Effect of Plant Ash on Nutrient Quality and Antioxidant Activity of African Yam Bean Seed Porridge in Relation to Cooking Time

The present study aimed to investigate the nutrient quality, antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability of hard-to-cook African yam bean (AYB) seeds cooked for 5 h (control) and for 2 h with plant ash. The plant ash were unripe plantain peel ash (UPA), corn cob ash (CCA) and UPA and CCA mixture. Standard methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) were used for the proximate and mineral analysis, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays were used to investigate the antioxidant activity. A completely randomized design with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. The results showed that cooking of AYB seeds for 2 h with 8 g/100mL plant ash solution improved the nutrient contents, antioxidant activity and sensory scores of the porridge. Higher values of proteins, ash and energy were obtained in 8 g/100mL UPA/CCA and in 8 g/100mL CCA additives. However, moisture, fat and fibre contents were not affected by plant ash additives and were higher in 5 h cooked porridge. Cooking with 8 g/100mL plant ash solution for 2 h significantly increased mineral elements in the porridge. Phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and flavonoids), and antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) showed higher values with plant ash additives. This study reveals that addition of plant ash did not only reduce the cooking time of AYB seed by 60%, but also improved the nutrient quality, antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability.

Effects of NaOH Concentrations on Properties of the Thermal Power Plant Ashes-Bricks by Alkaline Activation

The use of the thermal power plant ashes including fly ash(FA) and bottom ash(BA) for producing unfired building bricks(UBB) using sodium hydroxide(NaOH) solution as an alkaline activator was investigated. A low applied forming pressure of 0.5 MPa and various NaOH concentrations of 5, 8, 10, and 12 M were used for the preparation of brick samples with different solution-to-binder(S/B) ratios of 0.35 and 0.40. The bricks were subjected to various test programs with reflecting the effect of both NaOH concentrations and S/B ratios on the brick’s properties. The compressive strength, unit weight, ultrasonic pulse velocity, and thermal conductivity of bricks increased with increasing NaOH concentration, whereas the contrary trend was found with increasing S/B ratio. Also, the water absorption of bricks was observed to reduce with increasing NaOH concentration and decreasing S/B ratio. As the results, the combined utilization of both low forming pressure and coal power plant ashes can produce the UBBs with low unit weight, low heat conductivity, and acceptable strength and water absorption rate as stipulated by TCVN 6477-2016. Furthermore, the outcomes of chemical analysis and microstructure observation also demonstrate that a high concentration of the Na OH promoted the geopolymerization process. Notably, the use of NaOH solution of either 10 M or above is recommended for the production of UBBs, which are classified as grade M5.0 or higher.

Getting and X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Microsphere Catalyst U, Nd on the Basis Fly Ash of Thermal Power Plants

To study the physical and chemical properties of aluminosilicate microsphere catalyst by impregnation and calcination us was first obtained aluminosilicate microsphere catalyst U, Nd for petrochemical processes. The method of X-ray structure has been studied for the microsphere catalyst U, Nd.

Leaching Behavior of Fly Ashes from Power Plants

The Yanzhou mine district, located in southwestern Shandong Province, is about 1300 km2 with more than 8×109tons of proved coal reserves and there are 10 big power plants in this area. A large amount of coal ashes, which are regarded as waste materials, have been stockpiled in the area and have influenced the environment of the mine district. In this paper, analysis of fly ash samples from three power plants is carried out, the enrichment and concentration of trace elements, Pb, Zn, Cu and As, in coal ashes are analyzed, and petrological and mineralogical characteristics and chemical compositions of coal ashes are studied. The aim of this work is to provide basic scientific data for utilization of ashes and reduction of environmental pollutions.

Effect of natural and synthetic growth stimulators on <i>in vitro</i>rooting and acclimatization of common ash (<i>Fraxinus excelsior</i>L.) microplants

Application of growth stimulators can be especially effective on plantlets in vitro of tree species which are usually worse rooted and adapted in comparison with annual plants. In our work we evaluate effects of natural (dihydroquercetin, Zircon) and synthetic growth stimulators (Melafen, Fumar, Epin-Extra) on rooting and acclimatization of common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) microplants. The 0.05% -?0.2% Zircon and 10-5%?Melafen enhanced in vitro rooting by 29% -?37% and 31%, respectively. Melafen also stimulated root formation faster compared to control plants. The dihydroquercetin concentration of 0.01% increased rooting by 24% and root number per shoot by 1.8 times. In vitro plants rooted on media supplemented with Melafen, Fumar and Zircon demonstrated enhanced ability to adapt to non-sterile conditions and accelerated growth. Two months after planting to the greenhouse, plants rooted on 0.01% dihydroquercetin were 45% taller than the control. Weekly spraying of plantlets with 0.02% Epin-Extra containing 24-epibrassinolid stimulated growth of uniform plants with large leaves. The obtained results support the use of growth stimulators for application in clonal micropropagation of common ash both for large-scale production of planting stock and for conservation of rare and valuable genotypes.

粉煤灰矿化电厂烟气CO_(2)技术及关键科学问题

燃煤发电是我国能源安全的重要保障,但烟气中会排放大量CO_(2),同时,也会产生大量粉煤灰。利用粉煤灰矿化封存电厂烟气CO_(2),并将矿化产物进行综合利用,可达到大宗固废处置与CO_(2)长效封存的双重目的。目前,粉煤灰矿化电厂烟气CO_(2)技术仍存在矿化效率低、反应时间长、CO_(2)处理量小等不足,其对应的关键科学问题和技术瓶颈亟待解决。简要介绍了粉煤灰矿化烟气CO_(2)的基本原理,分析了不同反应条件对粉煤灰碱土金属离子浸出和CO_(2)矿化反应效率的影响机制,对比了CO_(2)直接矿化反应工艺、碱土金属预浸出工艺、CO_(2)预吸收工艺等3种流程的优缺点,提出了包含粉煤灰碱土金属离子高效浸出、CO_(2)矿化反应过程强化、粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)智能装备、矿化效果综合评价等方面的粉煤灰高效矿化烟气CO_(2)技术体系,总结了粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)产物的物理化学性质,提出了粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)产物高值化综合利用的构想。最后,凝练出了粉煤灰碱土金属离子快速浸出与CO_(2)高效矿化特性、粉煤灰矿化CO_(2)大型反应器中多相混合与反应规律、粉煤灰浆液矿化CO_(2)产物性质的调控机制等3个关键科学问题,指明了基础研究-关键技术与装备研发-工程应用全链条的攻关方向,为粉煤灰高效矿化烟气CO_(2)及产物综合利用提供了参考,对于双碳目标实现和固废综合利用具有重要意义。

巴基斯坦某燃煤电站工程除灰渣系统设计

该文介绍巴基斯坦某燃煤电站的工程条件,除灰渣系统的设计原则,详述除渣系统、除灰系统、灰库系统、气化风系统、压缩空气系统和石子煤系统的设计,给出各系统主要设备的参数和数量、除渣系统和除灰系统的工艺流程图,从设计标准、当地温度和湿度、灰渣综合利用、盐雾腐蚀、细渣处理和各单位配合的几个方面,总结本工程的设计经验。解决现场反馈的干灰散装机的适用性、干燥器前进口阀门的类型和空压机房排污水管道设计等问题,高质量地完成除灰渣系统的设计任务。

不同用量生物质灰配施生物有机肥对两季甜瓜植株生长和土壤性质的影响

研究不同类型及用量生物质灰配施生物有机肥对当季甜瓜生长的影响,以明确适宜甜瓜生长的生物质灰施用条件并探明该条件下连续两季甜瓜植株生长和土壤性质的变化情况,为生物质灰的资源化利用提供理论参考。在施用生物有机肥的基础上,分别设置两种生物质灰类型(底灰和飞灰)和4种用量水平(0.5%、1.0%、2.0%和3.0%干土重),以不施加生物质灰为对照(CK),共9个处理进行盆栽试验,筛选出适宜甜瓜生长的生物质灰类型并研究其对当季和第二季甜瓜植株生长及土壤性质的影响。结果表明:(1)与单施生物有机肥相比,底灰配施后不同程度上提高了当季甜瓜植株的株高、鲜重和干重,促进了茎粗和最大叶片面积的增长;土壤容重、碱解氮含量降低,土壤总孔隙度、有效磷、速效钾、有机质和碱性磷酸酶活性增加。飞灰配施后则因导致当季土壤电导率过高而促生作用不明显,甚至有抑制甜瓜茎粗增长等负面影响。(2)不同用量底灰仍能促进第二季甜瓜植株的生长和土壤性质的改良,但整体效果较施用当季有一定的衰减。(3)相关性分析表明,底灰处理促进甜瓜植株生长与其增加土壤速效钾、有机质含量和土壤酶活性密切相关。(4)底灰输入提高了土壤重金属镉和铅的积累,但没有造成土壤污染,土壤重金属污染评价等级为安全。综上,生物质底灰配施生物有机肥能够促进甜瓜植株生长并改善土壤性状,可为生物质灰的合理利用和设施土壤改良提供理论依据。

火电厂粉煤灰与脱硫石膏资源化利用现状

火力发电厂主要产生的固态废弃物为粉煤灰和脱硫石膏,由于未能得到充分的运用,我家每年都会积累大量的此类废弃物。基于对粉煤灰和脱硫石膏的规范化利用,以及相关法律法规、政策文件和利用技术的详细研究和理解,深入探讨粉煤灰的现行利用状况。近年来,我国对粉煤灰的利用模式并未经历明显的变迁。主流的应用领域依然是水泥、混凝土及各类建材的深度加工产品。这些领域的应用,不仅充分利用粉煤灰的特性,而且也在一定程度上缓解环境压力。然而,尽管粉煤灰在这些领域的应用已经相当成熟,但在其他一些可能的应用方向上,如道路建设和土地回填等,开发和利用却相对较少。脱硫石膏的应用路径具有较高的多样性,其主要被应用于作为建筑材料中的石膏和水泥固化剂。此外,其也被用于生产复合凝胶材料、土壤改良、硫酸钙晶须制备,以及其他高附加值化学品的生产等领域。建议在已经有成熟应用的领域中,进一步拓宽粉煤灰和脱硫石膏在我国的利用范围。深化粉煤灰与脱硫石膏的高附加值科技探索,提升其综合运用的良性层次。

电厂燃煤飞灰固化脱硫污泥重金属铅特性研究

【目的】燃煤电厂脱硫污泥中重金属富集显著,降低脱硫污泥中重金属含量十分必要。【方法】提出利用电厂飞灰固化脱硫污泥重金属的思路,并和常见固化剂开展对比。【结果】以铅为对象,在水泥、飞灰、螯合剂二硫代氨基甲酸酯(dithiocarbamate,DTC)和螯合剂三聚硫氰酸三钠盐(TMT-15)中,飞灰对脱硫污泥中铅固化效果最好;不同飞灰及脱硫污泥固化效率在40%~100%。机理分析表明,类似于水泥,飞灰化学成分主要含有SiO2、Al2O3、CaO、Fe2O3等,可与脱硫污泥发生水化反应等,生成对重金属固化稳定有利的水化硅酸钙C-S-H等水化产物及钙矾石等物质,同时生成物对重金属铅等具有吸附作用。【结论】在燃煤电厂脱硫污泥中掺入一定比例的飞灰可以实现铅的固化稳定,为脱硫污泥从危险固废降低为一般固废提供了方法。

生物质电厂灰混凝土抗渗性能研究

为研究不同掺量生物质电厂灰混凝土的抗渗性能,本次试验分别制备不同掺量混凝土试件,检测试件抗压强度,测定混凝土抗渗等级,比较不同掺量电厂灰混凝土的抗渗性能,研究其抗渗性。结果表明,随电厂灰掺量提高,混凝土的抗压强度削弱,混凝土抗渗强度得到提高;研究发现掺入一定量的电厂灰能够提高混凝土抗渗性能。

微波高温处理对磁性草木灰磁性及其在水溶液中分散性和稳定性的影响

为探究磁性草木灰微波高温处理后的性能,以栀子花叶为原料,经过燃烧、研磨得到草木灰(PA)并通过化学沉淀法负磁制备磁性草木灰(MPA),MPA经微波高温处理得到微波-磁性草木灰(M-MPA)。采用XRD,FT-IR,Zeta,SEM-EDS以及VSM对MPA与M-MPA的结构和性能进行了分析与表征。结果表明:在m PA∶m Fe^(2+)∶m Fe^(3+)为2.5∶2∶1、微波高温时间4 min、温度1000℃时,MPA与M-MPA磁饱和强度分别为44.14,56.72 A·m^(2)/kg,说明MPA经微波高温处理后磁饱和强度明显增强;随着pH值增大,M-MPA在水溶液中的分散性与稳定性更好,明显优于MPA。微波高温处理使磁性草木灰的磁性增强且在水溶液中具有更好的分散性与稳定性。

清淤河泥和草木灰渣作基质对水稻育秧效果的影响

农村河道清淤产生的淤泥体量大、有机质含量高,堆放或填埋处理既影响环境又造成资源浪费,生物质电厂燃烧后产生的草木灰渣,如不进行有效利用会变成新的污染源,成为电厂的负担。如能对其进行基质化利用,可变废为宝。以南粳9108为供试品种,以农村河道清淤河泥和草木灰渣为原料制作水稻育秧基质,探究不同配比育秧基质对秧苗素质的影响。结果表明:利用河泥和灰渣配制育秧基质可行性较强,相比对照,60%河泥+40%灰渣育秧效果最优,秧苗素质高于其余配比基质处理和对照,可用作水稻育秧基质,这为淤泥和灰渣高附加值化农用提供一条可行途径。

生物质电厂灰作高性能混凝土掺合料的试验分析

生物质电厂灰获取便利且具有一定火山灰活性。为测试生物质电厂灰作高性能混凝土掺合料的可行性和性能影响,本文对生物质电厂灰进行了理化特性分析,对灰样进行了预处理,制备了10%,20%和30%掺量的高性能混凝土试块进行了抗压强度试验和抗氯离子渗透性能测试,结果表明以处理后的生物质电厂灰作高性能混凝土的掺合料,随掺量增加,高性能混凝土试块抗压能力减小,但总体满足强度要求;掺入生物质电厂灰可以提高高性能混凝土抗氯离子侵蚀能力。

Development of Sensible Heat Storage Materials Using Sand, Clay and Coal Bottom Ash

In this paper, the mechanical and thermal properties of a sand-clay ceramic with additives coal bottom ash (CBA) waste from incinerator coal power plant are investigated to develop an alternative material for thermal energy storage (TES). Ceramic balls are developed at 1000&deg;C and 1060&deg;C using sintering or firing method. The obtained ceramics were compressed with a compression machine and thermally analyse using Decagon devise KD2 Pro thermal analyser. A muffle furnace was also used for thermal cycling at 610&deg;C. It was found that the CBA increased the porosity, which resulted in the increase of the axial tensile strength reaching 3.5 MPa for sand-clay and ash ceramic. The ceramic balls with the required tensile strength for TES were selected. Their volumetric heat capacity, and thermal conductivity range respectively from 2.4075 MJ&middot;m-3&middot;&deg;C-1 to 3.426 MJ&middot;m-3&middot;&deg;C-1 and their thermal conductivity from 0.331 Wm-1&middot;K-1, to 1.014 Wm-1&middot;K-1 depending on sand origin, size and firing temperature. The selected formulas have good thermal stability because the most fragile specimens after 60 thermal cycles did not present any cracks. These properties allow envisioning the use of the ceramic balls developed as filler material for thermocline thermal energy storage (structured beds) in Concentrating Solar Power plants. And for other applications like solar cooker and solar dryer.

草木灰改质钢渣的溶出行为及肥效

脱磷钢渣中含有SiO_(2),P_(2)O_(5),Fe_(x)O等多种有价组分,可为植物生长提供营养元素.为了提高脱磷钢渣中有价元素的溶出并促进其在农业中的应用,利用草木灰对熔融钢渣进行改质,研究了草木灰掺加量和浸出条件对元素溶出行为的影响,同时考察了改质脱磷钢渣对植物生长的作用.结果表明:脱磷钢渣中掺加质量分数为10%的草木灰时,改质钢渣中的铁由CaO-FeO-SiO_(2)系的玻璃相向RO相中富集;在相同条件下,该改质脱磷钢渣中有价元素的溶出率较高;随着pH值的降低,改质钢渣中各元素的溶出率进一步升高,当pH=5时,柠檬酸溶液中磷的溶出率最高可达80.47%,钙的溶出率最高为59.76%;柠檬酸溶液作为浸出剂时更有利于有价元素的溶出;向土壤中添加改质脱磷钢渣后,植物的长势和叶片大小均得到显著改善,改质脱磷钢渣有成为肥料的潜力.