Children’s playgrounds are open spaces,the basis for children’s recreation,important for the inclusion and mobility of visually impaired children in the social environment,through inclusive urban facilities that sti...Children’s playgrounds are open spaces,the basis for children’s recreation,important for the inclusion and mobility of visually impaired children in the social environment,through inclusive urban facilities that stimulate new experiences for their cognitive development.In this context,the use of co-design with visually impaired people,in the design processes of children’s playgrounds,assumes an importance for an inclusive project based on their experiences.Thus,it aimed to promote a project together,to provide more comfort and safety to users.It presents as main results as better colors,materials and types of toys for children with visual impairment to be competent in a playground including from the application of methods,tools and resources in the co-design process.展开更多
Children, who are the most weak people about sensibility and telling their desires clearly, act differently at every age phases. Because of this, child oriented designs must appeal to children about whole ages and fea...Children, who are the most weak people about sensibility and telling their desires clearly, act differently at every age phases. Because of this, child oriented designs must appeal to children about whole ages and features. Playgrounds are places where children of all ages and features spend their times commonly. But when these playgrounds were observed, that can be seen, playgrounds can not meet children＇s need and, because of this, they become quitted places. Within this article, child, play and playground concepts have been examined and the parameters of playground design have been classified. The aim of article is revealing the parameters for playgrounds design and offering a guide so that it can give an idea for the new- designs.展开更多
The culture of inclusion needs to be continuously promoted,supported,strengthened and tested to remove the barriers and deficiencies still present in the built environment around us.Do the play areas in parks,gardens ...The culture of inclusion needs to be continuously promoted,supported,strengthened and tested to remove the barriers and deficiencies still present in the built environment around us.Do the play areas in parks,gardens and squares offer real opportunities for persons with different abilities to play and have fun?Do they promote the principle of integration and create opportunities for inclusion?To answer these questions,an audit tool has been developed to assess the inclusivity of outdoor play areas in the central and suburban areas of our cities.The key elements of the evaluation focus on the physical environment of the playground and are grouped in three thematic areas:physical and sense-perception accessibility;accessibility to the experience and participation and socialisation.Although children’s right to play is now recognised and there is much talk of inclusion,application of the tool to an Italian city has shown that the right to play is not fully and satisfactorily applied.Inclusive playgrounds are still not frequent enough and a new approach to their design is needed.展开更多
Childhood obesity,an escalating global health challenge,is intricately linked to the built environment in which children live,learn,and play.This review and perspective examined the multifaceted relationship between t...Childhood obesity,an escalating global health challenge,is intricately linked to the built environment in which children live,learn,and play.This review and perspective examined the multifaceted relationship between the built environment and childhood obesity,offering insights into potential interventions for prevention.Factors such as urbanization,access to unhealthy food options,sedentary behaviors,and socioeconomic disparities are critical contributors to this complex epidemic.Built environment encompasses the human-modified spaces such as homes,schools,workplaces,and urban areas.These settings can influence children’s physical activity levels,dietary habits,and overall health.The built environment can be modified to prevent childhood obesity by enhancing active transportation through the development of safe walking and cycling routes,creating accessible and inviting green spaces and play areas,and promoting healthy food environments by regulating fast-food outlet density.School design is another area for intervention,with a focus on integrating outdoor spaces and facilities that promote physical activity and healthy eating.Community engagement and education in reinforcing healthy behaviors is necessary,alongside the potential of technology and innovation in encouraging physical activity among children.Policy and legislative support are crucial for sustaining these efforts.In conclusion,addressing the built environment in the fight against childhood obesity requires the need for a comprehensive,multipronged approach that leverages the built environment as a tool for promoting healthier lifestyles among children,ultimately paving the way for a healthier,more active future generation.展开更多
I’m glad to show you around my hometown.It is not very big but clean and tidy.There are many modern houses in it.Around them are a lot of trees and flowers.There is also a beautiful river.The water in the river is cl...I’m glad to show you around my hometown.It is not very big but clean and tidy.There are many modern houses in it.Around them are a lot of trees and flowers.There is also a beautiful river.The water in the river is clean and clear.You can see some playgrounds in my town.展开更多
Children’s playground design is an important sector of landscape design,and a site design type with which landscape architects are often confronted.Based on basic principles for the design of children’s playground,c...Children’s playground design is an important sector of landscape design,and a site design type with which landscape architects are often confronted.Based on basic principles for the design of children’s playground,construction of current children’s playground was analyzed,excellent design cases were analyzed,and design concepts for the healthy growth of children through outdoor games were explored,and it was stressed that the design should enable children to be enlightened and gain social experience in games.展开更多
Though poorly studied, sand is an environment with an extended degree of interaction with man. Enterococcal strains can be found in sand but we do not know to what extent these ubiquitous opportunistic nosocomial path...Though poorly studied, sand is an environment with an extended degree of interaction with man. Enterococcal strains can be found in sand but we do not know to what extent these ubiquitous opportunistic nosocomial pathogens isolated from sand carry antimicrobial resistances and virulence traits. In an attempt to fill in this knowledge gap, two distinct types of sand (beach and children playground) were examined concerning composition in enterococcal species, genetic diversity of isolates and abundance of resistance to antimicrobials and virulence traits. Five different species were found, namely Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus flavescens and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Although genetic diversity was evident, two different E. faecium clones, common to the two types of sand, were detected, suggesting the existence of clones well adapted to this specific environment or from a common source. E. faecium was associated with multiple antibiotic resistances, including to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline that are commonly used by veterinarians and clinicians. Among the multiresistant E. faecium strains from beach sand, two were from sequence type (ST) 442, which belongs to the wide-spread Hospital-adapted clade CC17. They both carried the esp gene and the genomic island associated with CC17. The other virulence factors screened were disseminated among E. faecalis strains, but seldom detected in the other species, evidencing the existence, in these environments, of E. faecalis strains carrying the same virulence factors as the clinical ones. The present work thus stresses the need to follow-up the presence and characterization of enterococcal strains from both beach and children playground sands and of including these environments in the epidemiological global analysis of enterococcal isolates.展开更多
Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in fresh...Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.展开更多
INTRODUCTION Canada has dealt with many of the same challenges managing scrap tires as found in other countries;however,with the world’s second largest land mass and one of the lowest population densities,the challen...INTRODUCTION Canada has dealt with many of the same challenges managing scrap tires as found in other countries;however,with the world’s second largest land mass and one of the lowest population densities,the challenges of recycling tires in Canada can be even more daunting.Over 350,000 tons of tires are discarded each year in Canada.That is the equivalent of 35 million passenger car tires-or one tire per Canadian-generated as waste annually.Of this total,the province of Manitoba is responsible for generating 1.3 million scrap tires annually,requiring an in-province environmental management solution.Tire Stewardship Manitoba’s role is to ensure that every tire from every corner of the province is collected and processed,as well as finding markets for its recycled tire rubber products.The purpose of this article is to provide the practicing professional some insight into tire recycling in Canada and Tire Stewardship Manitoba’s role.It also serves as an introduction to creating more sustainable buildings and landscapes using recycled tire materials and products in new building,road,or landscape projects.展开更多
Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children’s participation in public life.Fences of childhood,such as walls,fences,and enclosures,dominate children’s"public”spatial experiences in...Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children’s participation in public life.Fences of childhood,such as walls,fences,and enclosures,dominate children’s"public”spatial experiences in the global north.Challenging well-established critiques of the fenced playground as a space that segregates and controls childhood experiences,this study offers a novel and nuanced perspective,emphasizing the qualities of the playground fence that support play and playful connections,on,through,and around it.Employing an ethnographic methodology,this study includes 167h of observations in three typical urban public playgrounds in Greece and 65 semi-structured interviews with 124 participants.Drawing on recursive thematic qualitative analysis,the fence emerges as a blurred boundary,that is,an element that transgresses assumptions and questions spatial classifications and hierarchies.Rarely the subject of design discourse,these findings are particularly significant in design disciplines globally and offer new understandings on the possibilities afforded by the playground fence.Emergent themes,namely,indeterminacy,climbabilty,playability,and porosity,are proposed as principles to guide fenced playground design as part of a fundamental reconceptualization.This reconceptualization positions the fenced playground as a public space infrastructure,supporting intergenerational interaction and play as well as children’s presence and play in the public realm.展开更多
大型游乐场在各地兴建。有一个问题似乎被忽略了:许多木制的玩具或游乐工具的木头,其实是arsenic-treated(用砷／砒霜加工过的),儿童触模之后,容易使之患癌症!更为严重的是:Time does not seem to affect the levels of ar-senic.而且,...大型游乐场在各地兴建。有一个问题似乎被忽略了:许多木制的玩具或游乐工具的木头,其实是arsenic-treated(用砷／砒霜加工过的),儿童触模之后,容易使之患癌症!更为严重的是:Time does not seem to affect the levels of ar-senic.而且,90%的室外木制玩具皆为arsenic-treated!我国的环境保护部门,不知是否注意到了这一点!展开更多
基金the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior-Brasil 436(CAPES)-Finance Code 001National Council for Scientific and Technological Development(CNPq)Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio Grande do Sul(FAPERGS).
文摘Children’s playgrounds are open spaces,the basis for children’s recreation,important for the inclusion and mobility of visually impaired children in the social environment,through inclusive urban facilities that stimulate new experiences for their cognitive development.In this context,the use of co-design with visually impaired people,in the design processes of children’s playgrounds,assumes an importance for an inclusive project based on their experiences.Thus,it aimed to promote a project together,to provide more comfort and safety to users.It presents as main results as better colors,materials and types of toys for children with visual impairment to be competent in a playground including from the application of methods,tools and resources in the co-design process.
文摘Children, who are the most weak people about sensibility and telling their desires clearly, act differently at every age phases. Because of this, child oriented designs must appeal to children about whole ages and features. Playgrounds are places where children of all ages and features spend their times commonly. But when these playgrounds were observed, that can be seen, playgrounds can not meet children＇s need and, because of this, they become quitted places. Within this article, child, play and playground concepts have been examined and the parameters of playground design have been classified. The aim of article is revealing the parameters for playgrounds design and offering a guide so that it can give an idea for the new- designs.
文摘The culture of inclusion needs to be continuously promoted,supported,strengthened and tested to remove the barriers and deficiencies still present in the built environment around us.Do the play areas in parks,gardens and squares offer real opportunities for persons with different abilities to play and have fun?Do they promote the principle of integration and create opportunities for inclusion?To answer these questions,an audit tool has been developed to assess the inclusivity of outdoor play areas in the central and suburban areas of our cities.The key elements of the evaluation focus on the physical environment of the playground and are grouped in three thematic areas:physical and sense-perception accessibility;accessibility to the experience and participation and socialisation.Although children’s right to play is now recognised and there is much talk of inclusion,application of the tool to an Italian city has shown that the right to play is not fully and satisfactorily applied.Inclusive playgrounds are still not frequent enough and a new approach to their design is needed.
文摘Childhood obesity,an escalating global health challenge,is intricately linked to the built environment in which children live,learn,and play.This review and perspective examined the multifaceted relationship between the built environment and childhood obesity,offering insights into potential interventions for prevention.Factors such as urbanization,access to unhealthy food options,sedentary behaviors,and socioeconomic disparities are critical contributors to this complex epidemic.Built environment encompasses the human-modified spaces such as homes,schools,workplaces,and urban areas.These settings can influence children’s physical activity levels,dietary habits,and overall health.The built environment can be modified to prevent childhood obesity by enhancing active transportation through the development of safe walking and cycling routes,creating accessible and inviting green spaces and play areas,and promoting healthy food environments by regulating fast-food outlet density.School design is another area for intervention,with a focus on integrating outdoor spaces and facilities that promote physical activity and healthy eating.Community engagement and education in reinforcing healthy behaviors is necessary,alongside the potential of technology and innovation in encouraging physical activity among children.Policy and legislative support are crucial for sustaining these efforts.In conclusion,addressing the built environment in the fight against childhood obesity requires the need for a comprehensive,multipronged approach that leverages the built environment as a tool for promoting healthier lifestyles among children,ultimately paving the way for a healthier,more active future generation.
文摘I’m glad to show you around my hometown.It is not very big but clean and tidy.There are many modern houses in it.Around them are a lot of trees and flowers.There is also a beautiful river.The water in the river is clean and clear.You can see some playgrounds in my town.
文摘Children’s playground design is an important sector of landscape design,and a site design type with which landscape architects are often confronted.Based on basic principles for the design of children’s playground,construction of current children’s playground was analyzed,excellent design cases were analyzed,and design concepts for the healthy growth of children through outdoor games were explored,and it was stressed that the design should enable children to be enlightened and gain social experience in games.
文摘Though poorly studied, sand is an environment with an extended degree of interaction with man. Enterococcal strains can be found in sand but we do not know to what extent these ubiquitous opportunistic nosocomial pathogens isolated from sand carry antimicrobial resistances and virulence traits. In an attempt to fill in this knowledge gap, two distinct types of sand (beach and children playground) were examined concerning composition in enterococcal species, genetic diversity of isolates and abundance of resistance to antimicrobials and virulence traits. Five different species were found, namely Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus hirae, Enterococcus flavescens and Enterococcus casseliflavus. Although genetic diversity was evident, two different E. faecium clones, common to the two types of sand, were detected, suggesting the existence of clones well adapted to this specific environment or from a common source. E. faecium was associated with multiple antibiotic resistances, including to fluoroquinolones and tetracycline that are commonly used by veterinarians and clinicians. Among the multiresistant E. faecium strains from beach sand, two were from sequence type (ST) 442, which belongs to the wide-spread Hospital-adapted clade CC17. They both carried the esp gene and the genomic island associated with CC17. The other virulence factors screened were disseminated among E. faecalis strains, but seldom detected in the other species, evidencing the existence, in these environments, of E. faecalis strains carrying the same virulence factors as the clinical ones. The present work thus stresses the need to follow-up the presence and characterization of enterococcal strains from both beach and children playground sands and of including these environments in the epidemiological global analysis of enterococcal isolates.
文摘Competence in academic writing in college is a challenging as well as an engaging task for many college students. Argumentative writing and acknowledging the counterargument is one of modes that is introduced in freshman classes; however, college students approach writing with a certain mindset. Learning to write in different modes could be exciting when taught utilizing a film or a documentary. Using a documentary, such as Devil＇s Playground, writing professors not only initiate interest in culture learning and cultural understanding but also motivate students to use argumentation to foster critical thinking as well as cultural understanding.
文摘INTRODUCTION Canada has dealt with many of the same challenges managing scrap tires as found in other countries;however,with the world’s second largest land mass and one of the lowest population densities,the challenges of recycling tires in Canada can be even more daunting.Over 350,000 tons of tires are discarded each year in Canada.That is the equivalent of 35 million passenger car tires-or one tire per Canadian-generated as waste annually.Of this total,the province of Manitoba is responsible for generating 1.3 million scrap tires annually,requiring an in-province environmental management solution.Tire Stewardship Manitoba’s role is to ensure that every tire from every corner of the province is collected and processed,as well as finding markets for its recycled tire rubber products.The purpose of this article is to provide the practicing professional some insight into tire recycling in Canada and Tire Stewardship Manitoba’s role.It also serves as an introduction to creating more sustainable buildings and landscapes using recycled tire materials and products in new building,road,or landscape projects.
文摘Scholars have criticized the capacity of playgrounds to support children’s participation in public life.Fences of childhood,such as walls,fences,and enclosures,dominate children’s"public”spatial experiences in the global north.Challenging well-established critiques of the fenced playground as a space that segregates and controls childhood experiences,this study offers a novel and nuanced perspective,emphasizing the qualities of the playground fence that support play and playful connections,on,through,and around it.Employing an ethnographic methodology,this study includes 167h of observations in three typical urban public playgrounds in Greece and 65 semi-structured interviews with 124 participants.Drawing on recursive thematic qualitative analysis,the fence emerges as a blurred boundary,that is,an element that transgresses assumptions and questions spatial classifications and hierarchies.Rarely the subject of design discourse,these findings are particularly significant in design disciplines globally and offer new understandings on the possibilities afforded by the playground fence.Emergent themes,namely,indeterminacy,climbabilty,playability,and porosity,are proposed as principles to guide fenced playground design as part of a fundamental reconceptualization.This reconceptualization positions the fenced playground as a public space infrastructure,supporting intergenerational interaction and play as well as children’s presence and play in the public realm.
文摘大型游乐场在各地兴建。有一个问题似乎被忽略了:许多木制的玩具或游乐工具的木头,其实是arsenic-treated(用砷／砒霜加工过的),儿童触模之后,容易使之患癌症!更为严重的是:Time does not seem to affect the levels of ar-senic.而且,90%的室外木制玩具皆为arsenic-treated!我国的环境保护部门,不知是否注意到了这一点!
