Local Application of Combined Drugs of Natural Essential Oils for the Prevention of Acute Pharyngitis

Objective: Viral pharyngitis, commonly known as a sore throat, is a widespread condition affecting people of all ages globally. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a medical device containing the combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) formulation in managing throat pain in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. With the growing resistance to traditional antibacterial treatments, essential oils have attracted interest for their potential analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties. Results: The study involved 81 patients randomly divided into two groups: those taking a medical device containing combined drugs of natural essential oils (CDNEO) and those taking a placebo. A questionnaire was used to assess throat pain among the participants, with 45 receiving the CDNEO and 36 the placebo. The CDNEO group experienced a significant reduction in throat pain, with the average VAS score decreasing from 5.36 to 1.09, compared to the placebo group, which saw a decrease from 4.97 to 2.19. This difference, with p Conclusion: By using a double-blind research method, it was possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the oils more objectively, since there was also a control placebo group. The study shows that CDNEO significantly reduces throat pain and decreases the need for additional pain relief medication in patients with acute viral pharyngitis. The findings suggest that natural essential oils could serve as an alternative treatment for pharyngitis, particularly in efforts to minimize NSAID use and combat antibiotic resistance.

Helicobacter pylori infection in the pharynx of patients with chronic pharyngitis detected with TDI-FP and modified Giemsa stain

AIM： To detect whether there is Helicobacter pylori （Hpylori） colonization in the pharynx mucous membrane of healthy people and whether chronic pharyngitis is related to Hpylori infection. METHODS： Fifty cases of chronic pharyngitis refractory over three months were prospectively studied from March 2004 to August 2004 in the otolaryngology outpatient department of the Second Hospital of Xi＇an Jiaotong University. Template-directed dye-terminator incorporated with fluorescence polarization detection （TDI-FP） and modified Giemsa stain were used to examine pharynx mucous membrane tissue for H pylori colonization in the patients with chronic pharyngitis and the healthy people as a control group. RESULTS： In the control group, no people were detected to have Hpylori in the pharynx. In contrast, in 50 cases with chronic pharyngitis, 19 （38.0%） cases were H pylori positive with a TDI-FP assay and 4 （8%） cases were TDI-FP positive with Giemsa staining in the pharynx. Sixteen of the 50 pharyngitis cases had stomach ailment history, 11 cases （68.8%） of these 16 patients were determined to be H pylori positive in the pharynx with the TDI-FP assay. 2,2 test showed that this infection rate was remarkably higher （P= 0.0007） than that in the cases without stomach ailment history. Giemsa staining showed that 3 cases （18.8%） of the patients with stomach ailment history were infected with H pylori in the pharynx, which was remarkably higher （P = 0.042） than that in the patients without stomach ailment history （1 case, which was 2.9%）. CONCLUSION： H pylori may not be detected in the pharynx of healthy people. Chronic pharyngitis may be related to H pylori infection. The infection rate with Hpylori in the pharynx is higher in patients with stomach ailment histories than in patients without stomach ailment histories, suggesting that chronic pharyngitis may be related to stomach ailment history.

Chinese Herbs for Pharyngitis Including COVID-19-Related Sore Throat

Sore throatis one of the most prominentclinical manifestations seen among mild cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)modalities,especially Chinese herbs,have accumulated rich experience in successfully treating sore throats in both acute and chronic pharyngitis.By sharing a real-world case study of three patients suffering pharyngeal discomfort including sore throat that might be related to the new coronavirus infection and have similar manifestations to general viral-induced pharyngitis,the article systematically presents and summarizes key Chinese herbsfor acute and chronic pharyngitis based on TCM herbal prescriptions(principles of herbal formula writing)below:clearing heat and removing toxins,nourishing yin and the throat,loosening the stools and soothing the throat,along withTCM syndrome differentiation ordisease differentiation andtreatment.Moreover,a modern interpretation of these principles in terms of the relationship between Shanghuo and Fire Rising,which may often be characterized by local redness,swelling,fever,and pain in the mouth or throat along with possible inflammation,and the correspondence between the pharynx and the anus are proposed.Finally,the article will share their experience in applying specific herbs locally via various pharyngeal deliverymodalities to improve efficacy including recommended prescriptions fora variety of acute and chronic pharyngitis,as well as those that may be caused by the new coronavirus infection.

Identification of the Bacterial Gene in Patients Who Repeatedly Develop Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Background: We aimed at determining whether the pathogenic bacteria at the onset of disease are genetically different and whether this affects future choice of the therapeutic methods against group A β-hemolytic streptococcal acute pharyngitis/tonsillitis. Methods: A pharynx swab was collected from pediatric patients who visited our hospital. The swab was cultured, and hemolytic streptococcus was detected 230 times. We isolated pathogenic bacteria of patients infected more than once and examined the bacteria using pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Results: Based on gene search results, we found that if the period of developing relapse was within 1 month from the first infection, all patients had the same gene. However, all patients in whom reinfection occurred after 6 months or later had different pertinent genes. Conclusions: The number of relapse/reinfection is significant for this disease, and considerably caution is essential for its treatment. No changes to antibacterial drug administration may be necessary for the second administration unless more than 6 months have passed since the first infection.

Molecular Identification of Streptococcus pyogenes in Isolates from Children with Pharyngitis, Gezira State, Sudan 2022

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is an important Gram-positive human pathogen affected the upper respiratory tract, such as the tonsils and pharynx, and is also induces post-infection diseases such as rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. This study aim to isolate Streptococcus pyogenes from children with pharyngitis and to evaluate the molecular identification of S. pyogenes compared with conventional methods. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 200 throat swab samples which were collected from children with pharyngitis referred to Wad medani Pediatric Teaching Hospital and Wad medani ENT hospital from January to November 2021. Demographic and clinical data were collected by questionnaire. Throat swabs were tested with the standard microbiological techniques to isolated Group A streptococcus (GAS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to all GAS isolates using the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to clinical laboratory standard institute (CLSI) guidelines. Additionally, PCR was used to identify Spy 1258 gene of isolated bacteria. Results: From all throat swab samples screened, 51 isolates (25.5%) were identified as GAS. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all the GAS isolates were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. Sensitivity to Erythromycin, Gentamicin, Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin and Cephalexin were 88.2%, 86.3%, 45.1%, 41.2%, 13.7%, respectively. Based on PCR identification of Spy 1258 gene the percentage of isolated bacteria was 21%. Conclusion: The rate of isolated Streptococcus pyogenes was 25.5% by conventional methods and 21% by PCR. The bacteria were sensitive to Penicillin and Azithromycin. The Spy 1258 gene was specific for detection of Streptococcus pyogenes.

Efficacy and safety of atomized inhalation for Shuanghuanglian on chronic pharyngitis:a Meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials

Objective: As a Chinese drugs preparation to clear heat and remove toxicity, Shuanghuanglian (SHL) has been widely used, but the clinical efficacy and safety of SHL on chronic pharyngitis remain unclear, especially the application of atomized inhalation of SHL need to be verified. The aim of this study was to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety for chronic pharyngitis. Methods: From the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, EMbase, Wanfang Datebase, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), VIP (Chinese Scientifc Journals Database), CBM (Chinese Biomedicine Database), We got the qualified randomized controlled trials(RCTs) and adopted RevMan5.3 software and the risk of bias tool according to the Cochrane to perform a metaanalysis. Results: Ten RCTs, a total of 950 cases (involving 472 cases in SHL group and 478 in control group) were included. The results showed that the clinical efficacy in SHL group was superior to control group [Chi2=5.61, 95%CI (4.29, 11.43), P<0.05], and four literatures reported no obvious adverse reactions in SHL group. Conclusion: Application of atomized inhalation of SHL may have a potential advantage in treating chronic pharyngitis. However, due to the limitation of the quality and sample size of those studies, the accuracy of the result should be treated with caution, higher standardized researches are required to justify the conclusion.

Study on the mechanism of Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis on acute pharyngitis based on network pharmacology

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Lianqiao-Heye(Fructus Forsythiae and Folium Nelumbinis,FF-FN)drug pair in treating acute pharyngitis(AP)by network pharmacology.Methods:The chemical components and potential therapeutic targets of FF-FN drug pair were obtained from TCMSP firstly,and databases GeneCards,DrugBank,OMIM and PharmGKB were utilized to get the genes related to AP and the intersection of the results was obtained.Then Cytoscape software was used to construct drug-component-target network diagram to screen out the key compounds.Protein interaction network(PPI)was established using String database,and the core targets were screened by CytoNCA topology analysis.R language software was used for GO biological function analysis and KEGG pathway analysis.Finally,the docking verification of key compounds and core target molecules was carried out by AutoDock software.Results:A total of 38 active compounds and 917 potential therapeutic targets were obtained from FF-FN drug pair,while a total of 1534 targets were screened out for AP,among which,the number of intersection targets was 117.7 core targets were screened out from PPI core network,with JUN,TP53,CXCL8 and RELA included.A total of 2487 biological processes were involved in GO enrichment analysis,and 157 related pathways were screened out by KEGG.Based on results of molecular docking verification,the key compounds such as quercetin,luteolin and wogonin in FF-FN drug pair were proved capable of binding to the core targets and a good affinity was shown.Conclusion:FF-FN pair can intervene AP through multiple targets and multiple pathways,including PI3KAkts signaling pathway,AGE-RAGE signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway.The combination of quercetin,luteolin,wogonin,kaempferol andβ-sitosterol with JUN,RELA,MAPK1,TNF and MYC can possibly be one of the mechanisms regarding to the therapeutic effect.

Clinical Observations on 30 Cases of Chronic Simple Pharyngitis Treated by Acupuncture plus Cupping Method

Objective： In order to investigate method for treating chronic pharyngitis. the clinical efficacy of acupuncture plus cupping Methods： Sixty patients with chronic simple pharyngitis were randomly divided into two groups. Thirty cases in the treatment group were treated by acupuncture plus cupping method and 30 cases in the control group by routine anti-inflammatory and antiviral therapy. The clinical effects were observed in the two groups. Results： The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group and 80.0% in the control group. The therapeutic effect was significantly better in the treatment group than in the control group （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion ： Acupuncture plus cupping method has a good effect for chronic simple pharyngitis.

Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Pharyngitis by Acupoint Sticking Therapy:A Report of 100 Cases

Chronic pharyngitis is a clinically common and frequent-occurring disease, termed as ＂chronic throat Bi-Impediment syndrome＂ in Chinese medicine, and mostly occurs in winter and spring[1-2]. Based upon the theory of traditional Chinese medicine to support the anti-pathogenic ability and expel pathogen, chronic pharyngitis was prevented and treated by acupoint sticking therapy from 2007 in our clinic. Now, the report is given as follows.

Abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian for chronic pharyngitis

Objective：To evaluate the effectiveness of abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian in treating chronic pharyngitis. Methods：Thirty eligible subjects with chronic pharyngitis were given abdominal acupuncture plus needling Lieque （LU 7） and Zhaohai （KI 6）, two out of the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian, once a day, 10 sessions as a course, and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after a treatment course. Results：After a treatment course, of the 30 subjects, 21 were recovered, 5 showed markedly effective, 2 were improved, and 2 failed,the total effective rate was 93.3%. Conclusion：Abdominal acupuncture plus the Confluent Points of the Eight Extraordinary Meridian is effective in treating chronic pharyngitis, worth promoting in clinic.

rapid strep testing in children with recently treated streptococcal pharyngitis

Importance:The use of the rapid antigen-detection test(RADT)has become the standard of care in the early diagnosis of group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus(GAS)pharyngitis.Concern has been expressed over increased false positives when the child had been treated recently for GAS pharyngitis,resulting in over use of antibiotics.Objective:To determine if the false positive rate for RADT is increased in children recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.Methods:We conducted a prospective study to evaluate 300 children from a private practice with acute pharyngitis who were treated for GAS pharyngitis within the preceding 28 days(study group)compared to 306 children of comparable age who had not been previously treated(control group).RADT and throat culture were performed on all children presenting with signs and symptoms of acute pharyngitis.The false positive and false negative rates were determined and compared in both groups.results:The false positive rate of 11.5%(23/200)in the study group was significantly higher than the false positive rate of 0 in the control group.False positives were more likely to occur in younger children.Interpretation:These data would indicate that while RADT is reliable in most children,it can lead to over treatment in children who have been recently treated for GAS.In children treated in the preceding 28 days for GAS pharyngitis,the presence of infection should be determined with a throat culture only.Treatment based on a positive RADT should be reserved for children not recently treated for GAS pharyngitis.

The treatment of streptococcal tonsillitis/ pharyngitis in young children

Pharyngitis is common in children,accounting for nearly 12 million visits annually in the United States.Streptococcus pyogenes or group A streptococcus(GAS)is the most common bacterial cause of pharyngitis for which antibiotics are indicated.Antibiotic treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis virtually eliminates the presence of bacteria from the pharynx and thus removes the risk of subsequent rheumatic fever.GAS is spread from person to person via respiratory droplets with a short incubation period of 2~5 days.GAS pharyngitis peaks in the late winter and early spring months when children are predominately indoors for school and sports.Colonization is also higher in winter months,and while up to 20%of school age children are colonized with GAS in their throat during this time,colonization has not been shown to contribute to the spread of disease.In low-and middle-income countries and other situations in which crowding is common(e.g.,schools),outbreaks of pharyngitis are common.GAS pharyngitis can occur at all ages and it is most common in school-aged children with a peak at 7~8 years of age.Pharyngitis caused by GAS is rare in children<3 years of age and becomes much less common in late adolescence through adulthood.

颈部挫伤并发甲状腺上动脉破裂致咽喉后壁血肿1例

1临床资料患者,男,65岁,因“颈部闭合性损伤1 h”急诊收治入院,就诊时呈渐近性呼吸困难加重,伴有咽痛明显,无明显声嘶发作。查体:颈部肿胀明显,皮下有少许淤血样改变,颈部皮肤完整。3~4度阻塞性呼吸困难,不能平卧位。相关科室除外颅脑、胸腹并发伤后,急诊坐位下行气管切开术,术后呼吸有改善,但效果不明显。术前颈动脉血管造影发现左侧甲状腺上动脉破裂(图1A),颈部CT示血肿上至第2颈椎水平,下至第1胸椎水平(图1B、1C),咽喉后壁巨大血肿约500 ml,术前介入科行血管栓塞术。

成人慢性咽部炎症患者咽部细菌学特点

我院于2000年以来对142例成人慢性扁桃体炎、慢性咽炎患者咽部细菌微生物学特点进行分析,报道如下。 1资料与方法 1．1一般资料。慢性咽炎、慢性扁桃体炎患者142例，男69例，女73例；年龄18～70岁，平均42岁。其中合并腺样体肥大者45例，男38例，女7例；平均39岁。依腺样体肥大与否分组，无腺样体肥大组（Ⅰ组）97例，腺样体肥大组（Ⅱ组）45例。

儿童扁桃体摘除术治疗复发性咽喉炎的临床研究

复发性咽喉炎是一种极易复发、难根治的咽喉部疾病,临床上表现出咽部肿痛、干燥、发痒等症状。部分患者误认为复发性咽喉炎就是慢性扁桃体炎,因此欲通过扁桃体的切除来求得根治。在英国,大约有75%的扁桃体切除术被用于复发性喉痛的临床治疗[1]。而在过去的20年中,英国的扁桃体切除率显著下降,这源于人们对扁桃体切除治疗复发性喉痛疗效、结果有了更清醒的认识。

颈咽综合征误诊误治分析

颈咽综合征是指由于颈椎病变引起咽部感觉异常的病症,一般以骨质增生型最为多见[1]。近年来随着颈椎增生症的低龄化和颈肌劳损患者的不断增加,该疾病的发生率明显提高,但是临床常常误诊[2]。

原发性咽旁间隙肿瘤的诊断及治疗

咽旁间隙是一上起颅底下至舌骨、位置深在、解剖关系复杂的潜在间隙。原发性咽旁间隙的肿瘤少见，病理类型复杂，熟悉咽旁间隙解剖结构、正确进行术前评估、选择适当的手术入路，是成功切除肿瘤并减少并发症的关键。我们对收治的162例患者进行回顾性总结分析，报道如下。

咽部多形性腺瘤1例

多形性腺瘤又称混合瘤，多发于腮腺，颌下腺次之，腭部占第3位，咽部少见．我科于2006-03-01收入1例，报道如下。

Clinical Experience in Application of the Acupoint Futu

Futu (LI 18) is an acupoint of the Large Intestinal Meridian of Hand-Yangming. Based on the TCM theories of Zang-fu organs and meridians together with the clinical practice for many years, the author has gained new experience in clinical use of the point. This is briefly introduced as follows.……

Therapeutic effect of Liyan Baidu decoction combined with oxygen spray on radioactive stomatitis in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Objective: To observe the efficacy of Liyan Baidu Decoction combined with Oxygen Spray in the treatment of radiation oropharyngeal cancer in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: Forty patients with radionomephicitis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma from 2015.03-2017.05 were randomly divided into treatment group (27 cases) and control group (23 cases). The treatment group was treated with Liyan Baidu Decoction combined with oxygen spray;the control group was treated with rehabilitation fluid. Results: Compared with the control group, the time of oral mucosal reaction was delayed (P < 0.05), the cumulative radiation of oral mucosal reaction increased (P < 0.05), and the oral mucosal reaction index decreased (P < 0.05). The degree of salivary gland damage was decreased (P < 0.05), and most of the KPS scores were improved compared with before treatment. However, the quality of life of Liyan Baidu Decoction group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Liyan Baidu decoction combined with oxygen spray may effectively delay the time of acute radioactive oral mucosal reaction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and effectively reduce the radiation oral mucosal damage and salivary gland damage in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study provides a clinical basis for the application of Liyan Baidu Decoction.