and study. For the successful access of the translation text into the target culture, the translator has to make choices between two languages, texts and cultures, etc.. Thus the translation norms are revealed. This paper shows the operation of translation norms as seen from the English version of Chinese classics by KU Hung-ming and analyzes why KU Hung-ming＇s translation of Confucian classics such as Lun Yu and Zhong Yong enjoyed greater popularity among Western readers than the translation of Western missionaries. The paper also holds that the unfaithful translations regarded by a source text-oriented approach were actually where KU was most successful in implementing his translation strategies to achieve expressiveness.

Age norms for grating acuity and contrast sensitivity measured by Lea tests in the first three years of life

AIM： To determine age norms in the first three years of life for grating visual acuity and contrast sensitivity obtained with Lea grating test and Hiding Heidi low contrast face test. METHODS： Lea grating test was used to estimate binocular grating acuity and Hiding Heidi low contrast face test was used to estimate contrast sensitivity in 600 healthy infants and children. Age ranged from 3 to 36 mo subdivided into 12 groups subjected for full ophthalmologic and pediatric examinations.RESULTS： The grating acuity developed along the first three years of life. It ranged from 1.88±0.32 c/d at 3mo to 30.95±0.77 c/d at 36 mo. The most rapid development was during the first 12 mo and the slowest development was from 30 to 36 mo. The contrast sensitivity showed rapid development in the first two years of life. Its mean value ranged from 4.23±1.17 at 3mo to 78.26±8.21 at 24 mo. It was constant at the highest score（80） thereafter.CONCLUSION： Age norms for grating acuity along with contrast sensitivity offer a more comprehensive measure of spatial vision and should be incorporated in clinical practice for better visual assessment in preverbal and nonverbal children.

NORMS工程公司的建立和发展

NORMS工程公司(南海石油构件机械工程公司)是我国南海石油天然气设备公司与新加坡海洋联合设备维修服务公司合资的中外合资企业,公司设在深圳,成立于1984年底,新方的主要股东是新加坡Levingston船厂(FELS),是世界上一个著名的海洋钻井平台制造厂,在新加坡年营业额达2亿美元以上,NORMS的新方管理人员都是从FELS派出,他们有着近海工程和造船方面的丰富经验,由于中新双方的友好合作,使NORMS公司很快地开拓和发展了近海工程等一系列业务,公司由原来的50人发展到300多人。