Coagulation and analgesic effects of aqueous extract of peanut shells on mice

Background:Peanut shells are a commonly discarded byproduct of peanut processing.However,recent studies have shown that they contain bioactive compounds that have potential health benefits.Specifically,water extract from peanut shells has been identified as a promising source of these compounds.Therefore,investigating the effects of water extract from peanut shells on coagulation and analgesia in mice could have significant implications for human health.Methods:(1)Analgesic experiments:The analgesic effect of the aqueous extract of peanut shells was observed by the hot plate method in mice.The aspirin group was used as a positive control group for analgesic experiments.(2)Coagulation experiment:the coagulation effect of the aqueous extract of peanut shells was observed by the capillary method and slide method.Yunnan Baiyao group was the positive control group of the coagulation test.Results:(1)The analgesic effect of peanut shell water extract on mice was prolonged with the increase in dose.The low,medium,and high dose groups of peanut shell could improve the pain domain of mice induced by the hot plate method in a certain period(P<0.05);with the increase of peanut shell water extract dose,liver weight coefficient increased(P<0.05).(2)Peanut shell water extract coagulated mice,and the high-dose group of peanut shells was the most significant.Within the scope of this study,the higher the concentration,the better the coagulation effect(P<0.05).Compared with distilled water group,the liver weight coefficients of the Yunnan Baiyao group,low,middle,and high dose groups of peanut shells were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:(1)The aqueous extract of peanut shells has a specific analgesic effect on mice.(2)The aqueous extract of peanut shells promotes coagulation,and the pro-coagulant effect is more significant with increasing dose and the liver weight coefficient increases.

Esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid over a peanut shell-derived carbon solid acid catalyst

A carbon solid acid catalyst was prepared by the sulfonation of partially carbonized peanut shell with concentrated H2SO4. The structure and acidity of the catalyst were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental analysis, which showed that it was an amorphous carbon material composed of aromatic carbon sheets in random orientations. Sulfonic acid groups were present on the surface at a density of 0.81 mmol/g. The carbon solid acid catalyst showed better performance than HZSM‐5 for the esterification of cyclohexene with formic acid. At a3：1 molar ratio of formic acid to cyclohexene, catalyst loading of 0.07 g/mL of cyclohexene, and reaction time of 1 h at 413 K, the cyclohexene conversion was 88.4% with 97.3% selectivity to cyclohexyl formate. The carbon solid acid catalyst showed better reusability than HZSM‐5 because its large pores were minimally affected by the accumulation of oligomerized cyclohexene, which deactivated HZSM‐5. The activity of the carbon solid acid catalyst decreased somewhat in the first two recycles due to the leaching of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon containing –SO3H groups and then it remained constant in the following reuse.

Characteristics of Amine Surfactant Modified Peanut Shell and Its Sorption Property for Cr（VI）

Modified peanut shell （MPS） was prepared by amination reaction with peanut shell （PS） as the starting material The sorption of Cr（VI） oxyanions on MPS in static and column tests were investigated. In addition, the sorption isotherm and kinetic models were applied to confirm the sorption capacity and the sorption mechanisms. BET surface area anysis showed the physicochemical characterist!cs of the samples. The results of zeta potential,Fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and Raman spectra analysis illustrated that chemical adsorption and ion exi change are the potential sorption mechanism. The static sorption test showed that the maximum sorption capacity （qm） of MPS for Cr（VI） increased with temperature, which indicated that the Cr（VI） sorption rocess was endothermic. The saturated sorption capacity of Cr（VI） in the colunm sorption test was 138.34 mg.g-1, which accounted for 93.9% of the qmax at 25 ℃. The regeneration capacity of MPS was evaluated using HC1 solution as an eluent. The high regeneration efficiency （82.6%） validated the dominance of the ion exchange mechanism in the Cr（VI） sorption process with C1ions displacing Cr（VI） oxyanion on MPS. The Langmuir isotherm model showed a higher correlation coefficient than the other adsorption isotherm models. And in the kinetic study, a pseudo-second-order model fit the data best.

Effects of Different Drying Methods on the Functional and Structural Properties of Dietary Fiber from Peanut Shell

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the drying methods,functional and structure properties of dietary fiber( DF) from peanut shells.[Methods]Peanut shells were used as a raw material to prepare peanut shell dietary fiber( DF) by hot air drying( HA) and vacuum freeze drying( VF),respectively,and their functional and structural characteristics were compared in detail. [Results]The solubility,water holding capacity,oil holding capacity and swelling capacity of HA-DF and VF-DF were 2. 15 %,7. 63 g/g,7. 73 g/g,10. 35 ml/g and 3. 85 %,14. 98 g/g,15. 25 g/g,15. 85 ml/g,respectively. The total phenol contents were 2. 623 and 5. 173 mg GAE/g,respectively. The IC(50) values of ·OH,O2^-· and DPPH free radicals were 4. 16 and 4. 09 mg/ml,7. 90 and 3. 32 mg/ml,and 3. 19 and 3. 09 mg/ml,respectively. The molecular weight of VF-DF was smaller,and it had narrow molecular weight distribution and denser particles. Electron microscopy showed that VF-DF had a porous network like honeycomb and swelled structure. [Conclusions]This study can provide a theoretical basis for the functional modification and comprehensive utilization of peanut shell dietary fiber.

Steam Exploded Peanut Shell Fiber as the Filler in the Rigid Polyurethane Foams

In this study,steam exploded peanut shell fibers(SE-PSFs)were utilized to fabricate with rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF)in order to improve sound absorption performance and hydrothermal weather resistance.Optimized method of SE treatment,RPUF preparation and flame retardant treatment were selected to prepare SE-PSF/RPUF composites in this experiment.Physical and mechanical properties including density,water absorption capacity,thickness swelling rate,compressive strength,thermal conductivity and average sound absorption coefficient of SE-PSF/RPUF were investigated and compared with the control(PRUF).The results showed that the density,water absorption capacity,thickness swelling rate and thermal conductivity showed an increasing trend with the increase of SE-PSFs content.The strength of the composite material showed a downward trend with the increase of the SE-PSFs content.The average sound absorption coefficient of the SE-PSFs/RPUF compared with PRUF significant increased,and the average sound absorption coefficient of the SE-PSFs/RPUF with SE-PSFs 40%was 0.47.The study getted the best ratio of flame retardants for 10%EG and 3%DMMP.The oxygen index was 35.56 vol%.

Study on Functional and Structure Properties of Soluble Dietary Fiber Modified by Extrusion-expansion Technology from Peanut Shells

[Objectives] This study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of using modified peanut dietary fiber as a functional food ingredient. [Methods]Using peanut shells as a test material,the process parameters of soluble dietary fiber( SDF) modified by extrusion and expansion were studied,and the functional and structural characteristics of SDF before and after modification were discussed. [Results] The optimum conditions were as follows: screw speed 200 rpm,temperature 130 ℃ and moisture content 20 %,and the SDF extraction yield was 22. 3%. The modified SDF showed BCmax values of( 378. 5 ± 5. 3),( 278. 3 ± 3. 2)and( 167. 2 ± 2. 5) μmol/g and BCmin of( 30. 4 ± 1. 3),( 63. 4 ± 3. 7) and( 71. 3 ± 4. 2) μmol/L,for Pb,As and Cu,respectively,indicating that the adsorption to the three heavy metals was enhanced. The modified SDF had a porous network like honeycomb and swelled structure. [Conclusions]Therefore,it is feasible to modify SDF by extrusion and expansion.

Characterization of Peanut Shells for Their Valorization in Earth Brick

Peanut shells from Burkina Faso were characterized using mineralogical, microstructural and chemical methods to perform its possibility to be used as reinforce in adobe bricks. It consists of cellulose (48 wt%), hemicellulose (3 wt%) and lignin (28 wt%). The peanut shells were characterized by high porosity and showed water absorption around 198% at 72 hours. Its chemical composition is essentially composed of silica, iron oxides, alumina and calcium oxide. Its microstructure showed that the peanut shells were a compilation of microfibers with high porous of borders. In watery solution, the peanut shells released polyphenols. Thermal conductivity of peanut at 25 °C was 0.155 ± 0.021 W/mK. The physico-chemical characteristics of peanut shells were similar to those found with agricultural by-products used in adobe reinforce.

In vitro Antioxidant Activity of Resveratrol in Peanut Shell

[Objectives] To study the in vitro antioxidant activity of resveratrol in peanut shell.[Methods] The crude extracts and purified substances were obtained by ultrasonic extraction and extraction,respectively.The scavenging ability and reducing ability of DPPH free radicals,hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals were studied and compared with BHT and Vc.[Results]Regardless of crude extract or purified substances,resveratrol in peanut shells had reducing ability,but the crude extract had greater reducing ability than purified substances,Vc and BHT,and the purified substances had greater reducing ability than BHT.At the same concentration,the effects of purified substances on scavenging DPPH free radicals were better than BHT,and the scavenging rate of crude extracts for superoxide radicals was higher than BHT,purified substances,and Vc;the purified substances had certain scavenging effects on the DPPH free radicals,hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals;the scavenging effects of crude extract on superoxide radicals increased with the increase of the concentration,but the scavenging effects on DPPH free radicals and hydroxyl radicals dropped with the increase of the concentration.[Conclusions]Crude extracts and purified substances of resveratrol in peanut shell have antioxidant activity.

Adsorption of cytochrome c by succinic anhydride-modified peanut shells

A novel adsorbent based on peanut shells modified with glutaraldehyde and succinic anhydride was prepared. Factors affecting the adsorption capacity, such as the pH, temperature, adsorption time, initial cytochrome c (cyt c) concentration and NaCl ionic strength, were extensively investigated. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the modified peanut shells (MPSs) was 432.6 mg/g when 10 mL of cyt c solution was adsorbed by 20 mg of MPSs at pH 5.0 for 3 h. In contrast, the adsorption capacities of the unmodified peanut shells (PSs), alkaline peanut shells (APSs) and crosslinked peanut shells (CPSs) were only 100.6, 180.3, and 173.0 mg/g, respectively, 4.3-, 2.4-, and 2.5-fold lower, respectively, than that of the modified shells. The desorption rate reached 89.9% with 1.5 mol/L NaCNS as an eluent, because the electrostatic attraction between the positive charges of the protein and the negative charges of the MPSs was reduced when the ionic strength was increasing. The MPSs were used to separate and purify cytochrome c from pig myocardium. A purification of 13.5-fold in a single step with a total enzyme activity recovery of 74.0% was achieved.

An Efficient Activated Carbon for the Wastewater Treatment, Prepared from Peanut Shell

My group is actively involved in the research “Preparation of activated carbon from peanut shell, characterization and its use as adsorbent and as a support for catalyst. The paper published in the MRC entitle “An Efficient Activated Carbon for the Wastewater Treatment, Prepared from Peanut Shell” Modern Research in Catalysis, 2013, 2, 148-156, was submitted in the earlier stage of research, at present stage I am fully convinced that the kinetic section of the paper is totally incorrect. Therefore I appeal that remove the paper from the Journal site to avoid the citation of incorrect literature.

Assessment of anti-diabetic activity of peanut shell polyphenol extracts

The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic property of peanut shell polyphenol extracts （PSPEs）. Diabetic rats were oral-administrated with PSPE at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight （BW） per day for 28 consecutive days, with metformin （Met） as a positive control. The results showed that, similar to the Met treatment, administration of PSPE caused significant decreases in food intake, water intake, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde in serum, and significant increases in BW, insulin level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and liver gly- cogen. Further, glucose tolerance was markedly improved in the PSPE-treated diabetic groups. Histopathological results showed that PSPE improved cellular structural and pathological changes in liver, kidney, and pancreatic islets. Collectively, the results indicated that the hypoglycemic effects of PSPE on high-fat diet/streptozotocin （HFD/STZ）induced diabetes are comparable to Met, though their exact mechanism actions are still under investigation. Therefore, the current study suggests that PSPE could be a potential health-care food supplement in the management of diabetes.

Sensing of Moisture Content of In-Shell Peanuts by NIR Reflectance Spectroscopy

It was found earlier that moisture content (MC) of intact kernels of grain and nuts could be determined by Near Infra Red (NIR) reflectance spectrometry. However, if the MC values can be determined while the nuts are in their shells, it would save lot of labor and money spent in shelling and cleaning the nuts. Grain and nuts absorb low levels of NIR, and when NIR radiation is incident on them, a substantial portion of the radiation is reflected back. Thus, studying the NIR reflectance spectra emanating from in-shell peanuts, an attempt is made for the first time to determine the MC of in-shell peanuts. In-shell peanuts of two different market types, Virginia and Valencia, were conditioned to different moisture levels between 6% and 26% (wet basis), and separated into calibration and validation groups. NIR absorption spectral data from 1000 nm to 2500 nm in 1 nm intervals were collected from both groups. Measurements were obtained on 30 replicates within each moisture level. Reference MC values for each moisture level in these groups were obtained using standard air-oven method. Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis was performed on the calibration data, and prediction models were developed. The Standard Error of Calibration (SEC), and R2 of the calibration models were computed to select the best calibration model. The selected models were used to predict the moisture content of peanuts in the validation sets. Predicted MC values of the validation samples were compared with their standard air-oven moisture values. Goodness of fit was determined based on the lowest Standard Error of Prediction (SEP) and highest R2 value obtained for the prediction models. The model, with reflectance plus normalization spectral data with an SEP of 0.74 for Valencia and 1.57 for Virginia type in-shell peanuts was selected as the best model. The corresponding R2 values were 0.98 for both peanut types. This work establishes the possibility of sensing MC of intact in-shell peanuts by NIR reflectance method, and would be useful for the peanut and allied industries.

花生RIL群体出仁率的遗传特性分析

出仁率是花生的产量性状之一,是籽仁产量的重要影响因子。本研究以花育44×DF12构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体为试验材料,出仁率作为表型数据,利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对3个环境下的出仁率进行遗传特性分析。结果表明,3个环境下的出仁率的最适遗传模型均为4MG-AI,即4对加性—上位性主基因调控,3个环境下的主基因遗传率分别为91.93%,90.60%,96.85%。本研究结果为出仁率遗传机制挖掘奠定了重要理论依据。

花生壳微晶纤维素改性聚乳酸的性能及机理

花生壳采用碱解、酸解、脱色等处理后制得微晶纤维素(MCC),将其作为填料加入到聚乳酸(PLA)中,通过溶液流涎成膜的方法制得不同MCC含量的MCC/PLA复合膜。分析了碱解过程中氢氧化钠浓度对MCC收率的影响、MCC含量对MCC/PLA复合膜性能的影响及其作用机理。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、万能力学试验机等对MCC及MCC/PLA复合膜结构及性能进行表征和分析。结果表明,花生壳通过碱解、酸解、脱色等处理,将木质素等物质大量去除,制得MCC;MCC的加入,影响了PLA结晶结构的规整度及完善程度,降低了复合膜的熔融温度;随着MCC含量的增加,MCC/PLA复合膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率呈先增加后降低的趋势,均大于纯PLA的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率。当MCC的含量为5.6%时,MCC/PLA复合膜的拉伸强度为36.5 MPa,断裂伸长率达到最大值1.7%,与纯PLA相比,分别提高了52.1%和30.8%;SEM结果表明,该含量的MCC在PLA中分散均匀,复合膜光滑平整。

花生壳黄酮-海藻酸钠/低酰基结冷胶复合膜在冷鲜猪肉保鲜中的应用

为提高冷鲜猪肉的货架期,制备了不同质量分数(0.15%、0.30%、0.45%)的花生壳黄酮(peanut shell flavonoids,PSFs)-海藻酸钠/低酰基结冷胶(sodium alginate/low-acyl gellan gum,SA/LGG)复合膜,并将其用于改善冷鲜猪肉的贮藏品质。结果表明,PSFs增加了PSFs-SA/LGG复合膜分子间的相互作用;在显著提高复合膜的厚度、拉伸强度和阻隔性能(P<0.05)的同时,也降低了其透光率和断裂伸长率(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,PSFs-SA/LGG复合膜能有效抑制冷鲜猪肉贮藏期间菌落总数、pH值、总挥发性盐基氮值的上升,延缓脂质的氧化,将冷鲜猪肉的货架期延长至9 d。因此,PSFs-SA/LGG复合膜有望作为生物活性材料应用于食品保鲜领域。

废弃生物质破岩燃烧剂的性能研究

为探究废弃生物质在破岩燃烧剂中替代部分铝粉的可行性,对废弃生物质破岩燃烧剂进行了对外做功能力与热分解性能研究。采用弹道抛掷法进行对外做功能力测试,利用DTA-TG技术对废弃生物质破岩燃烧剂进行热分解特性分析。结果表明,当废弃花生壳替代铝粉用量为30%时,其对外做功能力达到52.6 J·g^(-1),较未替代前增加59%。随着温度的升高,生物质先发生热解,随后KNO_(3)与铝粉和废弃生物质发生反应,最后KNO_(3)与生物质热解产生的焦炭发生反应。废弃生物质的加入可提高破岩燃烧剂的做功能力,其中热值最高的花生壳使其做功能力提升最大,且更加钝感,起始分解温度增加6.7℃,既提高了破岩燃烧剂的安全性,又降低了成本。

基于甜菜红素的pH指示膜性能研究

以甜菜红素为指示剂,木薯淀粉、花生壳纤维素为成膜基材,采用流延法制备pH指示膜,对指示膜进行性能表征,并分析不同甜菜红色素含量对指示膜热稳定性、机械性能、光学性能、含水量、水溶性以及pH敏感性的影响。通过红外光谱及扫描电镜分析发现甜菜红素与成膜基质相容性良好,各基团交联稳定。结果表明,40%(质量分数)的甜菜红素提高了指示膜的热稳定性能、紫外光阻隔性、断裂伸长率和水润胀率(33.54%至45.94%),降低了指示膜的含水率(15.33%至13.00%)和拉伸强度(7.69 MPa至2.22 MPa),熔点从105℃升至125℃。指示膜表现出良好的pH敏感性,在酸性环境下呈暗红色,中性时呈酒红色,碱性时呈黄色/紫色,色差均大于5,肉眼可视。表明甜菜红素pH指示膜具有广阔的开发前景。

改性花生壳生物质炭对土壤中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附机制

为了提高土壤中重金属Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率,采用简单高效的吸附法,筛选廉价且吸附效果好的吸附剂成为土壤中重金属去除的研究热点.以农业废弃物花生壳为原料,用FeCl_(3)和ZnCl_(2)改性得到改性花生壳生物质炭(MPS),将其用于土壤中重金属Cr(Ⅵ)吸附研究实验中.考察pH值、投加量、反应温度、初始浓度和反应时间对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响,并对吸附机制进行探讨.结果表明,在pH值为3时,MPS添加量为土壤质量的5%,反应温度为30℃,初始质量浓度为120mg·L^(-1),反应时间为120min,得到的最高去除率为98.23%.参数拟合结果表明,改性花生壳生物质炭Langmuir吸附模型的相关系数R^(2)高达0.993,准二级动力学拟合的相关系数R^(2)为0.987,表明是单分子层反应.

改性花生壳对印染废水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能研究

花生壳是一种可作为吸附剂的自然资源,成本低,在染料废水治理中有很高的实用价值。本文对花生壳进行碱和酸改性处理,研究在特定条件下,未改性、酸改性、碱改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝溶液的最佳吸附条件,以及不同条件对同一类花生壳吸附效果的影响。最终实验结果表明:碱改性花生壳对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能最好,且在投加量为0.7g、pH值为11、初始浓度为50mg/L、吸附时间为30min时去除率最佳为98.31%。

花生壳多孔碳基超疏水吸波棉织物的制备及性能

以废弃花生壳为原料,通过高温炭化和活化制备花生壳多孔生物质碳材料,并结合低表面能物质聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),制备超疏水吸波功能棉织物。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测量仪对样品形貌、结构及性能进行分析,并测试织物的拒水防污性能、自清洁性能以及吸波性能。结果表明,利用PDMS的交联粘结作用成功将花生壳多孔生物质碳材料负载于棉纤维上,基于花生壳多孔生物质碳的表面形貌及特性,整理棉织物表面呈现微观粗糙结构,水滴接触角为159.6°,具有较好的超疏水性能及自清洁性,且当织物厚度为3 mm时,最小反射损耗为-33.17 dB,实现了优异的吸波性。