With the rapid development of the fields of tumor biology and immunology, tumor immunotherapy has been used in clinical practice and has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, particularly for treating tumors...With the rapid development of the fields of tumor biology and immunology, tumor immunotherapy has been used in clinical practice and has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, particularly for treating tumors that do not respond to standard treatment options. Despite its advances, immunotherapy still has limitations, such as poor clinical response rates and differences in individual patient responses, largely because tumor tissues have strong immunosuppressive microenvironments. Many tumors have a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and substantial numbers of immunosuppressive cells, and these are the main factors limiting the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. The TME is crucial to the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to improving the effects of immunotherapy by remodeling the TME. Effective regulation of the TME and reversal of immunosuppressive conditions are effective strategies for improving tumor immunotherapy. The use of multidrug combinations to improve the TME is an efficient way to enhance antitumor immune efficacy. However, the inability to effectively target drugs decreases therapeutic effects and causes toxic side effects. Nanodrug delivery carriers have the advantageous ability to enhance drug bioavailability and improve drug targeting. Importantly, they can also regulate the TME and deliver large or small therapeutic molecules to decrease the inhibitory effect of the TME on immune cells. Therefore, nanomedicine has great potential for reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironments and represents a new immunotherapeutic strategy. Therefore, this article reviews strategies for improving the TME and summarizes research on synergistic nanomedicine approaches that enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.展开更多
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, many hospitals were built or renovated around the world to meet the challenges posed by the rising number of infected cases. Environmental management in the ho...During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, many hospitals were built or renovated around the world to meet the challenges posed by the rising number of infected cases. Environmental management in the hospital life cycle is vital in preventing nosocomial infection and includes many infection control procedures. In certain urgent situations, a hospital must be completed quickly, and work process approval and supervision must therefore be accelerated. Thus, many works cannot be checked in detail. This results in a lack of work liability control and increases the difficulty of ensuring the fulfillment of key infection prevention measures. This study investigates how blockchain technology can transform the work quality inspection workflow to assist in nosocomial infection control under a fast delivery requirement. A blockchain-based life-cycle environmental management framework is proposed to track the fulfillment of crucial infection control measures in the design, construction, and operation stages of hospitals. The proposed framework allows for work quality checking after the work is completed, when some work cannot be checked on time. Illustrative use cases are selected to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed solution. This study provides new insights into applying blockchain technology to address the challenge of environmental management brought by rapid delivery requirements.展开更多
Natural killer (NK) cells eliminate a large variety of tumor cells and abnormal cells. However, NK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often functionally depleted. A few subsets of NK cells even promote tumo...Natural killer (NK) cells eliminate a large variety of tumor cells and abnormal cells. However, NK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often functionally depleted. A few subsets of NK cells even promote tumor growth. This study reviewed the biological properties of NK cells, the dynamic phenotypic changes of NK cells in the TME, and the communication between NK cells and other immune and nonimmune cells.展开更多
Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a predominant cause of treatment failure. In this study, we developed an in situ injectable hydrogel, termed MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel, which was locally formed within the tumor rese...Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a predominant cause of treatment failure. In this study, we developed an in situ injectable hydrogel, termed MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel, which was locally formed within the tumor resection cavity. The MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel was fabricated by mixing a thrombin solution, a fibrinogen solution containing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and a Mn/NO-based immune nano-activator termed MPB-NO@DOX. ATRA promoted the differentiation of cancer stem cells, inhibited cancer cell migration, and affected the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. The outer MnO2 shell disintegrated due to its reaction with glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in the cytoplasm to release Mn2+ and produce O2, resulting in the release of doxorubicin (DOX). The released DOX entered the nucleus and destroyed DNA, and the fragmented DNA cooperated with Mn2+ to activate the cGAS-STING pathway and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. In addition, when MPB-NO@DOX was exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation, the Fe-NO bond was broken to release NO, which downregulated the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, the MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy. The results of this study demonstrated the great potential of in situ injectable hydrogels in preventing postoperative tumor recurrence.展开更多
The influence of origin, depositional environment and thermal maturity of organic matter on the occurrence of aromatic hydrocarbons in source rocks from the central and northwestern Niger Delta was investigated. Eight...The influence of origin, depositional environment and thermal maturity of organic matter on the occurrence of aromatic hydrocarbons in source rocks from the central and northwestern Niger Delta was investigated. Eighty two source rock samples from four oil wells in the central and northwestern Niger Delta were analyzed for the aromatic hydrocarbon content using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of the source rock extracts show the presence of many classes of aromatic hydrocarbons, which include naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, biphenyls, dibenzothiophenes and fluorenes. Trimethylnaphthalene (TMN) is the most abundant among the naphthalenes while dimethylphenanthrene (DMP) is the most abundant among the phenanthrenes. Among the biphenyls, 3-methylbiphenyl (3 MB) is the most abundant while 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4MDBT) is the most abundant among the dibenzothiphenes. Only two fluorenes were detected, and fluorene is more in abundance than 1-methylfluorene (1 MF). Depositional environment indicators of aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter reveal that the organic materials in the source rocks in these wells were deposited in marine-to-swamp depositional environments under reducing to suboxic conditions. Thermal maturity indicators calculated from the abundance of the aromatic hydrocarbons indicate that the source rock samples are thermally mature. Most of the source rocks are at the peak of oil window while a few at the early oil window. Source rocks from wells GB, OP and OT in the central Niger Delta are thermally more mature than those from well AW in the northwestern Niger Delta.展开更多
根据福建九龙江河口ZKl孔及ZK7孔沉积物AMS （Accelerator Mass Spectrometry，加速器质谱测年技术）14C测年、古地磁和剖面特征分析，进行该地区的第四纪地层划分，依据粒度特征，结合磁化率、微体古生物和Sr／Ba等环境代用指标进行沉...根据福建九龙江河口ZKl孔及ZK7孔沉积物AMS （Accelerator Mass Spectrometry，加速器质谱测年技术）14C测年、古地磁和剖面特征分析，进行该地区的第四纪地层划分，依据粒度特征，结合磁化率、微体古生物和Sr／Ba等环境代用指标进行沉积相分析，重建了该区晚第四纪的古环境演变历史。结果表明：（1）九龙江河口第四纪沉积时代为晚更新世中期至全新世晚期。（2）上更新统沉积可划分为下部龙海组洪冲积相和上部东山组河漫滩相沉积，中间有10ka的沉积间断，末次冰期又再遭受风化剥蚀作用，推测有5—6ka的风化剥蚀期。（3）全新统最早沉积年代约为14kaBP，依次出现河口湾相、河口砂坝一分汊河道相、潮滩相沉积。（4）根据年代学数据和沉积相变化，重塑了该区晚第四纪沉积环境变化过程，为该区的第四纪研究和工程地质工作提供了参考依据。展开更多
文摘With the rapid development of the fields of tumor biology and immunology, tumor immunotherapy has been used in clinical practice and has demonstrated significant therapeutic potential, particularly for treating tumors that do not respond to standard treatment options. Despite its advances, immunotherapy still has limitations, such as poor clinical response rates and differences in individual patient responses, largely because tumor tissues have strong immunosuppressive microenvironments. Many tumors have a tumor microenvironment (TME) that is characterized by hypoxia, low pH, and substantial numbers of immunosuppressive cells, and these are the main factors limiting the efficacy of antitumor immunotherapy. The TME is crucial to the occurrence, growth, and metastasis of tumors. Therefore, numerous studies have been devoted to improving the effects of immunotherapy by remodeling the TME. Effective regulation of the TME and reversal of immunosuppressive conditions are effective strategies for improving tumor immunotherapy. The use of multidrug combinations to improve the TME is an efficient way to enhance antitumor immune efficacy. However, the inability to effectively target drugs decreases therapeutic effects and causes toxic side effects. Nanodrug delivery carriers have the advantageous ability to enhance drug bioavailability and improve drug targeting. Importantly, they can also regulate the TME and deliver large or small therapeutic molecules to decrease the inhibitory effect of the TME on immune cells. Therefore, nanomedicine has great potential for reprogramming immunosuppressive microenvironments and represents a new immunotherapeutic strategy. Therefore, this article reviews strategies for improving the TME and summarizes research on synergistic nanomedicine approaches that enhance the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71732001,51878311,72271106,U21A20151,and 71821001)Engineering Fronts Project(2021-HYZD-5-13)+1 种基金Major Science&Technology Project of Hubei(2020ACA006)China Scholarship Council(202006160115).
文摘During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, many hospitals were built or renovated around the world to meet the challenges posed by the rising number of infected cases. Environmental management in the hospital life cycle is vital in preventing nosocomial infection and includes many infection control procedures. In certain urgent situations, a hospital must be completed quickly, and work process approval and supervision must therefore be accelerated. Thus, many works cannot be checked in detail. This results in a lack of work liability control and increases the difficulty of ensuring the fulfillment of key infection prevention measures. This study investigates how blockchain technology can transform the work quality inspection workflow to assist in nosocomial infection control under a fast delivery requirement. A blockchain-based life-cycle environmental management framework is proposed to track the fulfillment of crucial infection control measures in the design, construction, and operation stages of hospitals. The proposed framework allows for work quality checking after the work is completed, when some work cannot be checked on time. Illustrative use cases are selected to demonstrate the capabilities of the developed solution. This study provides new insights into applying blockchain technology to address the challenge of environmental management brought by rapid delivery requirements.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81872200,and 31900558)the Hubei Provincial Youth Talents Program for Public Health China(No.WSJKRC2022013)+3 种基金Wuhan Young and Middle-aged Medical Backbone Talents Training Project China(No.WHQG201904)the Yellow Crane Talent Program of Wuhan City China(No.HHYC2019002)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province China(No.2020CFB298)the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Science,Technology and Innovation Seed Fund(No.ZNPY2018090,and ZNPY2019002),China.
文摘Natural killer (NK) cells eliminate a large variety of tumor cells and abnormal cells. However, NK cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are often functionally depleted. A few subsets of NK cells even promote tumor growth. This study reviewed the biological properties of NK cells, the dynamic phenotypic changes of NK cells in the TME, and the communication between NK cells and other immune and nonimmune cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82003298)the Scientiffc and Technological Project of Henan Province(No.232102310392)+5 种基金the Key Research and Development Projects of Henan Province(No.222102310453,212102311025)Postdoctoral Research Grant in Henan Province(No.201901025)the Key Research Project of Henan Higher Education Institutions(No.18A350003)Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Targeting Therapy and Diagnosis for Critical Diseases,Henan Province(No.NMZL2020102)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0035)the Scientiffc Research Seedling Project of Chongqing Medicinal Biotechnology Association(No.cmba2022kyym-zkxmQ0009).
文摘Postoperative tumor recurrence remains a predominant cause of treatment failure. In this study, we developed an in situ injectable hydrogel, termed MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel, which was locally formed within the tumor resection cavity. The MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel was fabricated by mixing a thrombin solution, a fibrinogen solution containing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and a Mn/NO-based immune nano-activator termed MPB-NO@DOX. ATRA promoted the differentiation of cancer stem cells, inhibited cancer cell migration, and affected the polarization of tumor-associated macrophages. The outer MnO2 shell disintegrated due to its reaction with glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in the cytoplasm to release Mn2+ and produce O2, resulting in the release of doxorubicin (DOX). The released DOX entered the nucleus and destroyed DNA, and the fragmented DNA cooperated with Mn2+ to activate the cGAS-STING pathway and stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. In addition, when MPB-NO@DOX was exposed to 808 nm laser irradiation, the Fe-NO bond was broken to release NO, which downregulated the expression of PD-L1 on the surface of tumor cells and reversed the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, the MPB-NO@DOX + ATRA gel exhibited excellent anti-tumor efficacy. The results of this study demonstrated the great potential of in situ injectable hydrogels in preventing postoperative tumor recurrence.
文摘The influence of origin, depositional environment and thermal maturity of organic matter on the occurrence of aromatic hydrocarbons in source rocks from the central and northwestern Niger Delta was investigated. Eighty two source rock samples from four oil wells in the central and northwestern Niger Delta were analyzed for the aromatic hydrocarbon content using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results of analysis of aromatic hydrocarbon fractions of the source rock extracts show the presence of many classes of aromatic hydrocarbons, which include naphthalenes, phenanthrenes, biphenyls, dibenzothiophenes and fluorenes. Trimethylnaphthalene (TMN) is the most abundant among the naphthalenes while dimethylphenanthrene (DMP) is the most abundant among the phenanthrenes. Among the biphenyls, 3-methylbiphenyl (3 MB) is the most abundant while 4-methyldibenzothiophene (4MDBT) is the most abundant among the dibenzothiphenes. Only two fluorenes were detected, and fluorene is more in abundance than 1-methylfluorene (1 MF). Depositional environment indicators of aromatic hydrocarbon organic matter reveal that the organic materials in the source rocks in these wells were deposited in marine-to-swamp depositional environments under reducing to suboxic conditions. Thermal maturity indicators calculated from the abundance of the aromatic hydrocarbons indicate that the source rock samples are thermally mature. Most of the source rocks are at the peak of oil window while a few at the early oil window. Source rocks from wells GB, OP and OT in the central Niger Delta are thermally more mature than those from well AW in the northwestern Niger Delta.
文摘根据福建九龙江河口ZKl孔及ZK7孔沉积物AMS （Accelerator Mass Spectrometry，加速器质谱测年技术）14C测年、古地磁和剖面特征分析，进行该地区的第四纪地层划分，依据粒度特征，结合磁化率、微体古生物和Sr／Ba等环境代用指标进行沉积相分析，重建了该区晚第四纪的古环境演变历史。结果表明：（1）九龙江河口第四纪沉积时代为晚更新世中期至全新世晚期。（2）上更新统沉积可划分为下部龙海组洪冲积相和上部东山组河漫滩相沉积，中间有10ka的沉积间断，末次冰期又再遭受风化剥蚀作用，推测有5—6ka的风化剥蚀期。（3）全新统最早沉积年代约为14kaBP，依次出现河口湾相、河口砂坝一分汊河道相、潮滩相沉积。（4）根据年代学数据和沉积相变化，重塑了该区晚第四纪沉积环境变化过程，为该区的第四纪研究和工程地质工作提供了参考依据。
