Fresh Processing Technology in Polygonatum odoratum Production Area and Its Comparison with Traditional Processing

[Objectives]To compare the effects of traditional processing and fresh processing on the quality of Polygonatum odoratum decoction piece.[Methods]The effects of fresh processing and traditional processing on the quality of P.odoratum decoction piece were compared and analyzed with appearance characteristics,total ash content,extract content,total polysaccharides content,and total flavonoids content as the evaluation indexes.[Results]Fresh processing method in different production areas has different effects on P.odoratum decoction piece.P.odoratum was dried in oven of 50℃.When moisture content was 41.44%-59.67%,it was cut.After complete drying at 50℃,the moisture content of dried P.odoratum was 8.94%-9.60%,and ethanol-soluble extract content was 77.29%-78.20%,and water-soluble extract was 77.7%-78.14%.At this time,the appearance characteristics of section of P.odoratum decoction piece were better than that of traditional processing,which was yellowish white.The total polysaccharide content was higher than that of traditional processing,and the content of total flavonoids was statistically significant different from that of traditional processing.[Conclusions]The quality of P.odoratum decoction piece by fresh processing is better than that of the traditional processing,and it is feasible to use fresh processing.

入侵物种飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)化学成分及生物活性研究进展

就外来入侵恶性杂草飞机草(Eupatorium odoratum)的化学成分及生物活性研究情况进行综述,旨在为治理和综合利用飞机草工作提供参考依据.

玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce)凝集素的荧光淬灭研究

百合科植物玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.)Druce)的根状茎经生理盐水浸取、硫酸铵分级沉淀、CM-Sepharose柱离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-200凝胶过滤,得到经SDS-PAGE检测为14.2kD的单一蛋白条带的玉竹凝集素(Polygonatum odoratumlectin,简称POL).荧光淬灭剂丙烯酰胺、KI和CsCl对POL的内源荧光淬灭研究表明它们对凝集素分子荧光的淬灭过程属动态淬灭机制.其中玉竹凝集素中Trp残基对中性淬灭剂丙烯酰胺的可接近程度达到81%,而阴离子淬灭剂I-、阳离子淬灭剂Cs+仅淬灭POL 50%和45%的荧光.表明玉竹凝集素产生荧光的氨基酸残基大部分是位于分子表面和近表面带电荷的沟槽内,并且Trp残基周围有大约等量的正、负电荷分布.

Two new homoisoflavanones from Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce

Two new homoisoflavanones were isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum(Mill.) Druce and their structures were elucidated as(3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxy-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6-methylchrom-an-4-one(1) and(3R)-5,7,8-trihydroxy-3-(4- hydroxybenzyl)-6-methylchroman-4-one(2),on the basis of spectral analysis.

A New Furostanol Glycoside from Polygonatum odoratum

A new furostanol component glycosylated only at C-26 was isolated from the rhizomes of Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.) Druce, and its structure was characterized as 22-hydroxy-25(R and S) furost-5-en-12-on-3b, 22, 26-triol 26-O-b-D-glucopyranoside on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.

Anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of methanolic extracts from leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum

Objective: To investigate anti-hemolytic, antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of leaf and stem extracts from Polygonum odoratum. Methods: Leaves and stems of Polygonum odoratum were extracted using methanol and their anti-hemolytic activity was assessed using 2, 2′-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride which is known to generate free radical damage on cell membranes of red blood cells. This damage, represented by hemolysis, was measured using spectrophotometry. Antibacterial activity was tested by using a broth microdilution method to find minimal inhibitory concentrations against eight bacterial strains. Anti-cancer activity of the extracts was evaluated against a human promyelocytic leukemic cell line(HL-60) by using MTT assay for cell viability and flow cytometry for apoptosis induction and cell cycle analysis. Results: Both leaf and stem extracts have anti-hemolytic activity. The results showed a significantly increased percentage of inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner. Interestingly, the leaf extract showed anti-hemolytic activity to a greater extent than the stem extract. Antibacterial activity of the extracts, as indicated by their minimal inhibitory concentration, using 12.5, 50, 25, 25 μg/mL, was measured against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. The leaf extracts also exhibited anti-cancer activity, demonstrated by significantly decreased cell viability of human promyelocytic cells(HL-60), with an IC_(50) of(350.00±1.85) μg/mL for 48 h and(38.00±0.92) μg/mL for 72 h. Additionally, HL-60 became apoptotic and accumulated in G_1-phase after 48 hours of treatment. Conclusions: The extracts of Polygonum odoratum exhibit potential antihemolytic activity. They also have antibacterial activity by inhibiting growth of Gram-positive bacteria. The leaf extract shows anti-cancer activity against HL-60 to a greater extent than the stem extract, causing decreased viability, increased G_1-phase accumulation and apoptosis induction.

Allelopathic Potentials of Some Crop Residues on the Germination and Seedling Growth of Chromolaena Odoratum L.

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of rice husk （Orza sativa L.） and sorghum stem （Sorghum bicolor L.） on the germination and seedling growth of Chromolaena odoratum L. were investigated. The extracts of the two crop residues exhibited inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of Chromolaena odoratum L. The degree of retardation demonstrated in both extracts was concentration dependent. However the results obtained revealed that the retardation was more pronounced in the rice husk extract-treated seeds. However statistical analysis （P 〈 0.05% level） revealed that the degrees of inhibition of radicle and plumule obtained from various extracts treated seeds of both extracts were not significantly different when compared to those obtained from the control experiments as well as those obtained from the varying extract concentrations.

Habitat Factor Analysis of Alien Invasive Plant Eupatorium odoratum in Guangxi Province of China

The invasion pattern of Eupatorium odoratum in invasion area was studied by random plot sampling method. Eighteen habitat factors of E. odoratum sampling plots such as altitude, gradient and exposure were quantified to precisely describe the invasion patterns of E. odoratum in various habitats with different characteristics, and carried out principal component analysis （PCA）. The results showed that the ecological information of 18 habitat factors of E. odoratum could be characterized by four comprehensive factors. The occurrence frequency of E. odoratum had positive eorrelation with the ecological factors such as exposure, soil moisture, total number of plants, number of shrubs, weeds height, distance form water source, farmland distance, air humidity, arbor height, arbor size, altitude, gradient, number of plant species and weeds coverage, which had negative correlation with air temperature.

Antifungal Enantiomeric Styrylpyrones from Sanrafaelia ruffonammari and Ophrypetalum odoratum

Phytochemical investigation of Sanrafaelia ruffonammari Verd and Ophrypetalum odoratum Diels that belongs to the rare genera confined to East African coastal forests led to the isolation of enantiomeric styrylpyrone dimer,(±)-5-methoxy-7-phenyl-[4-methoxy-2-pyronyl]-1-(E)-styryl-2-oxabicyclo-[4.2.0]-octa-4-en-3-one(1)alongside(?)-6-styryl-7,8-epoxy-4-methoxypyran-2-one(2)and the enantiomeric(?)-(3)and(-)-6-styryl-7,8-dihydroxy-4-methoxypyran-2-ones(4).Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic methods.In this paper we reveal for the first time the occurrence of styrylpyrones in East African biodiversity.(?)-6-Styryl-7,8-epoxy-4-methoxypyran-2-one(2)and the dihydroxystyrylpyrone enantiomer(3)showed in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans at a concentration of 24.4 and 26.2 lM with zones of inhibition of 17 and 9 mm,respectively.Compound 2 exhibited strong activity in the brine shrimp test with LC50=1.7 lg/mL.Their high cytotoxic and antifungal activities render them candidates for further scientific attention for drug development programs against cancer and microbial infections.

Effects of Different Propagation Materials and Cultivation Years on the Yield of Polygonatum odoratum under the Forest

This paper mainly studies the effects of different propagation materials and cultivation years on the yield of Polygonatum odoratum under the forest.In this study,the cultivation experiment of P.odoratum was carried out by using the stem tip,stem body and seeds of P.odoratum as propagation materials.The yield of P.odoratum in different cultivation years with propagation by rhizome was also investigated.That is,the continuous growth of P.odoratum and the yield of P.odoratum each year after cultivation was statistically analyzed.The results showed that the germination rate under stem tip cultivation was fast,and the emergence time was also fast,which was more than 2 weeks earlier than that under stem body cultivation,and the seedling emergence rate reached 100%.The stem body was a new plant formed by sprouting from the buds of internodes,and the emergence rate was more than 95%.P.odoratum propagated by rhizome was harvested in the third or fourth year after cultivation,and the third year was the best harvest time.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharide on Reproductive Hormones in Male Rats Fed a High-fat Diet

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)on organ relative weights and reproductive hormone levels in male rats fed a high-fat diet.[Methods]Thirty healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into two groups according to their body weight:10 in normal control group(Group NC,n=10)and 20 in experimental group(n=20).The rats in experimental group were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks before they were further randomly divided into two groups:high fat group(Group HF)and high fat+400 mg/(kg·d)POP group(Group HF+POP).In Group HF+POP,the rats were administered with POP for another six weeks,before their blood plasma was collected,and the relative weights of their testis and epididymis were calculated.The plasma levels of testosterone(T),estrogen(E2),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),cortisol(C)and luteinizing hormone(LH)were measured by radioimmunoassay,and the plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin(SHBG)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.[Results]Compared with Group HF,POP could effectively inhibit rat obesity caused by high-fat diets,increase the relative weights of their testis and epididymis,plasma levels of LH,E2,FSH,T,SHBG and IGF-1,and reduce the plasma level of E2.[Conclusions]Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharide(POP)is able to effectively regulate the level of reproductive hormones in high-fat diet fed rats,and helps to protect their reproductive function.

Effects of Polygonatum odoratum Polysaccharides on the Quality of White Chili Peppers in Jars

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides on the quality of white chili peppers in jars.[Methods]White chili peppers were pickled by adding different concentrations of P.odoratum polysaccharides with traditional pickling technology,and its nitrite content,pH and sensory quality were analyzed and detected.[Results]The results showed that,compared with the control group without adding P.odoratum polysaccharides,the nitrite content in white chili peppers in jars decreased after adding P.odoratum polysaccharides.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharides was 0.002%,the inhibition rate of nitrite reached the maximum.Under the same fermentation time,P.odoratum polysaccharides could significantly reduce the pH value of pickles.When the addition amount of P.odoratum polysaccharide was 0.002%and the pickling time was 3 months,the sensory quality of white chili peppers in jars was the best.At this point,white chili peppers in jars had rich aroma and tasted soft and sour,and the sour and salinity were suitable.As the fermentation time continued to increase,the chili aroma of white chili peppers in jars gradually decreased,and the sour taste became more pronounced.[Conclusions]This study can provide reference for the safety and quality control of white chili peppers in jars.

A review on the application,phytochemistry and pharmacology of Polygonatum odoratum,an edible medicinal plant

Polygonatum odoratum is distributed in several countries around the world as a medicinal and dual-use plant,and its rhizomes are used in China as a traditional Chinese medicine,also as vegetables,foods,functional foods or tea,with a history of application for more than 2000 years,with precise efficacy and no toxic side effects.However,few reviews are published on its chemical composition and its pharmacological effects.There are many components of P.odoratum,including steroidal saponins,homoisoflavanones,isoflavones,flavonoids,alkaloids,lignin,volatile oil,polysaccharides and lectins.In this review,recent advances of the history and consumption of P.odoratum,the types of chemical components,and the pharmacological effects manifested in antitumour and anticancer,antioxidant,slowing senescence,relieving fatigue and immune regulation are summarized and discussed.Presumably,the main active ingredients of the plant are homoisoflavanones,polysaccharides,saponins,and lectins.The review provides a reference for its development and utilization in the field of functional food and medicine in the future.

Sortilin-induced lipid accumulation and atherogenesis are suppressed by HNF1b SUMOylation promoted by flavone of Polygonatum odoratum

This study aims to investigate the impact of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1β(HNF1b)on macrophage sortilin-mediated lipid metabolism and aortic atherosclerosis and explore the role of the flavone of Polygonatum odoratum(PAOA-flavone)-promoted small ubiquitin-related modifier(SUMO)modification in the atheroprotective efficacy of HNF1b.HNF1b was predicted to be a transcriptional regulator of sortilin expression via bioinformatics,dual-luciferase reporter gene assay,and chromatin immunoprecipitation.HNF1b overexpression decreased sortilin expression and cellular lipid contents in THP-1 macrophages,leading to a depression in atherosclerotic plaque formation in low-density lipoprotein(LDL)receptor-deficient(LDLR−/−)mice.Multiple SUMO1-modified sites were identified on the HNF1b protein and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed its SUMO1 modification.The SUMOylation of HNF1b protein enhanced the HNF1b-inhibited effect on sortilin expression and reduced lipid contents in macrophages.PAOA-flavone treatment promoted SUMO-activating enzyme subunit 1(SAE1)expression and SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein,which prevented sortilin-mediated lipid accumulation in macrophages and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apolipoprotein E-deficient(ApoE−/−)mice.Interference with SAE1 abrogated the improvement in lipid metabolism in macrophage cells and atheroprotective efficacy in vivo upon PAOA-flavone administration.In summary,HNF1b transcriptionally suppressed sortilin expression and macrophage lipid accumulation to inhibit aortic lipid deposition and the development of atherosclerosis.This anti-atherosclerotic effect was enhanced by PAOA-flavone-facilitated,SAE1-catalyzed SUMOylation of the HNF1b protein.

玉竹引种试验及栽培技术和加工方法

玉竹是医学上常用的药材之一,具养阴、润燥、润肺、生津止渴的功效。近年来,大健康产业背景下,玉竹在全国的种植面积不断扩大,中药材市场对玉竹的需求日益增加,人们对标准化种植与加工技术的需求变得十分迫切。从不同的玉竹引种试验情况,主栽品系的形态特征、栽培方法、田间管理和病虫害防治等方面进行了阐述,对采收时间和不同加工方式进行了探讨。同时,对玉竹未来研究方向和发展前景进行了展望,旨在为玉竹栽培与加工技术提供科学研究依据。

清远市地标药材连州玉竹不同采收时期的质量及安全性评价

目的对清远市地标药材连州玉竹不同采收时期的质量及安全性进行评价,确定最佳采收时期。方法采集6月~次年2月采收的连州玉竹,利用紫外-可见分光光度法,测定总多糖、总黄酮、总皂苷的含量;利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法,检测重金属及有害元素(铅、镉、砷、汞、铜);利用气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)法、液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)法,检测33种禁用农药残留量。结果6月~次年2月,连州玉竹中总多糖含量随采收时间逐渐增长,到10月达到最高,至次年2月维持在同一水平;总黄酮、总皂苷的含量无明显变化;不同采收时期连州玉竹的重金属及有害元素、33种禁用农药残留量均在规定的安全范围内。结论连州玉竹的最佳采收时期为10月至次年2月。

不同品系湘玉竹主要功能成分及抗氧化和抗糖基化活性

为探究不同品系湘玉竹主要功能成分的含量及其抗氧化和抗糖基化能力,以邵东麻杆、红杆、连竹、红杆猪屎尾、猪屎尾5个品系湘玉竹为试材,测定其主要功能成分,初步研究其抗氧化能力和抗糖基化活性,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明,猪屎尾的水分含量最低,为(65.05±0.66)%,折干率最高;麻杆的硬度最低,为(511.39±59.96)g,灰分、蛋白质、总酚、总黄酮、还原糖、多糖的含量均最高,分别为(3.09±0.12)%、(5.99±0.03)%、(20.57±2.42)、(1.55±0.07)、(38.37±0.72)、(78.66±1.73)mg/g。5个品系玉竹提取液中,麻杆的抗氧化和抗糖基化活性最好,当麻杆质量浓度为300 mg/mL时,麻杆对DPPH自由基的清除率达(97.38±1.91)%,半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration,IC50)值为(115.80±5.70)mg/mL;当质量浓度为150 mg/mL时,对ABTS+阳离子自由基的清除率达(87.27±3.21)%,IC_(50)值为(75.52±4.06)mg/mL;当质量浓度为1.25 mg/mL时,对体外糖基化终产物的抑制能力达(87.38±1.17)%。铁离子还原能力值为(8.88±0.21)μmol/g,氧自由基吸收能力值为(0.57±0.01)mmol/g。5个品系中,麻杆玉竹功能成分含量最高,抗氧化和抗糖基化能力最强。

玉竹地上部位化学成分及其α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

目的:研究玉竹地上部位的化学成分及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性。方法:采用大孔吸附树脂HP-20、Sephadex LH-20、MCI gel CHP 20P、Chromatorex C18、半制备型高效液相等色谱法对玉竹地上部位75%甲醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR等波谱技术对化合物进行结构鉴定,并采用α-葡萄糖苷酶活性筛选模型对部分化合物进行活性筛选。结果:从玉竹地上部位中分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为:对羟基苯甲酸(1)、芹菜素-6-C-葡萄糖苷(2)、异金雀花素(3)、异槲皮苷(4)、肥皂草苷(5)、山柰酚-3-O-β-芸香苷(6)、芦丁(7)、异鼠李素-3-O-芸香苷(8)、牡荆素-2″-O-葡萄糖苷(9)、牡荆素-4″-O-葡萄糖苷(10)、牡荆素-2″-O-β-D-(6‴-乙酰基)-葡萄糖苷(11)、异牡荆素-2″-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(12)、芹菜素-6-C-阿拉伯糖-葡萄糖苷(13)、槲皮素-7-O-[α-L-鼠李糖-(1→6)-β-D-半乳糖苷](14)、金圣草黄素-7-O-槐糖苷(15)、金圣草黄素-7-O-[β-D-芹菜糖-(1→6)]-β-D-葡萄糖苷(16),并筛选了部分化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。结论:其中,化合物2~6、10~16为首次从该植物中分离得到。化合物2具有显著的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。

玉竹多糖对顺铂诱导小鼠急性肾损伤的作用及其铁死亡机制

目的:探讨玉竹多糖(POP)对顺铂诱导的急性肾损伤(AKI)模型小鼠的作用,并阐明其可能的作用机制。方法:40只雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、POP组和铁死亡诱导剂Erastin联合POP组(Erastin+POP组),每组10只。POP组和Erastin+POP组小鼠灌胃POP(400 mg·kg^(-1)),第7天时,模型组、POP组和Erastin+POP组小鼠均腹腔注射顺铂(20 mg·kg^(-1))制备AKI模型,对照组小鼠腹腔注射等体积生理盐水,Erastin+POP组小鼠提前1 d (即实验第6天)腹腔注射Erastin (40 mg·kg^(-1))。9 d后处死小鼠,收集血清和肾组织,试剂盒检测各组小鼠血清肌酐(Scr)和血尿素氮(BUN)水平及肾组织中丙二醛(MDA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平,HE染色观察各组小鼠肾组织病理形态表现,免疫组织化学染色法检测各组小鼠肾组织中铁死亡抑制蛋白1(FSP1)、铁蛋白重链1 (FTH1)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4 (GPX4)蛋白表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组小鼠肾组织中肾脏核因子E2相关因子2 (Nrf2)和血红素氧合酶1 (HO-1)蛋白表达水平。结果:与对照组比较,模型组小鼠血清中Scr和BUN水平均明显升高(P<0.01),肾组织中MDA水平明显升高(P<0.01),GSH水平明显降低(P<0.01);多数肾小管管腔扩张,上皮细胞肿胀,空泡变性,上皮细胞脱落,管腔内可见蛋白样管型;肾组织中FSP1、FTH1、GPX4、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,POP组小鼠血清中Scr和BUN水平均明显降低(P<0.01),肾组织中MDA水平降低(P<0.01),GSH水平升高(P<0.01);肾小管管腔扩张,上皮细胞肿胀,空泡变性,上皮细胞脱落均有减少;肾组织中FSP1、FTH1、GPX4、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与POP组比较,Erastin+POP组小鼠血清中Scr和BUN水平均明显升高(P<0.01),肾组织中MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05),GSH水平明显降低(P<0.01);肾组织病理损伤明显加重;肾组织中FSP1、FTH1、GPX4、Nrf2和HO-1蛋白表达水平降低(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:POP可减轻顺铂诱导的小鼠AKI,其机制可能与POP抑制顺铂引起的铁死亡有关。

两种同属食药同源植物黄精与玉竹代谢组学比较分析

采用代谢组学方法比较分析了同属食药同源植物黄精和玉竹代谢物质的组成及差异。利用基于超高效液相色谱-质谱联用技术(UHPLC-MS)的非靶向代谢组学技术,对黄精与玉竹的根部进行了分析。两种中药共检测到583个差异代谢物,玉竹与黄精相比,其中共有536个代谢物含量显著上升,47个代谢物含量显著下降。在这些代谢物中,有150种黄酮类化合物在黄精和玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:139种显著上调,11种显著下调。甾体皂苷类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到110种,其中:93种显著上调,17种显著下调。生物碱类化合物在黄精和玉竹中共检测到73种,其中:61种显著上调,12种显著下调。98种酚酸类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:96种显著上调,2种显著下调。48种萜类化合物在黄精与玉竹中存在显著性差异,其中:47种显著上调,1种显著下调。这些研究结果可为黄精与玉竹的开发研究提供理论依据。