Pile-up现象对材料本构关系反演计算的影响

针对商用纳米压痕测试中忽略凸起(Pile-up)现象的问题,开展了Pile-up现象对材料力学参数和本构反演计算结果影响的研究。推导能量法理论,选取5种不同材料进行了纳米压痕测试,利用商用Oliver-Pharr(O-P)法和能量法分别进行硬度和弹性模量计算,并比较测试误差率。推导极限分析法理论并进行反演计算,得到考虑材料Pile-up现象的应力应变曲线,并根据计算结果对纳米压痕过程进行仿真。结果表明:当纳米压痕测试中压痕残余深度与压入深度比值大于0.7时,Pile-up现象对商用O-P法测试影响明显,弹性模量和硬度值误差率达到20%以上;对发生塑性变形较大材料进行本构关系反演计算时,理论计算值和数值模拟结果均证明了Pile-up现象对应力应变曲线计算有一定的影响。研究结果可为纳米压痕测试本构关系的反演计算方法提供参考。

Structural transformation and energy analysis for pile-up dislocations at triple junction of grain boundary

An energy model for the structure transformation of pile-ups of grain boundary dislocations(GBD)at the triple-junction of the grain boundary of ultrafine-grain materials was proposed.The energy of the pile-up of the GBD in the system was calculated by the energy model,the critical geometric and mechanical conditions for the structure transformation of head dislocation of the pile-up were analyzed,and the influence of the number density of the dislocations and the angle between Burgers vectors of two decomposed dislocations on the transformation mode of head dislocation was discussed.The results show when the GBD is accumulated at triple junction,the head dislocation of the GBD is decomposed into two Burgers vectors of these dislocations unless the angle between the two vectors is less than 90°,and the increase of applied external stress can reduce the energy barrier of the dislocation decomposition.The mechanism that the ultrafine-grained metal material has both high strength and plasticity owing to the structure transformation of the pile-up of the GBD at the triple junction of the grain boundary is revealed.

Influence of pile-up on nanoindentation measurements in Cu-2wt.%Be samples with precipitates

The influence of pile-up on the nanoindentation measurements in Cu 2wt.%Be samples with precipitates was carefully studied.The precipitates were formed by aging treatments for 1 h at different temperatures between 540 and 680 K.The load depth curves were analyzed using the classical Oliver and Pharr method,and the obtained elastic modulus and hardness were compared with values estimated by other techniques.An important level of pile-up was found in samples with precipitates and differences in the load depth curves were observed between the unaged and aged samples.A correction of the contact depth considering the pile-up proposed by Loubet was used for hardness estimation.For the determination of the elastic modulus,an approach based on the relation between the ratio of unloading work to indentation total work,with the ratio H/Er(H is the hardness;Er is the reduced modulus),was employed.A specific relation between both parameters was developed.

Discrimination of pp solar neutrinos and^(14)C double pile-up events in a large-scale LS detector

As a unique probe,the precision measurement of pp solar neutrinos is important for studying the sun’s energy mechanism as it enables monitoring the thermodynamic equilibrium and studying neutrino oscillations in the vacuum-dominated region.For a large-scale liquid scintillator detector,a bottleneck for pp solar neutrino detection is the pile-up events of intrinsic14C decay.This paper presents a few approaches to discriminating between pp solar neutrinos and ^(14)C pile-up events by considering the differences in their time and spatial distributions.In this study,a Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation is conducted.Multivariate analysis and deep learning technology are adopted to investigate the capability of ^(14)C pile-up reduction.The BDTG (boosted decision trees with gradient boosting) model and VGG network demonstrate good performance in discriminating pp solar neutrinos and ^(14)C double pile-up events.Under the ^(14)C concentration assumption of 5×10-18g/g,the signal significance can achieve 10.3 and 15.6 using the statistics of only one day.In this case,the signal efficiency for discrimination using the BDTG model while rejecting 99.18% ^(14)C double pile-up events is 51.1%,and that for the case where the VGG network is used while rejecting 99.81%of the ^(14)C double pile-up events is 42.7%.

An FPGA-Based Pulse Pile-up Rejection Technique for Photon Counting Imaging Detectors

A novel FPGA-based pulse pile-up rejection method for single photon imaging detectors is reported. Tile method is easy to implement in FPGAs for real-time data processing. The rejection principle and entire design are introduced in detail. The photon counting imaging detector comprises a micro-channel plate （MCP） stack, and a wedge and strip anode （WSA）. The resolution mask pattern in front of the MCP can be reconstructed after data processing in the FPGA. For high count rates, the rejection design can effectively reduce the impact of the pulse pile-up on the image. The resolution can reach up to 140μm. The pulse pile-up rejection design can also be applied to high-energy physics and particle detection.

Numerical study of pile-up in bulk metallic glass during spherical indentation

Pile-up around indenter is usually observed during instrumented indentation tests on bulk metallic glass. Neglecting the pile-up effect may lead to errors in evaluating hardness,Young’s modulus,stress-strain response,etc. Finite element analysis was employed to implement numerical simulation of spherical indentation tests on bulk metallic glass. A new model was proposed to describe the pile-up effect. By using this new model,the contact radius and hardness of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass were obtained under several different indenter loads with pile-up,and the results agree well with the data generated by numerical simulation.

Influence of Dislocation Pile-Up on Main Crack Propagation in Nanocrystals in the Hydrogen Environment

The influence of material micro-defects on the main crack growth under pure shear loading is studied theoretically.The mechanism behind the initiation of micro-cracks and crack propagation induced by dislocation accumulation near the grain boundary(GB)ismainly considered,and the influence of dislocation accumulation on the main crack propagation is analyzed.The research results reveal that the initiation of micro-cracks near the GB is prior to the propagation of the main crack.In a hydrogen environment,hydrogen can cause serious embrittlement of the crack tip and promote crack growth.The energy release rate in the main crack growth direction in the dislocation emission direction is the highest.Therefore,the main crack will eventually merge with the micro-cracks at the GB along the direction of the slip band,resulting in fracture of the crystal material.The research presented in this paper provides some new information for the first stage of crack propagation and contributes to the analysis of the mechanism of crystal metal fracture.

基于弹道亏损形状特征的堆积脉冲识别方法

识别与拒绝堆积脉冲是提升高辐射环境下X荧光光谱性能的有效方法。本文提出一种堆积脉冲甄别方法,该方法首先将原始脉冲成形为三角脉冲和梯形脉冲;然后计算其幅度比值,该比值称为时不变脉冲形状标签(TIPS);最后通过TIPS的大小判别脉冲是否堆积。这种方法不需要测量脉冲宽度,且不受脉冲幅度变化的影响。与逆锯齿波成形器相比,三角脉冲成形器能更有效地抑制TIPS展宽,从而有利于甄别堆积脉冲。在1.22×10^(6)s^(-1)通过率下,使用该方法识别铅黄铜样品中堆积脉冲。结果表明,当非堆积脉冲损失率为15%时,准确率、召回率及F1得分分别提升到73.55%、78.75%和76.06%,铜的Kα峰峰总比提高到76.60%。本文提出的方法可以有效识别堆积脉冲和提高能谱的峰总比。

考虑应力梯度效应的金属微梁屈服模型研究

一系列微加载测试结果表明,金属微梁的弯曲强度会随着材料外部几何特征尺寸的减小而显著升高,呈现出明显的尺寸相关性.基于位错塞积模型,探讨了纯金属单晶微梁的初始屈服应力,并提出了描述其尺寸相关性行为的关键内禀特征长度.通过综合分析现有的微梁弯曲实验及其离散位错动力学数值模拟结果,并考虑到位错-自由表面交互作用的影响,提出了一种仅涉及位错源的位错塞积构型.在此构型下,对线性应力梯度作用下的位错塞积行为进行了连续性分析,并建立了一个由位错源主导的应力梯度屈服模型.该模型有效地解释了微梁初始屈服应力的尺寸相关性,并与实验结果一致.研究结果表明,针对外部几何特征尺寸在数微米及以下的纯金属单晶微梁,位错塞积行为是其尺寸相关性行为的主导机制,而且刻画这种行为需要两个内禀特征长度参数,即位错源长度和位错塞积长度.为解释非均匀加载条件下微尺度晶体材料屈服应力的尺寸相关性行为,特别是纯金属单晶微梁,提供了新的视角.

基于脉冲分离的数字高斯合成成形堆积校正方法

为解决基于时间比较堆积识别方法无法处理多个脉冲峰堆积的问题,提出一种基于脉冲分离的堆积校正方法。在核脉冲信号数字高斯成形处理系统中,采用快慢双通道成形,分别构建二维、三维线性方程组,推导不同脉冲堆积情况下的幅度校正函数。结果表明,脉冲分离堆积校正方法可有效实现多个峰堆积情况下的堆积识别与脉冲幅度校正,保留更多的核脉冲信号。对LaBr_(3)探测器的模拟测试,当输入计数率达到6.125×10^(5)/s,脉冲分离堆积校正法使能量分辨率从12.31%提高到3.73%,峰位计数由1104提高至3424,该方法可进一步应用于数字核能谱测量系统中脉冲堆积识别与幅度校正。

不同溶洞处治措施对桩基承载特性的影响研究

为探究不同溶洞处治措施对岩溶发育区桩基承载特性的影响,通过有限元软件建立溶洞-桩-岩土体耦合作用模型,对比分析溶洞高度变化情况下,2种不同的溶洞处治措施(回填法和钢护筒跟进法)对桩基承载特性的影响。结果表明:随着溶洞高度增加,2种处治措施下桩基竖向承载力都呈降低趋势;溶洞高度小于10 m时,不同处治措施对桩基竖向承载力影响可忽略,溶洞高度大于10 m则需考虑处治措施对桩基竖向承载力的影响;在回填法处治的溶洞范围内,桩身轴力降幅较大,桩侧摩阻力增加显著,在钢护筒跟进法处治的溶洞中桩身轴力与桩侧摩阻力则基本不变;与钢护筒跟进法相比,回填法更有利于发挥桩侧摩阻力;溶洞高度增加时,2种处治措施下桩侧摩阻力比重均逐渐减小,桩端阻力比重逐渐增大,达到桩基极限承载力时,回填法处治后的溶洞较钢护筒跟进法桩端阻力占整体比例更小。

基于展开-合成技术平顶尖峰成形算法研究

展开-合成技术常用于核辐射测量中的数字脉冲处理系统。本文提出了一种基于脉冲展开-合成技术的多项式数字脉冲成形方法,实现了平顶展宽尖峰脉冲成形算法。该算法首先将核脉冲信号展开为单位脉冲系列组合,然后合成冲激响应系统来形成尖峰形状,利用改进的平顶尖峰成形算法处理,并在幅值提取准确性、抗干扰能力和堆积识别等方面与传统的滤波成形算法进行比较分析。实验结果表明:针对137Cs的γ特征峰,在相同的成形时间,平顶尖峰成形算法的能量分辨率为7.2%,优于梯形成形、三角成形和高斯成形算法,并且具有高计数率通过性能。因此,该方法可有效取代传统的脉冲成形方法,用于高精度、高计数率的γ能谱测量。

铌微合金化HRB400E钢铸坯裂纹研究与控制

铌是热轧带肋钢筋常用微合金化元素,具有细化奥氏体晶粒、沉淀硬化作用,且与钒相比价格较低具有较好的性价比。但因其元素特性,在铸坯冷却过程中易形成贯穿性裂纹,轧制时钢材开裂而导致堆钢。本文通过研究铌微合金化铸坯裂纹形成机理,采取优化钢水成分、低过热度浇注、二次冷却工艺优化等措施,有效解决了铸坯裂纹问题,轧制过程因铸坯裂纹导致的万吨堆钢率由1.32支降低至0.04支。

特殊地质桩基施工关键技术研究

针对济南工业北路东延工程岩溶区大直径桩基施工,结合现场地质实际情况,进行了施工中关键技术研究,介绍了现场施工一步步摸索情况,从难点分析、应对措施、典型不良地质施工处理方案及相关注意事项进行总结,通过现场实践,为工程建设提供有力支持。

自升式平台桁架式桩腿选型及优化

为增强自升式平台桩腿选型的合理性和经济性,对柱体式、桁架式桩腿的适用范围和优缺点进行分析,并提出桁架式桩腿参数化设计变量与目标函数。在此基础上对某自升式平台桩腿结构进行优化设计。研究表明:优化后的桩腿结构具有更好的力学性能和经济性。研究成果可为自升式平台桁架式桩腿选型提供一定参考。

自升式钻井平台插拔桩技术发展现状及趋势

针对自升式钻井平台在插桩和拔桩过程中面临的土工问题,系统地梳理插桩和拔桩涉及的关键技术。分析插桩过程中的土工试验技术、土体破坏机理、上硬下软地层承载力和桩脚滑移问题;阐述拔桩过程中的拔桩阻力计算方法和减小拔桩阻力方法的研究进展情况。在此基础上,根据目前面临的新挑战,提出今后自升式钻井平台插拔桩技术研究的重点,并预测其发展趋势。

旋挖桩工程质量控制点设置及管控措施研究

工程施工提供的是特殊产品,产品的质量主要表现为工程的适用性、耐久性、安全性、可靠性、经济性以及与环境的协调性,因此常在施工管理各个环节中均强调工程质量的重要性。旋挖机成孔灌注桩工艺因其速度性、安全性、经济性等特点,在各类基础、边坡支护、抗滑支挡、围护等工程领域广泛应用,同时在应用中也暴露出各种大大小小的质量问题,影响工程的整体效果。论文通过对旋挖灌注桩各工序质量控制点和预防控制措施进行分析和研究,利于提高旋挖灌注桩工程质量。

自升式风电平台桩腿升级改造

在某自升式风电平台的桩腿升级改造中,需要拆除4条旧桩腿,更换为4条新桩腿。文章对该项目进行分析研究,开发了自升式风电平台在码头时的旧桩腿拆除和新桩腿吊装技术,通过设计吊环安装方案和定位工装,使新桩腿吊装精度和直线度满足设计图纸要求,最终完成了桩腿升级改造任务。

自升式钻井平台大桩靴改造中冲桩系统设计

结合某自升式钻井平台桩靴加大适用性改造项目,文章分析了平台桩靴加大后的原船冲桩系统改造和冲桩管系布置,并概述了冲桩系统适应性设计原理和要求。通过使用冲桩系统仿真模拟软件,对喷嘴位置进行优化布局,并最终制定出最优生产方案。

自升式钻井平台升降控制系统设计与优化研究

本文探究了自升式钻井平台升降控制系统的设计方法,并对钻井平台的水平控制和桩腿电机的同步控制进行了优化分析。该系统由动力传动、升降控制和传感器三个模块构成,采用DCS分布式结构,以中央工控机作为上位机,PLC控制箱作为下位机。前端传感器采集载荷、速度、水平度等信号后,上传至工控机并完成分析处理,然后生成相应的调控指令并发送给下位机。利用下位机控制桩腿上的电机完成升降操作,保证了钻井平台的水平与稳定。在钻井平台上布置水平仪,将水平方向上的位移偏差转化为速度偏差,对桩腿进行独立调控,达到水平控制优化的目的;对桩腿电机使用耦合控制模式,保证了电机在和均衡、同步运行,达到了同步控制优化的目的。