Enhancing the powering ability of triboelectric nanogenerator through output signal’s management strategies

As a new branch of efficient and low-cost mechanical energy conversion technology,triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)is a potential solution to provide a long-term power supply for the Internet of Things(IoT)sensors and portable electronic devices.However,due to inherent working properties of TENG itself such as extremely high internal impedance,pulse,and alternating current(AC)output,TENG can not directly supply power to loads such as batteries efficiently.Based on these,we describe TENG’s performance from a new perspective of powering ability.It consists of two aspects:the ability to transport charge effectively and the ability to output high power quality current steadily.In order to push forward the developments and applications of TENG,it is necessary to improve its power supply capacity from different perspectives.Fortunately,in recent years,a variety of output signal’s management strategies aiming at effectively managing the generated electricity and significantly improving powering ability of TENG have obtained significantly progress.Herein,this paper discusses the working mechanisms and different load characteristics of TENG at first to clarify the electric performance of TENG.Then,on basis of theoretical analysis,the output signal’s management strategies are elaborated from four aspects:improving the cycle output electricity of TENG,increasing the surface charge density of TENG,improving the power quality of TENG-based energy harvesting system,promoting the application of TENG through integrated circuit(IC)technology and TENG network,and the relevant principles and applications are discussed systematically.Finally,the advantages and disadvantages of the above output signal’s management strategies are summarized and discussed,and the future development of the output signal’s management strategies for TENG is prospected.

Effect of inertial mass on a linear system driven by dichotomous noise and a periodic signal

A linear system driven by dichotomous noise and a periodic signal is investigated in the underdamped case. The exact expressions of output signal amplitude and signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） of the system are derived. By means of numerical calculation, the results indicate that （i） at some fixed noise intensities, the output signal amplitude with inertial mass exhibits the structure of a single peak and single valley, or even two peaks if the dichotomous noise is asymmetric; （ii） in the case of asymmetric dichotomous noise, the inertial mass can cause non-monotonic behaviour of the output signal amplitude with respect to noise intensity; （iii） the curve of SNR versus inertial mass displays a maximum in the case of asymmetric dichotomous noise, i.e., a resonance-like phenomenon, while it decreases monotonically in the case of symmetric dichotomous noise; （iv） if the noise is symmetric, the inertial mass can induce stochastic resonance in the system.

Modulation recognition of MIMO radar signal based on joint HOS and SNR algorithm

This paper presents a joint high order statistics （HOS） and signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） algorithm for the recognition of multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） radar signal without a priori knowledge of the signal parameters. This method is capable of recognizing the MIMO radar signal as well as discriminating it from single-carrier signal adopted by conventional radar. Meanwhile, the sub-carrier number of the none-coding MIMO radar signal is estimated. Extensive simulations are carried out in different operating conditions. Simulation results prove the feasibility and indicate that the recognition probability could reach over 90% when the value of SNR is above 0 dB.

An on-line data acquisition system of oscilloscope-embedded input/output controller for cavity BPM measurement

Cavity beam position monitor(BPM) is widely used in a precise electron beam position measurement. Based on high performance oscilloscope-embedded EPICS input/output controller,we developed an on-line cavity BPM signal processing system for fast data acquisition solution when designing a cavity BPM.Also,methods for extracting the position information from cavity pickup signals and calibration algorithm are included in this solution.

Performance Analysis on Output SINR of Robust Two-Stage Beamforming

In this paper, we present a theoretical analysis of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for eigen-space beamformers so as to investigate the performance degradation caused by large pointing errors. For the sake of reducing such performance loss, a robust scheme, which consists of two cascaded signal processors, is proposed for adaptive beamformers. In the first stage, an algorithm possessing time efficiency is developed to adjust the direc-tion-of-arrival (DOA) estimate of the desired source. Based the achieved DOA estimate, the second stage provides an eigenspace beamformer combined with the spatial derivative constraints (SDC) to further mitigate the cancellation of the desired signal. Analysis and numerical results have been conducted to verify that the proposed scheme yields a better robustness against pointing errors than the conventional approaches.

Polyphase coded signal design for MIMO radar using MO-MicPSO

A novel modified optimization technique known as the multi-objective micro particle swarm optimization（MO-MicPSO） is proposed for polyphase coded signal design.The proposed MO-MicPSO requires only a small population size compared with the standard particle swarm optimization that uses a larger population size.This new method is guided by an elite archive to finish the multi-objective optimization.The orthogonal polyphase coded signal（OPCS） can fundamentally improve the multiple input multiple output（MIMO） radar system performance,with which the radar system has high resolution and abundant signal channels.Simulation results on the polyphase coded signal design show that the MO-MicPSO can perform quite well for this high-dimensional multi-objective optimized problem.Compared with particle swarm optimization or genetic algorithm,the proposed MO-MicPSO has a better optimized efficiency and less time consumption.

基于误差补偿的光源调频非线性校正研究

由于FMCW光源非线性频率调制的影响,其差频信号的频谱会出现展宽,降低频谱分辨率,因此光源非线性校正是该体制激光雷达精确测距的前提。为了避免现有非线性校正技术系统结构复杂,测量成本高的缺陷,本文提出了基于误差补偿的FMCW光源非线性校正法。该方法通过输出信号与线性回归数据之间的误差,构建与输出信号频率变化趋势相反的校正数据作为激光器的调制信号源。经过若干次循环补偿,逐步将输出信号频率与线性回归数据之间的决定系数提高到0.9995以上。最终通过距离测量实验,验证了该方法的有效性和可行性。

基于三稳态随机共振的ZPW-2000移频信号检测方法研究

针对ZPW-2000移频信号谐波干扰检测技术在抑制噪声时,不可避免损害有用信号的问题,提出三稳态随机共振系统,将部分噪声能量向移频信号能量转化,减少移频信号能量损失。首先,将移频信号的中心频率从较高频段搬移到较低频段,着重研究移频信号的有用频段。选取尺度变化系数为1 000,保证输入信号在尺度变化的过程中满足数值计算的稳定性,使尺度变换后的小参数信号满足绝热近似理论。其次,使用混沌麻雀算法(chaos sparrow search optimization algorithm, CSSOA)优化三稳态随机共振系统,得到输出信噪比(signal-to-noise ratios, SNR)最大时的系统参数a、b、c以及γ。然后,将搬移至低频区段的移频信号输入至优化后的三稳态随机共振系统,实现信号降噪。最后,对降噪信号采用复调制快速傅里叶算法(zoom fast fourier transformation, ZFFT)实现低频信号的检测。仿真结果表明:对比三稳态随机共振系统处理前后移频信号频谱图,显示频域特征增强,在降噪的同时不损害移频信号的能量;以-5 dB为步长将噪声注入至移频信号时,输出信噪比至少可提升16.54 dB;降噪后的信号通过ZFFT算法解调能够完成ZPW-2000移频信号低频信号的检测。对比经验模态分解算法、小波阈值算法等算法处理不同信噪比的含噪移频信号,验证混沌麻雀算法优化的三稳态随机共振系统输出信噪比较大,降噪效果较好,具有良好的抗干扰能力。研究结果为实现在抑制噪声的同时减少移频信号能量损失提供参考。

基于谐波通讯的无线电能与反向信号同步传输技术

针对现有无线电能与反向信号同步传输(simultaneous wireless power and reverse signal transmission,SWPRST)系统存在较大无功功率、负载电压易受信号传输发生波动或需要额外增加高频信号源等问题,提出一种基于谐波通讯的SWPRST技术,通过利用逆变器输出方波电压中的基波分量传输电能,三次谐波分量传输信号。不需要外加高频信号发射电路,实现了可靠的电能与反向信号同步传输。首先,给出基于谐波通讯的SWPRST系统结构,对其工作模式和基本原理进行分析;接着,建立系统等效数学模型,分析系统参数取值对信号与电能传输之间的互扰影响;然后,对信号的调制解调电路进行设计,分析信号检测通道参数对信号传输速率的影响;最后,搭建实验平台对理论分析进行验证,实验结果表明,该方法在有效实现了无线电能与反向信号同步传输的同时,信号无误码率传输速率可达5 kbps,同时系统具有无功小,输出负载电压几乎无波动(电压波动率0.33%)等优点。该方法采用谐波作为信号载体,为多频利用式实现电能与反向信号同步传输系统提供一种新的思路,具有较好的理论意义与实际工程应用价值。

Auxiliary Model Based Multi-innovation Stochastic Gradient Identification Methods for Hammerstein Output-Error System

Special input signals identification method based on the auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm for Hammerstein output-error system was proposed.The special input signals were used to realize the identification and separation of the Hammerstein model.As a result,the identification of the dynamic linear part can be separated from the static nonlinear elements without any redundant adjustable parameters.The auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm was applied to identifying the serial link parameters of the Hammerstein model.The auxiliary model based multi-innovation stochastic gradient algorithm can avoid the influence of noise and improve the identification accuracy by changing the innovation length.The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method.

MCKD在一种新型随机共振系统下的转动体故障诊断研究

为解决由高阶项限制引起的输出饱和问题,利用分段势函数抗饱和的优良特性,提出了一种新的非饱和三稳二阶随机共振(UTSOSR)系统。首先,通过仿真实验验证了该系统能够显著改善经典三稳二阶随机共振系统的输出饱和问题。其次,基于绝热近似理论,推导出UTSOSR系统的稳态概率密度,平均首次通过时间和功率谱放大因子(SA),并通过分析系统各参数对这些性能指标的影响,来更加深入地探究系统的动力学行为。将SA和信噪比增益(Gsnr)作为评价指标,通过数值仿真验证了UTSOSR系统具有更优越的信号增强和抗噪声性能。同时,为了获得更优的输出性能,将最大相关峭度解卷积(MCKD)与UTSOSR系统相结合,提出MCKD-UTSOSR方法对目标信号特征进行提取。最后,联合遗传算法和变步长网格优化算法寻找MCKD-UTSOSR方法的最优参数,并应用于转动体微弱故障信号检测。数据分析结果表明,MCKD-UTSOSR方法相比于其他方法,其信噪比提升了1.1289~23.5854 dB,谱峰峰值提升了88.423~7488.118133,为实际工程中高效的信号处理和故障检测提供了创新和可靠的解决方案。

光学免疫层析法用于食品安全快速检测的研究进展

综述了近年来光学新型材料在构建免疫层析试纸条中的应用,其中包括单信号输出光学免疫层析法和多重信号输出光学免疫层析法;讨论了多重信号输出光学免疫层析法用于食品安全快速检测的挑战和发展前景,以期为食品安全快速检测方法研究提供参考。

幅相误差对体积阵MVDR波束形成的影响

体积阵是一种由多个水听器组成的立体阵列,能够增大潜标接收基阵的孔径,获得较大的空间增益,工程中多将其制作成具有收合、展开功能的阵列应用于低频吊放声呐。由于各水听器通道内器件参数和幅度增益不一致,体积阵的每个阵元接收到的信号之间存在幅相误差。文中通过建立存在幅相误差时的双圆环体积阵模型,从统计学角度分析了幅相误差对其协方差矩阵、最小方差无畸变(MVDR)波束形成器的输出信噪比(SNR)、阵增益以及方位估计精度的影响。计算机仿真结果表明,阵列幅相误差的存在会导致MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益降低;对于相位误差而言,当输入SNR在-5 dB以上时,这种影响随输入SNR的增大越来越明显;对于幅度误差而言,当输入SNR在-10 dB以上时,幅度误差对MVDR波束形成器的输出SNR和阵增益的影响会更显著;并且,相比于幅度误差,MVDR波束形成的方位估计精度对相位误差更加敏感。

基于Simulink的匹配滤波器设计与实验

针对匹配滤波器教学内容中缺乏相关课程实验与实现的教学环节,基于Simulink仿真平台搭建了二进制确知数字信号的匹配滤波型最佳接收机架构,并采用了四种传输函数进行对比验证。这一实验教学活动的引入有助于增强教学内容的趣味性,激发学生的学习热情,使原本抽象且枯燥的知识点变得具体、生动形象,提升了学生对匹配滤波器原理的理解与应用能力。

考虑右半平面极点的三相并网变换器小干扰稳定性分析

电力电子设备渗透率的不断提高使得电力系统转动惯量和阻尼水平下降,对新型电力系统安全稳定运行带来不可忽略的影响。目前并网变换器系统判稳方法常采用奈奎斯特判据和广义奈奎斯特判据,但这两种判据均适用于阻抗比中不含右半平面(right half plane, RHP)极点的场景。针对上述问题,基于考虑正负序耦合和源荷之间耦合的等效单输入单输出(single-input single-output, SISO)系统阻抗模型,提出了考虑RHP极点的三相变换器并网系统判稳方法。首先,对研究系统的RHP极点个数及奈奎斯特曲线包围点(-1, j0)的次数进行估算。然后,在奈奎斯特判据的基础上,利用SISO系统阻抗伯德图进行分析,在系统存在RHP极点的情况下对系统的稳定性进行判断。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink中搭建电磁暂态仿真模型,验证了在有无RHP极点的不同场景下,所提判稳方法均能对三相变换器并网系统的小干扰稳定性进行有效分析。

独立充放时序SIDO开关变换器电流型变频控制技术

单电感双输出(single-inductor dual-output,SIDO)开关变换器工作在共享充放时序下存在电感电流纹波大、输出支路间交叉影响严重以及电路参数宽范围变化下控制电路不能正常工作等问题.为此,提出一种独立充放时序电流型变频控制(current-mode variable frequency control,C-VF)技术.首先,具体描述变换器在连续导电模式(continuous conduction mode,CCM)下的工作原理,并推导主电路开环传递函数;进一步构建闭环小信号模型,推导闭环交叉阻抗,详细分析不同输出电压及负载电流下变换器的交叉影响特性;最后,通过仿真和实验进行验证.研究表明:相较于共享充放时序,独立充放时序C-VF CCM SIDO buck变换器减小了交叉影响,改善了负载瞬态响应性能;当两支路负载电压不等时,减轻某一支路负载可以降低该支路的交叉影响;当两支路输出电压相同但负载不同时,重载支路对轻载支路的交叉影响更小.

基于SENT协议的传感器输出信号采集系统设计

阐述基于SENT协议的传感器输出信号采集系统设计,包括采集系统的原理和整体设计、采集系统芯片、上位机的编程语言、通信方式,信号处理的设计、LabVIEW程序设计,分析性能测试方式。

发射波束域MIMO-STAP雷达发射接收联合设计方法

研究了信号相关杂波背景下机载多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)雷达发射波束形成和接收滤波器的联合设计问题,建立了机载MIMO雷达发射波束域空时自适应处理(space-time adaptive processing,STAP)信号模型。为了提升杂波环境下目标的检测性能,通过最大化输出信干噪比构建了发射波束形成和接收滤波器的联合设计问题;然后,设计了一种新的基于优化最小化(majorization-minimization,MM)框架的迭代优化算法来解决联合设计问题。该算法通过合理寻找目标函数的下界可以有效提升算法的收敛速度并降低算法的运行时间。此外,与传统的相控阵雷达和MIMO雷达相比,优化后的发射波束形成和接收滤波器可以显著提升输出信干噪比,仿真实验验证了所提方法的有效性。

转速传感器信号处理与自学习策略研究

转速传感器作为自动变速器传动系统控制的重要一环,其在传动系统应用中,通过采集变速器内部传动轴齿轮转速信息,实现精确地控制换挡时机、锁止离合器状态、换挡挡位等,是传动系统自动变速器控制的主信号。但在实际使用过程中,存在转速传感器功能正常,却偶发出现无信号输出情况,导致自动变速器传动系统故障,车辆无法正常使用。为此,文章对转速传感器无信号输出故障进行详细研究,首先从基本原理、信号识别逻辑以及温度对信号的影响等方面入手,探讨转速传感器信号在不同温度下的适应性,总结出转速传感器信号在温升过程中的偏移原因,并针对相关影响因素,对自复位策略进行优化,以便能有效提升传动系统的稳定性。

基因转录调控中的输入输出关系研究

细胞对环境变化的感知和响应是生命活动的核心。基因转录是细胞将外部信号转化为基因表达输出的关键环节,是理解细胞行为的关键。为了解析转录动力学和建立动态的输入输出关系,研究者提出多种转录模型来探究基因对动态调控信号的响应机制。本文将介绍常见的转录模型,展示其计算框架,并详细阐述对应的mRNA数量和转录事件持续时间的分布,这对于深入理解输入输出关系和探索潜在的响应机制有重要意义。本文综述不同类型的启动子、同一启动子在不同染色质环境中以及不同网络基序下的响应策略,揭示其调控输入输出关系的规律。对于信道容量接近理论值的系统,信息论的最优解可以揭示转录因子浓度的动态范围、输入输出关系以及基因表达分布的对应关系。通过这些多角度的分析,本文揭示了调控动态输入输出关系的关键因素,促进人们更好地理解基因对转录因子信号的响应机制。定量研究输入输出关系可以识别关键的调控因子、预测基因表达模式的变化,并设计干预措施以调节细胞的功能和行为。