Anxiety: a concept analysis

Anxiety is often mentioned in people's daily life,especially in the field of medicine and psychology.For nursing,a clear understanding of anxiety is conducive to clinical nursing practice and research.Under the guidance of the Walker and Avant method,this article conducts a concept analysis of anxiety that provides a comprehensive and rounded analysis of anxiety and helps nurses gain a better understanding of anxiety.

Some of the Conventional Accounting Concepts That Are Not in Accordance With the Paradigm of Islamic Accounting

This paper discusses some of the conventional accounting concepts, such as historical cost concept, conservatism concept, matching concept, objectivity concept, stable monetary unit assumption, and going-concern assumption, which are not in accordance with the Islamic accounting paradigm due to their divergence with some verses of the Holy AI-Qur＇an, the Hadiths of the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him （pbuh）, and the basic of Zakat calculation. This is a conceptual paper describing some of the conventional accounting concepts that are not in accordance with the paradigm of Islamic accounting. The paper concludes that the historical cost concept can be replaced by： current cash equivalent concept, historical cost and current value concepts （market selling price）, current cost concept, historical cost concept in all （except for Zakat purposes） accounting calculations, current valuation concept, and fair value concept. Conservatism concept must be eliminated if historical cost concept is not used anymore. Matching concept can be replaced by asset-liability approach concept. Objectivity concept can be replaced by Zakat accountability concept. Stability of the monetary unit assumption can be replaced by gold or silver measurement, or Dirham currency, and going-concern assumption must be eliminated.

Cognitive frailty in the elderly:a concept analysis

Frailty is a recession of age-related reserves caused by a variety of causes and is becoming the most important clinical syndrome that affects the health of the elderly.In the elderly,frailty and cognitive dysfunction often exist,and some people have proposed cognitive frailty.Cognitive frailty is an elderly syndrome that increases the risk of dementia,in the same time,and can independently predict the adverse health outcomes of the patient and affect the quality of the patient's survival.This paper,under the guidance of Walker and Avant method,provides theoretical basis for early recognition and intervention of cognitive weakness in the elderly.

Rough Control Rule Mining Model Based on Decision Interval Concept Lattice and Its Application

Fusing the structure feature of interval concept lattice and the actual needs of rough control rules,we have constructed the decision interval concept lattice,further more,we also have built a rules mining model of rough control based on decision interval concept lattice,in order to achieve the optimality between rough control mining cost and control efficiency.Firstly,we have preprocessed the collected original data,so that we can transform it into Boolean formal context form,and then we have constructed the decision interval concept lattice in rough control;secondly,we have established the control rules mining algorithm based on decision interval concept lattice.By analyzing and judging redundant rules,we have formed the rough control association rule base in end.Analysis shows that under the premise of improving the reliability of rules,we have achieved the rough control optimization goal between cost and efficiency.Finally,the model of reservoir scheduling has verified its feasibility and efficiency.

Quality of object relations modifies the effectiveness of short- and long-term psychotherapy on self-concept

The quality of object relations affects interpersonal behaviour, but it is not known whether it modifies effectiveness on personality functioning in psychotherapies of different mode and length. In this study we estimated the modifying effect of the quality of object relations on the effect of solution-focused therapy (SFT) and shortand long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (SPP and LPP) on self-concept. A total of 326 patients were assessed at baseline with the Quality of Object Relations Scale (QORS) and 4 times during a 3-year follow-up with the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior self-concept questionnaire, comprising altogether 10 scores on different aspects of self-concept pathology. The effectiveness of SFT, but not SPP, was significantly poorer in several domains (5/10) of self-concept for patients with low QORS, i.e. those with less mature relational patterns, than for patients with high QORS, while the reversal occurred in some (3/10) self-concept domains in LPP. The results suggest that the quality of object relations has significance for treatment selection in therapies with different mode and length.

基于FME Objects的空间数据格式转换方法研究

地理信息数据广泛应用于大测绘、自然资源、建设规划等行业领域的信息分析与存储。因其数据叠加分析与跨专业融合学习的需要,满足数据的定向需求与统一性。本文基于FME Objects的引用库,运用C#语言研究了如何精确、完整实现数据格式转换的程序方法,探寻了含非图形属性文件的转换函数表达方式,解析了程序实现的基础结构。经过诸多数据的转换验证,此系统能够提高数据格式的转换效率且能保证图形要素与属性的完整性,并可生成全面的转换日志与简易的质检文本,为各行业地理信息数据的统一整理提供便利。

Assessing Internal Software Quality Attributes of the Object-Oriented and Service-Oriented Software Development Paradigms: A Comparative Study

Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is becoming the dominant approach for developing and organizing distributed enterprise-wide applications. Although the concepts of SOA have been extensively described in the literature and in-dustry, the effects of adopting SOA on software quality are still unclear. The aim of the paper is to analyze how adopt-ing SOA can affect software quality as opposed to the Object-Oriented (OO) paradigm and expose the differential implications of adopting both paradigms on software quality. The paper provides a brief introduction of the architectural differences between the Service-Oriented (SO) and OO paradigms and a description of internal software quality metrics used for the comparison. The effects and differences are exposed by providing a case study architected for both paradigms. The quantitative measure concluded in the paper showed that a software system developed using SOA approach provides higher reusability and lower coupling among software modules, but at the same time higher complexity than those of the OO approach. It was also found that some of the existing OO software quality metrics are inapplicable to SOA software systems. As a consequence, new metrics need to be developed specifically to SOA software systems.

基于OBE理念的专业课程目标达成评价研究

当前,许多高校专业课程教学存在教学理念缺失、学习目标描述不清、教学方法和考核评价方式单一等诸多问题,势必影响专业人才培养目标的达成,因此,在工程教育认证驱动下,开展专业课程教学改革非常必要。文章以《汽车构造Ⅰ》课程为例,融合OBE理念,制定课程学习目标,剖析课程目标与毕业要求对应关系,构建考核评价体系,从课程成绩考核和学生问卷调查角度定性定量地开展课程目标达成评价,并提出持续改进措施,以期为应用型专业的课程教学改革提供参考。

决策形式背景基于OE-协调性的属性约简

属性约简作为形式概念分析中非常重要的一个研究分支,在三支概念分析中也同样重要。基于对象导出三支概念格,提出了保持决策形式背景OE-协调性的属性约简理论,丰富了三支概念分析的约简理论。首先,定义了决策形式背景的OE-协调集和OE-约简,并将属性按其特征分为3类。其次,指出OE-约简的本质就是极小OE-协调集,给出了OE-协调集的几个判定定理,通过研究OE-协调集的充要条件,获取OE-约简的判定定理。最后,给出OE-差别矩阵和OE-差别函数的定义,并给出了利用OE-差别矩阵和OE-差别函数计算OE-约简的方法。

结合对象属性识别的图像场景图生成方法研究

场景图生成在视觉场景深度理解任务中发挥着重要的作用。现有的场景图生成方法主要关注场景中对象的位置、类别以及对象之间的关系,而忽略了对象属性蕴含的丰富场景语义信息。为了将图像属性语义融入场景图,提出了一种结合对象属性识别的图像场景图生成方法。首先针对属性识别的多标签分类问题,提出了一种基于混合分类器的属性分类损失函数来进行属性识别,通过结合二值交叉熵函数训练的二分类器和改进的团组交叉熵函数训练的多分类器来实现单个属性分类的查准率和多个属性预测的查全率全面提升。其次,通过将属性识别分支与原有场景图框架进行融合,将提取的属性信息作为额外的上下文语义与对象特征进行融合后辅助对象之间关系的识别。最后,模型在VG150数据集上与多个基准模型进行了对比实验,结果表明所提模型的对象属性预测和关系识别均取得了更优的结果。

属性权重动态更新的自适应群体共识决策方法

为了提高不确定语言环境下异构多属性群决策的质量、效率及可解释性,提出一种属性权重动态更新的自适应群体共识决策方法。首先,定义不确定语言变量与中间值之间的转换函数,发展多级共识测度,建立计算属性初始权重的双目标优化模型;进而,构建包含群体共识自动达成规则和属性权重动态更新机制的自适应共识模型,实现待调整值的精准定位和自动修改,在优化属性权重的同时进一步提升群体共识水平;然后,对于达成共识的群体决策矩阵,先利用转换函数将中间值转换为不确定语言变量,再使用属性权重和集结算子得到各方案的综合评价结果;最后,通过供应商选择实例和实验比较分析验证所提方法的有效性和可行性。本文研究结果为灵活、高效地求解复杂环境下的多属性群决策问题提供了有效途径。

属性偏序形式结构的数学形式化

属性偏序形式结构,作为一种基于人类认知原理和粒计算思想的知识发现和知识表示新理论,目前已有广泛的应用,但其理论基础缺乏抽象化数学化,这势必影响该理论的系统发展。针对上述问题,研究了属性偏序形式结构的数学形式化描述问题。首先,基于粒计算的思想提出了知识表示的形式化框架。在此基础上,通过定义对象集合的覆盖和最简覆盖,给出属性偏序形式结构的粒和粒群的概念,进而通过对粒衍生出粒群的充要条件的讨论,给出了属性偏序形式结构中的知识结构,从而完成属性偏序形式结构的数学形式化描述。最后,通过具体实例展示了利用数学形式化描述构造属性偏序形式结构的过程,并揭示了该过程所体现的人类认知规律。

形式背景上近似推理生成决策蕴涵研究

基于形式背景获取决策蕴涵、概念规则等知识是数据分析、机器学习的重要研究内容之一.首先,利用属性逻辑语义对决策蕴涵的特性进行刻画.其次,在经典二值逻辑框架下分析决策蕴涵、概念规则的基于全蕴涵三I推理思想及分离规则(Modus ponens,MP)和逆分离规则(Modus tonens,MT)的近似推理模式的特征,证明决策蕴涵的MP、MT近似推理结论是决策蕴涵,概念规则的MP、MT近似推理结论是概念规则等结论.引进属性逻辑公式的伪距离,在属性逻辑伪距离空间中分析推理对象范围参数变化对决策蕴涵MP、MT近似推理结论的影响.最后,提出若干通过MP、MT近似推理生成决策蕴涵、概念规则及拟决策蕴涵的模式和方法,数值实验验证了所提方法的有效性.

基于OBE理念的小学教育专业课程目标达成评价研究——以《农村优秀教师专业成长》为例

课程目标不仅支撑毕业要求的达成,还决定着课程教学内容、教学方法和课程考核等,是衡量课程教学质量的重要指标,也是促进专业人才培养方案改革的重要推手。基于OBE理念,以保山学院小学教育专业《农村优秀教师专业成长》为例,通过课程目标达成度的计算,发现存在课程目标达成度认识不到位、评价体系不健全、学生职前胜任力不够、持续改进不足等问题,据此,提出提高认识、健全体系和持续改进等措施。

三支概念背景下属性粒化效率的度量

三支概念分析是三支决策与形式概念分析结合的产物,该理论相对于形式概念分析最大的进步是可以同时研究形式背景中“共同具有”和“共同不具有”的信息。属性粒化是一种基于粒度树与剪枝将属性分解为子属性,形成新属性集合的理论。而由于同一粒度树上剪枝众多,如何选择剪枝,确定最优的粒化方向以进行进一步运算成为保证属性粒化效率的关键问题。通过理论推导,证明了原三支概念与属性粒化得到的新三支概念存在紧密的内在联系,以此作为度量属性粒化效率的基础。首先,基于属性粒化层次的关系,将属性粒化层次分为存在偏序关系的属性粒化层次和不存在偏序关系的属性粒化层次。进一步,给到细化系数的含义,并分别阐述了细化系数在2种属性粒化层次中的度量作用,从而达到度量不同属性粒化效率的目的。

GEAR BOX CONCEPT DESIGN EXPERT SYSTEM OF NC MILLER BASED ON OBJECT─ORIENTED TECHNOLOGY

The method and basic structure of object─oriented knowledge representation are presented in detail and the hierarchical structurc of object description is explained Based on object─oriented technology.the gear box concept design expert cistem of NC miller (GBCDLS) has been developed and applied to practical use.Moreover. the design principlc and techniques of GBCDES are discussed and analyzed. and the main functions of GBCDES are described. From the results of applications.it can be seen that GBCDES is effective and successful.

风景园林美的生成机制——基于价值论美学的视角

采用历时梳理与共时比较结合的方法,深入概述国内外风景园林美学研究现状,反思当前风景园林美学理论研究的哲学基础问题。尝试运用价值论美学的哲学观点对风景园林美的生成机制进行分析阐释,从而突破囿于风景园林审美对象及其审美属性的研究现状,梳理风景园林审美主体、审美客体、审美活动的复杂关系。研究认为:风景园林美并非预先存在,而是风景园林客体的审美属性与主体的审美需要在风景园林审美活动中契合而生的一种价值。风景园林美的生成机制包含三个关键因素:风景园林美来源于风景园林的审美属性,取决于主体的审美需要和审美趣味,产生于人对风景园林审美的活动之中。旨在为解决当代风景园林美学中哲学基础、审美对象、生成机制的统一提供一种理论视角,为多元发展的风景园林学科提供一种审美阐释的思路。

生成式人工智能客体属性的挑战与回应

对人工智能是否赋予法律主体的明确回应是启动新一代人工智能立法的先决条件。ChatGPT问世再次引发了学界对AI法律主体性的热议。“主体说”以法律主体的内涵发展与外延扩容作为立论基础,主张通过有限主体、无生命主体等特殊(拟制)概念将人工智能纳入法律主体范畴。这一观点忽视了人工智能的非内生性智能属性和法律拟制主体的生成机理,无法形成理论自洽。从当前人工智能发展水平来看,它依然缺失作为法律主体的基本要件,也不符合主体的社会性、实践性要求,将其纳入法律主体范畴不仅会消释人的尊严,还会颠覆传统主体的理性内涵与道德属性。

目标执行理念的针对性干预对主动脉夹层开胸手术患者术后康复情况及生活质量的影响

目的:探究基于目标执行理念的针对性干预对主动脉夹层(AD)开胸手术患者术后康复情况及生活质量的影响。方法:采用随机数字表法将某院自2021年2月至2023年10月收治的80例行AD开胸手术的患者分为观察组和对照组,各40例。对照组接受常规AD开胸手术护理干预,在此基础上,观察组接受基于目标执行理念的针对性干预,比较两组患者术后康复情况、自我护理能力、护理满意度以及生活质量。结果:观察组患者术后首次下床活动时间、住院天数均短于对照组(t=5.140,5.780;P<0.05),干预后,观察组疼痛程度低于对照组(t=3.232,P<0.05);干预后,观察组患者自我护理能力总分高于对照组(t=22.731,P<0.05);观察组护理满意度总分显著高于对照组(t=9.347,P<0.05);出院3个月后,观察组生活质量各项及总分高于对照组(t=10.457,11.525,10.499,8.243,7.720,6.516,10.027,19.004;P<0.05)。结论:目标执行理念的针对性干预AD开胸手术患者能有效促进患者术后康复,对患者疼痛程度、生活质量、自我护理能力改善作用显著,且临床护理满意度高。

社会政策的概念、范式与理论框架——兼论社会政策的历史渊源

社会政策是一个极为重要的学术领地和政策场域,但其基础概念、范围边界和历史脉络仍有许多模糊之处。本文尝试沿着历史和理论两条发展线索来梳理澄清社会政策的概念、范式与框架。历史上,社会政策起源于德国和英国。在19世纪中期的德国,“讲坛社会主义者”着眼于国民经济大视野创建和发展了社会政策的概念,并建立了影响深远的“社会政策协会”。英国则是在费边社会主义思潮的影响下于20世纪中叶开启了对社会政策的概念论述,并将其作为实现渐进式社会改良的重要途径之一。理论上,盎格鲁-撒克逊和德国学术界对社会政策进行了概念界定和学科范围划定,促使其在综合汲取的基础上逐步完成了知识构建的自主化和本我化。基于社会政策的历史和理论叙事,本文从互助馈赠关系、国家与社会之间的“区分”和“介入”关系,以及社会与系统“双整合”功能三个层面来建构现代社会政策理论。本文的边际贡献是在社会政策与普遍社会科学理论之间建立理论对话的通道,为社会政策提供一般意义上的理论解释框架。