Study on Temperature Disaster Indicators of Passion Fruit in Southwest Fujian, China

In China, meteorological forecasting relies on meteorological data obtained from regional and national stations. However, there were discrepancies between the data collected from the meteorological station at the passion fruit growing base and the data from regional and national stations. Consequently, the high and low temperature disaster indicators determined by the meteorological station at the passion fruit growing base cannot be applied to meteorological forecasting. To address this issue and facilitate the monitoring and early warning of high and low temperature disasters in passion fruit cultivation in Fujian, China, we used multi-source hourly temperature data (including the data from meteorological observation stations in passion fruit growing bases, the nearest regional stations, and national surface conventional meteorological observation stations) in three cities in southwestern Fujian (Longyan, Sanming, and Zhangzhou) spanning the years 2020 to 2022. By employing comprehensive statistical analysis methods (0.5 interval division and Cumulative frequency), we identified that passion fruit in southwestern Fujian was susceptible to high temperature disasters during the blooming-fruiting period, as well as low temperature disasters during the sprouting period. Consequently, we developed high and low temperature disaster indicators based on data from regional and national stations for different phenological periods of passion fruit in this region.

Effects of Different Application Methods and Application Rates of Biological Nano-Selenium on the Quality of Passion Fruit

[Objectives]To study the effects of different application methods and application rates of biological nano-selenium on the quality of passion fruit.[Methods]In this experiment,passion fruit Tainong 1 was sprayed with biological nano-selenium.The concentration of spraying refers to the recommended application rate of biological nano-selenium manufacturers.Three treatments with different concentrations were carried out:3,4.5 and 6 L/ha biological nano-selenium was sprayed on 100%root,(50%root+50%leaf surface)and 100%leaf surface of passion fruit,respectively.[Results]From the aspects of economic cost and rational utilization of resources,spraying 3 L/ha selenium fertilizer on the leaves of passion fruit played the best role in improving the quality of passion fruit.[Conclusions]To study the selenium-rich production technology of agricultural products and improve the quality of agricultural products is of great significance for improving human health and producing high-quality agricultural products.

Ultrasound-assisted Enzymatic Extraction of SDF on Passion Fruit Seeds

Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction of soluble dietary fiber(SDF) from passion fruit seeds was carried out in order to shorten the extraction time and increase the yield of SDF. The effects of cellulase concentration, ultrasonic power, extraction temperature, solid-liquid ratio and water bath time on the SDF yield of passion fruit were studied by single factor analysis. And the orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the extraction conditions. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the extraction of SDF from passion fruit by ultrasoundassisted enzymatic method were cellulase concentration 1.5%, ultrasonic power 120 W, solid-liquid ratio(g/mL) 1 ∶ 15, extraction temperature 55 ℃, and water bath time 160 min. The SDF extraction rate was determined to be 5.12%.

Determination of the Experimental Calorific Performance of Passion Fruit Spreading Waste

Brazil is the world’s largest producer and consumer of passion fruit,being a tropical fruit that produces a lot of waste in its process.As this residue is more than 60%of the mass of the fruit,there is a problem directed to the discard of the same.One way to add economic and financial value to the passion fruit industry would be to use the waste as a source of fuel in a process of converting biomass to energy.The objective of this work was to characterize samples of passion fruit residues by analyzing the moisture content and the experimental calorific value,aiming at its energy utilization,in order to obtain initial information to help define the best conversion path of this biomass:thermochemical or biochemical.After analysis,it was concluded that the most appropriate biomass utilization route would be anaerobic biodigestion due to the high moisture content presented in the samples(greater than 80%).However,the same ones,if in dry basis,also have high calorific value,compared,for example,with sugarcane bagasse.With the results,it was demonstrated that the biomass of the passion fruit pulp presents itself as a potential alternative for the energy utilization.

Improvement of Cashew Apple Juice (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>L.) by Association with Passion Fruit Juice (<i>Passiflora edulis</i>)

Despite many advantages, the many technologies studied to eliminate astringency from cashew apple juice are not all accessible and not adopted by processors due to the lack of financial means to access these sophisticated technologies. Thus, the formulation of mixed juice based on cashew apple juice and passion fruit juice has proved to be a way of adding value to the cashew apple, a co-product of the production of the nut. After the formulation of the mixed juice in different proportions and the sensory evaluation, it appears that the juice of formulation E is more appreciated by the tasters. Indeed, this juice has preferred sensory characteristics in terms of color (6.90), flavor (5.47), odor (6.42), settling (6.28) and overall acceptance (6.53). These characteristics are similar to those of passion fruit juice in terms of color, odor, and overall acceptance, where the latter obtained scores of 6.94, 7.17 and 6.00 respectively;and also, to those of cashew apple juice in terms of flavor and decanting, where the latter obtained scores of 5.19 and 6.14 respectively. Therefore, the addition of passion fruit juice to cashew apple juice results in a new product that is more appreciated when mixed with proportions of 90 mL of passion fruit juice and 10 mL of cashew apple juice. For example, passion fruit juice, due to its color, flavor, and odor, has helped reduce the pronounced astringency of raw cashew apple juice. Ultimately, formulation E is recommended to improve the organoleptic value of cashew apple juice.

Development of Selenium-rich Passion Fruit Industry in Guangxi

According to the understanding of current situation of Guangxi selenium-containing passion fruit products and the advantages and disadvantages of related product markets,the corresponding improvement plans were proposed for the supply and demand of products and the adjustment of industrial development,so as to provide theoretical data support for optimizing the industrial structure and increasing the market share of selenium-rich passion fruit in Guangxi.

Varieties and Cultivation Application of Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

This paper summarized the nutritional value,use,botany characteristics,cultivation status and common varieties of passion fruit(Passiflora edulis Sims).It aims to provide a basis for the cultivation and development of passion fruit.

Fruit Setting Behaviour of Passion Fruit

Passion fruit has great prospective to fascinate fruit consumer for its taste and delicious fruit juice and improvement of the economic condition of the fruit grower in the developing countries. The self-incompatibility in the passion fruits is an imperative reason to be considered regarding fruit production. Pollination is an essential for self-sterile crops as passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims.). The experiment was conducted in the field and laboratories of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, Bangladesh to investigate the fruit setting behavior of passion fruits at during five flashes. We estimated to study fruit setting behavior of passion fruit at different flashes and determine effective pollination method and suitable flashes among five flashes. Result revealed that percent of fruit set of passion fruit was recorded highest;Seeds per plant were recorded highest in third flash when flowers were pollinated by hand compared with self-, and natural pollinations. Length-breadth ratios of fruits in third flashes were recorded higher when pollinates by hand. Individual fruit weight was also recorded higher at third flash. Plants required minimum days from flower anthesis to full maturity during third flash. On the other hand, fruit growth behavior of hand pollinated flowers was recorded higher during third flash of passion fruit. Results indicated that all studied characteristics of fruit and seed of passion fruit of third flash performed best.

响应面法优化石榴皮百香果果皮复合饮料发酵工艺及抗疲劳功能评价

本研究以石榴皮和百香果果皮为原料,进行石榴皮及百香果果皮(Pomegranate and passion fruit peel,PPFP)复合发酵饮料的研制,通过单因素及响应面试验优化复合饮料发酵工艺条件,并探讨其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明:复合饮料最佳发酵工艺条件为:石榴皮汁添加量20%、百香果果皮汁添加量24%、发酵时间36 h、发酵温度40℃,感官评分为(94.05±1.85)分,活菌数为(8.5±0.2)lg(CFU/g),在此发酵工艺条件下研制的复合饮料色泽均一,具有石榴皮混合发酵后的独特风味,酸甜适口,无明显分层现象。小鼠试验结果表明:与空白对照组相比,低、中、高剂量组可显著延长小鼠负重力竭游泳时间,小鼠肝糖原和肌糖原储备显著增加,显著降低小鼠血清中乳酸和尿素氮含量(P<0.05)。说明PPFP复合发酵饮料有利于提高小鼠机体运动耐力。

福建地区不同栽培模式下百香果的产量与品质特征

为探究多级结果蔓栽培模式和单级结果蔓栽培模式下百香果大田生长时间、产量与品质相关指标表现特征,于2020—2021年开展百香果大田生产试验,并以紫果类主栽品种台农1号百香果和黄果类品种芭乐味百香果为材料,观察或测定2种栽培模式下百香果开花、结果、产量与品质相关指标,并分析果实品质指标间,以及果实品质指标与果实成熟期内温度、光照等气象因子的相关性。结果表明:1)与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,单级结果蔓栽培模式下,百香果植株现蕾期、始花期和始果期的时间均较迟,果实发育成熟所需时间缩短,成花率和坐果率显著增加,且花蕾期、成花率、果实发育成熟期和坐果率的变异系数均较低,台农1号和芭乐味从定植到采收结束时所需时间分别比多级结果蔓栽培模式缩短69~71 d和51~58 d;2)从实收总产量及其产量构成因素看,单级结果蔓栽培模式下单株产量显著低于多级结果蔓栽培模式,且其全部由一级蔓产量组成,而多级结果蔓栽培模式下单株产量由主蔓、一级蔓、二级蔓和三级蔓产量组成,各级结果蔓产量在总产量占比上表现不一致;与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,单级结果蔓栽培模式下百香果单株结果数量显著减少,但平均单果重和中大果比率显著提高;3)与多级结果蔓栽培模式相比,在单级结果蔓栽培模式下,果实总酸含量显著降低,果皮重、果汁量、可食率、总糖、糖酸比提高,且果实品质中7项指标值的变异系数均较低,温度、光照等气象因子与果实品质存在极显著相关性。综上所述,百香果在单级结果蔓栽培模式下可缩短大田生长时间,而且开花、结果、产量与品质相关指标表现特征均优于多级结果蔓栽培模式,各项指标值变异系数相对稳定。

1-甲基环丙烯结合水杨酸处理维持百香果甲基环丙烯结合水杨酸处理维持百香果果实贮藏品质

为延长百香果的贮藏期并保持贮藏过程中的品质,对比研究2 mmol/L水杨酸(salicylic acid,SA)、1 mmol/L 1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)、1-MCP结合SA处理对紫色百香果果实采后贮藏期间品质、活性氧、抗氧化酶指标的影响。百香果果实经SA、1-MCP和1-MCP结合SA处理后,一定程度抑制乙烯的释放和脂氧合酶(li-poxygenase,LOX)活性,促进几丁质酶(chitinase,CHI)和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase,GLU)的活性,增强抗氧化和抗病性作用,降低腐烂率。但因SA可以增强呼吸,故导致凹陷和失重,加快总酸流失;1-MCP抑制呼吸作用,增强超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性,有利于控制失重和凹陷,但其对过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性的影响不利于控制衰老。1-MCP结合SA对POD活性,CHI活性以及GLU活性的正向影响强于单独使用1-MCP或SA处理。因此,1-MCP结合SA通过提高百香果果实的抗氧化能力和抗病能力,降低百香果果实的凹陷、失重和腐烂率,且可有效避免单独使用1-MCP或SA处理的不良作用,协同维持百香果果实采后贮藏品质。

优质黄果百香果新品种雅蜜的选育

雅蜜是从黄金百香果自交后代中选育的优质鲜食百香果新品种。该品种果实近圆形,果大,平均单果质量95.79 g;成熟时果皮黄色,表面有星状白色果点;果肉黄色至橙黄色,多汁,风味酸甜,香气浓郁,不易脱囊,可食率50.87%。可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)18.50%,总糖含量12.7 g·100 g^(-1),总酸含量16.97 g·kg^(-1),维生素C含量14.1 mg·100 g^(-1),氨基酸总量18.0 g·kg^(-1)。该品种果实生长期60~100 d,在福建种植区果实收获时间集中在7月中下旬至9月上旬和10月上旬至11月中下旬;植株生长势强,易成花,自交亲和,每666.7 m2平均产量1240.0 kg,丰产稳产。较抗炭疽病和病毒病,较耐高温。适应范围广,适宜于在福建、广西、云南等黄果百香果产区种植。

果胶酶提取西番莲果皮多糖的抗氧化和益生菌增殖活性

该文以西番莲果皮为原料,采用酶法辅助提取果皮多糖并对其抗氧化和益生菌增殖活性进行研究。通过正交试验优化西番莲果皮多糖提取参数;通过测定其还原能力,及对DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率来考察其抗氧化活性;将西番莲果皮多糖作唯一碳源,研究其对植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(L.delbrueckii(subsp.)bulgaricus)、短乳杆菌(L.brevis)和嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)的体外增殖作用。结果表明,提取条件为:果胶酶添加量5 mg/mL,pH 4.5,提取时间2 h,提取温度40℃,此条件下,多糖得率为15.83%。西番莲果皮多糖有较好的还原能力,并对DPPH自由基和羟自由基有较好的清除率,呈现剂量依赖关系。西番莲果皮多糖对上述4种菌均有一定的增殖作用,最大生长速率排序为:植物乳杆菌(0.1599)>嗜热链球菌(0.1395)>短乳杆菌(0.1251)>德氏乳杆菌保加利亚亚种(0.1239)。西番莲果皮多糖是一种天然的食品抗氧化剂和益生元物质,有很好的市场前景。

百香果果壳提取物对热应激小鼠的保护作用

为研究百香果果壳提取物对热应激小鼠的保护作用,本试验选取健康清洁级ICR雄性小鼠40只,随机分为对照组、热应激组、低剂量组和高剂量组共4个组,每组10只。所有小鼠饲喂基础颗粒饲料,正常饮水。低剂量组和高剂量组分别按100和200 mg/(kg·bw·d)剂量灌胃百香果果壳提取物,对照组和热应激组小鼠每天灌胃等量生理盐水。持续灌胃14 d后,除对照组外,其余3个组小鼠每天热处理2 h,连续7 d,期间持续给药。试验结束时,空腹称量小鼠体重;分析小鼠体重变化;采集血液检测血清中谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)和热休克蛋白70(HSP70)生化指标,以及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素2(IL-2)和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)细胞因子含量;收集小鼠肝脏和肾脏,观察其组织病理学变化。结果显示,热应激结束后,4个组小鼠体重无显著差异(P>0.05),但热应激组减重最多;与对照组比较,热应激组血清生化和细胞因子各指标均显著升高(P<0.05);与热应激组相比,低剂量组和高剂量组小鼠血清生化和细胞因子各指标均显著降低(P<0.05),小鼠肝脏和肾脏组织损伤有所减轻,且高剂量组优于低剂量组。结果表明,百香果果壳提取物对热应激小鼠具有一定的保护作用。

基于轻量化YOLO v8s-GD的自然环境下百香果快速检测模型

为了提高百香果检测精度,并将深度学习模型部署在移动平台上,实现快速实时推理,本文提出一种基于改进YOLO v8s的轻量化百香果检测模型(YOLO v8s-GD)。使用聚集和分发机制(GD)替换颈部特征融合网络,提高模型对百香果图像特征信息跨层融合能力和模型泛化能力;通过基于层自适应幅度的剪枝(LAMP)修剪模型,损失一定精度换取减小模型体积,减少模型参数量,以实现在嵌入式设备上快速检测;运用知识蒸馏学习策略弥补因剪枝而损失的检测精度,提高模型检测性能。实验结果表明,对于自然环境下采集的百香果数据集,改进后模型参数量和内存占用量相比原YOLO v8s基线模型分别降低63.88%和62.10%,精确率(Precision)和平均精度(AP)相较于原模型分别提高0.9、2.3个百分点,优于其他对比模型。在Jetson Nano和Jetson Tx2嵌入式设备上实时检测帧率(FPS)分别为5.78、19.38 f/s,为原模型的1.93、1.24倍。因此,本文提出的改进后模型能够有效检测复杂环境下百香果目标,为实际场景中百香果自动采摘等移动端检测设备部署和应用提供理论和技术支持。

保存条件对不同成熟度黄金百香果果实品质的影响

以黄果百香果新品系(热选砧2号)为研究对象,分别在常温高湿(20℃,80%RH),中高温中湿(30~35℃,60%RH)条件下研究不同成熟度果实的耐储性及储藏品质的变化。结果表明:常温高湿条件下储藏第14 d,70%转色的果实的TSS、TA以及TSS/TA与100%转色的果实的相应理化指标差异不明显,但外观品质上70%转色的果实明显优于100%转色的果实,而30%转色的TSS、TSS/TA显著低于70%转色和100%转色的果实。中高温中湿条件下储藏第7 d,70%转色的果实略有皱缩,100%转色的果实皱缩严重,不同成熟度间的果实TSS、TA以及TSS/TA均没有显著差异。与常温高湿条件相比,中高温中湿储藏第7 d的果实TSS、TA均较低,而TSS/TA则较高,100%转色的果实在两种储藏条件下TSS/TA没有明显差异。因此,对于长时间储藏而言,选用70%转色的果实最有利于保持果实的储藏品质,对于短时间储藏,常温高湿储藏可选用100%转色的果实,中高温中湿储藏可选用70%转色的果实。

贵州从江黄金百香果果实品质评价

分析了贵州省从江县6个村寨种植的钦蜜9号黄金百香果果实品质,为提升其果实品质提供理论依据。结果表明:6个村寨的果实除果汁瓤重、果皮厚度、可食率和种子粒数差异不显著外,其余外观品质指标和内在品质指标均存在不同程度的差异;相关性分析发现,果实大小与单果重、果皮重、种子鲜重等显著相关,色彩指数a^(*)值与色度角h°值呈极显著负相关,色彩指数b^(*)值与色彩饱和度C值呈极显著正相关;主成分的累计方差贡献率达94.26%,第1主成分主要反映果实的风味品质,第2主成分主要反映果实色泽,第3主成分主要反映果实大小,第4主成分主要反映果实内在品质。综上,6个村寨的钦蜜9号黄金百香果果实为中等大小、近圆形,亮黄色,可溶性固形物含量均在18.60%以上,可滴定酸含量均低于1.18%,果实内在品质好,高糖低酸,口感纯甜,宜鲜食。

β-乳球蛋白-多酚纳米颗粒稳定的百香果籽油Pickering乳液及其性质

本研究以β-乳球蛋白负载3种多酚(阿魏酸、槲皮素、香草酸)制备的β-乳球蛋白三配体复合物纳米颗粒(β-lactoglobulin triple ligand complex nanoparticles,β-LGCNPs)作为乳化剂,采用超声波破碎法制备百香果籽油Pickering乳液,考察Pickering乳液在不同粒子质量分数和油相比例条件下的粒径、稳定性、微观结构、抗氧化性、消化性、流变特性及脂质氧化产物。结果表明,百香果籽油Pickering乳液是由β-LGCNPs吸附在油水界面稳定的水包油型(O/W)乳液,其粒径与颗粒含量呈正比,与油相比例呈反比,当颗粒质量分数为1.5%、油相比例为30%(体积分数)时,乳液平均粒径达到(5.78±0.10)μm。在不同离子强度和pH值条件下乳液稳定性好,展现出比百香果籽油更强的抗氧化性,且自由基的清除作用与颗粒含量呈剂量依赖关系。肠道消化2 h后,乳液中游离脂肪酸释放率达到(65.17±1.52)%,较百香果籽油提高了26.65%。流变学分析展现剪切变稀现象,表明该乳液属于非牛顿流体,随着剪切频率的提高,弹性模量和黏性模量都增大。在15 d储藏期内,Pickering乳液中脂质氧化产物(氢过氧化物和丙二醛)的生成量和脂质氧化速率降低。综上所述,由β-LGCNPs稳定的Pickering乳液改善了百香果籽油的稳定性、抗氧化活性、消化性及脂质氧化,有利于拓宽百香果籽油在食品领域的应用。

百香果(Passiflora edulis)R2R3-MYB基因家族的结构和功能分析

【目的】探究R2R3-MYB转录因子在代谢、发育等多种生物学过程中发挥的调控作用。对百香果R2R3-MYB基因家族进行表达分析并探究其在花果发育过程中的调控机制,对深入研究R2R3-MYB转录因子在百香果中的生物学作用中具有重要意义。【方法】基于百香果全基因组数据,通过HMM搜索对R2R3-MYB家族成员进行筛选鉴定,并利用实时荧光定量PCR分析其在百香果花不同组织中的表达模式。【结果】从百香果基因组中鉴定出99个R2R3-MYB基因,根据系统进化分析将其分为36个亚组。99个R2R3-PeMYB基因随机分布在9条百香果染色体上。基序和基因结构分析表明,R2R3-PeMYB在同一亚组中具有相对保守的结构特征。共线性分析表明,片段复制事件促进了百香果R2R3-MYB家族的扩张。基于转录组数据和qRT-PCR分析,发现R2R3-PeMYB基因在百香果花的不同组织的不同发育阶段中表现出差异的表达模式,说明R2R3-PeMYB基因在花不同组织和果实的发育过程中发挥重要作用,尤其是PeMYB62和PeMYB63在百香果果皮转色期的高表达,说明其可能参与百香果花青素的合成。同时8个R2R3-PeMYB基因在非生物胁迫(冷、热、盐和渗透压)下也表现出不同的反应,说明R2R3-PeMYB基因还受到非生物胁迫的诱导。【结论】鉴定了99个R2R3-PeMYB基因家族成员,发现其在百香果花果发育和胁迫诱导方面发挥重要作用,为今后研究百香果R2R3-MYB基因在花果发育中的功能和进化提供了有价值的线索。

黄百香果茎段组培快繁技术研究

为筛选黄百香果组培快繁方案,为百香果组培苗繁育提供技术支撑,以黄百香果茎段为外植体,研究不同灭菌时间对外植体成活率的影响,不同培养基配方对初代芽诱导、继代增殖、生根移栽的影响。结果表明,0.1%HgCl_(2)处理6 min对百香果茎段外植体的灭菌效果最佳,外植体成活率为66.67%。MS+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)0.3 mg/L+吲哚丁酸(IBA)0.1 mg/L+抗坏血酸300 mg/L为芽诱导最佳培养基,芽诱导率79.14%。MS+6-BA 0.2 mg/L+IBA 0.05 mg/L+谷氨酸20 mg/L为继代增殖最佳培养基,增殖倍数3.21。MS+IBA 0.5 mg/L生根培养基的组培苗生根率100%,且有利于组培生根苗移栽成活。