Risk factors connected to gastrointestinal parasites in mantled Alouatta palliata mexicana and black howler monkeys Alouatta pigra living in continuous and in fragmented rainforests in Mexico

In this study we document the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites （helminths and protozoans） found in fecal samples of populations of Alouatta palliata mexicana and ofA. pigra in Los Tuxtlas and in Palenque, southeast Mexico, and its re- lation to habitat condition, sex/age and season. Nineteen parasite morphotypes were detected in the fecal samples from populations of the two howler monkeys, of which 58% were shared by both species. When considering all parasite species, populations of the two howler species were more likely to be parasitized in fragmented habitat compared to continuous habitat. Individuals of both howler monkey species that lived in fragmented habitat had a higher prevalence of Controrchis biliophilus. A. p. mexicana individuals had a higher prevalence of Trypanoxyuris minutus than A. pigra, probably the result of the larger group sizes found in the former species, and T. minutus was more likely to be found in A. palliata individuals that lived in fragmented habitat. Adult A. p. mexicana males had a higher risk of being parasitized compared to adult females, but these differences were not detected in A. pigra, Parasite species such as Entamoeba sp., Nematoda sp. 28, Nematoda sp. B and Parabronema sp. where only found during the wet season in both howler monkey species. Populations of both howler monkey species had a higher prevalence of Nematoda sp. A in the wet season and Ascaridae eggs were only detected during the wet season in A. pigra. Other parasites detected displayed no clear seasonal pattern [Current Zoology 58 （3）： 375-383, 2012].

危害紫藤的新害虫——紫藤阿西克象甲

2018年4月,在紫藤Wisteria sinensis树上发现一种钻蛀性害虫,经专家鉴定为紫藤阿西克象甲Acicnemis palliata Pascoe(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),其幼虫在寄主树干内取食危害,严重影响紫藤健康生长,威胁到紫藤的种植、栽培和景观效应。文献记载该虫在中国、日本、韩国均有分布,但在国内尚未见相关研究报道。经过大量观测研究记录,报道其分类地位、形态特征、生物学特性、危害性状和防治方法,以期为紫藤阿西克象甲的识别与防治提供参考。